Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de la infección por el virus de la lengua azul en rumiantes del noreste de Argelia

• Racha Ouachtati Chadli Bendjedid University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiological surveillance, health, production and reproduction, experimentation and cell therapy of domestic and wild animals, PO Box 73,36000 El-Tarf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5468-2560
• Hassane Benseghir University of Batna 2, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, 05078, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-3321
• Abdennour Azizi University of Batna 1, Veterinary Sciences and Agricultural Sciences Institute, Department of Veterinary Science, 05000, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-9298
• Leila Aoun Chadli Bendjedid University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiological surveillance, health, production and reproduction, experimentation and cell therapy of domestic and wild animals, PO Box 73,36000 El-Tarf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6653
• Mourad Zeghdoudi Chadli Bendjedid University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiological surveillance, health, production and reproduction, experimentation and cell therapy of domestic and wild animals, PO Box 73,36000 El-Tarf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-8234
• Samir Laib Chadli Bendjedid University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiological surveillance, health, production and reproduction, experimentation and cell therapy of domestic and wild animals, PO Box 73,36000 El-Tarf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7020-4925
• Dounia Ouachtati Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia University - Souk Ahras, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Sciences, BP 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6519-1958

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e362860

Palabras clave: Argelia, lengua azul, seroprevalencia, ELISA, factores de riesgo

Resumen

La lengua azul es una infección viral transmitida por vectores causada por el virus de la lengua azul, un orbivirus de la familia Reoviridae. El virus de la lengua azul afecta principalmente a rumiantes domésticos y silvestres, siendo las ovejas las más susceptibles clínicamente, seguidas de las cabras y el ganado vacuno. El virus se transmite por mosquitos hematófagos del género Culicoides. Este estudio transversal evaluó la seroprevalencia del virus de la lengua azul e identificó los factores de riesgo asociados en ovejas, cabras y bovinos en tres provincias (Wilayas) del noreste de Argelia. Entre marzo de 2024 y abril de 2025, se recogieron muestras de suero (n = 380) y se analizaron mediante un ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas competitivo. La seroprevalencia global del virus de la lengua azul fue del 54,74 % (208/380). Las tasas de seroprevalencia específicas por especie fueron más altas en las cabras (73,91 %, 68/92), seguidas de los bovinos (73,27 %, 74/101) y las ovejas (35,29 %, 66/187). El análisis de regresión logística multivariable reveló asociaciones significativas entre la seropositividad al virus de la lengua azul y la especie animal (P < 0,001), la ubicación geográfica (P < 0,05) y la temporada de muestreo (P < 0,05). En comparación con las ovejas, el ganado vacuno presentó una probabilidad siete veces mayor de seropositividad (OR = 7,746, IC del 95 %: 3,621-16,571), mientras que las cabras presentaron una probabilidad nueve veces mayor (OR = 9,044, IC del 95 %: 4,440- 18,422). Los animales muestreados durante el invierno mostraron tasas de seropositividad significativamente más altas (OR = 3,400, IC del 95 %: 1,526-7,574). Estos hallazgos indican la circulación endémica del virus de la lengua azul en el noreste de Argelia, con una variación significativa entre especies y espacios geográficos, lo que requiere estrategias específicas de vigilancia y control.

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