Reproduciendo para la sostenibilidad: cómo las biotecnologías reproductivas pueden ayudar a los criadores de búfalos a combatir el cambio climático
Resumen
La atención mundial sobre la producción de CH 4 entérico en rumiantes requiere una respuesta que implique la colaboración entre investigadores y la industria. Las generaciones futuras de búfalos se caracterizarán por una mayor eficiencia y fertilidad, lo que puede reducir la intensidad de las emisiones de CH 4 . Este objetivo será el resultado de una selección equilibrada de múltiples rasgos y la introducción de un manejo reproductivo y productivo eficiente. Actualmente, las granjas de búfalos cuentan con programas reproductivos eficientes que utilizan tecnologías de reproducción asistida (ART). Nuestro creciente conocimiento sobre la función ovárica durante el ciclo estral de las búfalas ha brindado nuevos enfoques para sincronizar con precisión el desarrollo folicular y la ovulación para aplicar las ART de manera consistente. Los protocolos de sincronización están diseñados para controlar la función lútea y folicular y permitir la IA a tiempo fijo (IATF) con altas tasas de preñez durante las temporadas de reproducción (otoño-invierno) y no reproductiva (primavera-verano). Además, permite el inicio de tratamientos de superestimulación en el momento que usted elija, brindando oportunidades para superestimular a los donantes de búfalas asociados con la recogida de óvulos (OPU) y la producción de embriones in vitro (IVEP). Además, permite la transferencia de embriones a tiempo fijo (TETF) en las receptoras, con alta eficiencia y sin necesidad de detección de estro. Por lo tanto, las ART, como la IA y la ET, se aplican para la multiplicación y dispersión selectiva del búfalo con credenciales ambientales y de producción definidas. Además, la urgencia de pasar a la próxima generación de búfalos aumentará la producción de embriones a partir de novillas prepúberes genómicamente definidas. El uso de estas biotecnologías reducirá el intervalo generacional y acelerará la tasa de mejora genética del búfalo, definida por una mayor eficiencia y fertilidad y una menor emisión de CH 4 . El desafío sigue siendo comunicar la importancia de los búfalos para la seguridad alimentaria y el medio ambiente.
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