Evidencia serológica y molecular de especies patógenas de Leptospira en rastros de bovinos del estado de Veracruz, México

• Jose Luis Ochoa-Valencia Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
• Anabel Cruz-Romero Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
• Sokani Sánchez-Montes Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Tuxpan. Veracruz, México -Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental. Ciudad de México, México
• Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Facultad de Odontología, Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, México
• Dora Romero-Salas Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
• Belisario Domínguez-Mancera Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
• Jose Rodrigo Ramos-Vázquez Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
• Ingeborg Becker Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental. Ciudad de México, México
• Marco Torres-Castro Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes.Yucatán, México

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e33201

Palabras clave: Leptospirosis, ganado, unidades centinelas, Leptospira interrogans

Resumen

La ganadería bovina es la actividad pecuaria más importante de México, destacándose el hecho de que el país ocupa el octavo lugar a nivel mundial en la producción de carne bovina. Sin embargo, el ganado puede verse afectado por la leptospirosis (enfermedad bacteriana causada por 17 especies de espiroquetas del género Leptospira), que ocasionan problemas reproductivos que se traducen en grandes pérdidas económicas. Además, estos agentes zoonóticos pueden causar una condición febril de evolución rápida en humanos, la cual puede resolverse después de la primera semana de presentación de síntomas o puede progresar y desarrollar manifestaciones severas en una fase tardía. A pesar del gran impacto de estos agentes en la economía y la salud pública, la vigilancia epidemiológica frente a la enfermedad infecciosa que los provocan no está presente en los mataderos municipales (MM). Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, mediante métodos serológicos y moleculares, las especies de Leptospira circulantes en tres MM de Veracruz. La frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira fue del 67,5%. Además, se recuperaron cinco secuencias con un 99% de similitud con L. interrogans. Este trabajo representa el primer esfuerzo nacional para la evaluación de los MM como unidades centinela, que permitan establecer la diversidad de especies del género Leptospira que circulan en los bovinos y establecer medidas de intervención para mitigar los riesgos para los trabajadores que entren en contacto con los fluidos y órganos de animales infectados.

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