La eritropoyetina y el Hypericum perforatum mejoran la nefrotoxicidad inducida por gentamicina en ratas

• Tuba Parlak Ak University of Munzur, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. Tunceli, Türkiye
• Meltem Sağıroğlu University of Firat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. Elazig, Türkiye
• Gizem Elif Korkmaz University of Munzur, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Department of Veterinary. Tunceli, Türkiye
• Mine Yaman University of Firat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology. Elazig, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34419

Palabras clave: Apoptosis, eritropoyetina, gentamicina, Hypericum perforatum, estrés oxidativo

Resumen

La gentamicina (GM), que causa nefrotoxicidad, es un antibiótico aminoglucósido comúnmente indicado para tratar infecciones por gram negativos. La eritropoyetina (EPO), que tiene diferentes funciones biológicas entre las que se incluyen neuroprotección, cicatrización de heridas y nefroprotección, es una hormona glicoproteica que controla la eritropoyesis. Hypericum perforatum (HP) es una hierba medicinal con efectos antibacterianos y nefroprotectores. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la eficacia de EPO y HP en la nefrotoxicidad de transgénicos utilizando evaluaciones bioquímicas, histopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas combinadas. Un total de 36 ratas macho Spraque–Dawley se dividieron como control, GM (100 mg·kg^-1 día), GM+EPO, GM+HP, EPO (1000 UI·kg^-1 tres días consecutivos de diferencia) y HP (200 mg·kg^-1 día) (n=6) y el experimento duró 9 días. La EPO y HP redujeron el aumento del peso relativo de los riñones inducido por transgénicos; mientras que provocaron un incremento de los niveles séricos de nitrógeno ureico (BUN), creatinina y urea. Así mismo, EPO y HP redujeron el nivel de malondialdehído (MDA), que aumentó con la aplicación de transgénicos, y aumentaron las actividades del glutatión reducido (GSH), la glutatión peroxidasa (GSH–Px) y la catalasa (CAT). La nefrotoxicidad de los transgénicos resultó en degeneración tubular, vacuolización y depósitos hialinos, degeneración glomerular e infiltración de células mononucleares intersticiales. EPO y HP atenuaron estos cambios histopatológicos. Además, la EPO y el HP redujeron la inmunorreactividad de la caspasa–3, que aumentó con la aplicación de transgénicos. Se demostró que la EPO y la HP tienen efectos atenuantes sobre la lesión renal inducida por transgénicos y, especialmente, el intenso contenido de antioxidantes de la HP tiene un efecto regulador sobre las consecuencias negativas del estrés oxidativo.

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