Relación entre la hormona Anti–mülleriana y la respuesta superovulatoria en vacas Holstein mestizas lecheras, criadas a pastoreo en el trópico alto latinoamericano

• Andrés Santiago Jácome–Aucay Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Portoviejo, Ecuador
• Juan José Zambrano–Villacis Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Portoviejo, Ecuador
• Luis Ayala–Guanga Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34387

Palabras clave: recuento de folículos antrales, superovulación, Holstein, Hormona Anti–Mülleriana

Resumen

La superovulación (SOV) ha permitido multiplicar los animales de alto valor genético; sin embargo, la media de embriones transferibles obtenidos no ha mejorado en los últimos años. Uno de los factores que influye fuertemente es la variabilidad individual de la donadora respecto al número de folículos antrales presentes al momento del inicio del protocolo de SOV. Por lo tanto, en el estudio se determinó la relación y asociación existente entre la hormona Anti–mülleriana (AMH) y el recuento de folículos antrales (RFA) al inicio del protocolo de superovulación (T0), así como al momento de la primera inseminación (T9). Además, se evaluó el proceso de ovulación mediante el conteo de cuerpos lúteos (CL) presentes el día del lavado (CL16) y la cantidad de estructuras y embriones transferibles colectados (día 16) en 36 vacas Holstein mestizas lactantes, manejadas en explotaciones del trópico alto, en sistemas extensivos, alimentadas a pastoreo. Se determinó una concentración media de 0,07 ± 0,03 ng·mL^-1 de AMH, un RFA mayor a 4 mm promedio en día cero (T0) de 14,7 ± 4,30 folículos, con una relación y asociación entre estas variables baja (r=0,21; R²=0,04; P>0,05); En contraposición, en día 9 (T9) el RFA fue de 16,4 ± 5,2 folículos y la relación y asociación alta y significativa con la AMH (r=0,84; R²=0,70; P<0,05). Se estableció que el 22,2 % animales con alta AMH, presentaron 2,6 veces más hormona, 1,8 más folículos y proporcionaron 2,5 más embriones transferibles que las donadoras de baja AMH (47,2 %). En conclusión, las donadoras con un valor mayor a 0,09 ng·mL^-1 de AMH permiten mejorar los resultados en biotécnicas reproductivas como MOET.

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