Reporte de caso: Trombosis arterial en un perro Dálmata
Resumen
La trombosis arterial incluida como diagnóstico diferencial en claudicaciones de aparición aguda en perros es poco común, ya que las primeras causas suelen ser traumatismos, neoplasias o enfermedades osteo degenerativas. Se describe el caso clínico de un perro macho Dálmata de 6,5 años de edad, con historial de claudicación del miembro torácico izquierdo de manera súbita, decaimiento y distrés respiratorio. Los valores elevados de Dímero D y Proteína C Reactiva conjuntamente con el estudio ecográfico confirmaron la presencia de un trombo en la arteria braquial radial; la causa de formación del trombo no se identificó. El manejo fue medicamentoso con enoxaparina, clopidogrel, rivaroxabán y atenolol a largo plazo.
Descargas
Citas
ANDRUZZI, M.N.; VOGES, A.K.; RUSSELL, K.E.; JEFFERY, N.D. Brachial artery thrombosis in a dog causing monoparesis mimicking nerve sheath tumor. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 35: 2415–2420. 2021.
ARREBOLA, M.; DE LA CRUZ, J.; VILLALOBOS, M.; PINACHO, A.; GUERRERO, A.; SÁNCHEZ DE LA C., F. In vitro effects of clopidogrel on the platelet-subendothelium interaction, platelet thromboxane and endothelial prostacyclin production, and nitric oxide synthesis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 43: 74–82. 2004.
BLAIS, M.C.; BIANCO, D.; GOGGS, R.; LYNCH, A.M.; PALMER, L.; RALPH, A.; SHARP, C.R. Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 3–Defining antithrombotic protocols. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 29: 60–74. 2019.
BRAINARD, B.M.; BURIKO, Y.; GOOD, J.; RALPH, A.G.; ROZANSKI, E.A. Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 5–Discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy in small animals. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 29: 88–97. 2019.
CARDIEL-HERNÁNDEZ, B.; GUTIÉRREZ-BAÑUELOS, H.; DÍAZ-GARCÍA, L.; POLIN-RAYGOZA, L.; ESPINOZA-CANALES, A.; GUTIÉRREZ-PIÑA, F.; MEZA-LÓPEZ, C.; MURO-REYES, A. Los perfiles de proteínas de fase aguda como biomarcadores en medicina de perros y gatos. Abanico Vet. 5: 51–62. 2015.
CORDELLA, A.; PEY, P.; LINTA, N.; QUINCI, M.; TOALDO, M.B.; PISONI, L.; BETTINI, G.; DIANA, A. Use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for the characterization of tumor thrombi in seven dogs. Anim. 10: 1–11. 2020.
DANESE, C.A.; VOLETI, C.D.; WEISS, H.J. Protection by Aspirin against Experimentally Induced Arterial Thrombosis in Dogs. Thieme. Trombos. Haemost. 25: 288–296. 1971.
GASTHUYS, F.M.R.; CHIERS, K.; DE CLERCQ, D.; GOVAERE, J.; VAN LOON, G. Bilateral thrombosis of the brachial artery in an adult horse. Vet. Rec. 160: 340–342. 2007.
GROVER, S.; MACKMAN, N. Intrinsic Pathway of Coagulation and Thrombosis. Insights From Animal Models. Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 39: 331–338. 2019.
HAYDARDEDEOĞLU, A.; URAL, K.; ORMAN, A.; URAL, D. D-dimer levels as a procoagulative marker in association with disease progress during giardiasis in dogs. Rev. MVZ Córdoba. 23: 6726–6736. 2018.
HOGAN, D.F. Feline Cardiogenic Arterial Thromboembolism: Prevention and Therapy. Vet. Clin. North Am. - Small Anim. Pract. 47: 1065–1082. 2017.
HOGAN, D.F.; BRAINARD, B.M. Cardiogenic embolism in the cat. J. Vet. Cardiol. 17: S202–S214. 2015.
HUSSEIN, H.A.; IBRAHIM, A.; ALI, M.F.; AHMED, A.F. Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of brachial and femoral veins, and coagulation and lipid profiles in dogs following open splenectomy. Sci. Rep. 9(1): e15377. 2019.
JAGADEESWARAN, P.; COOLEY, B.C.; GROSS, P.L.; MACKMAN, N. Animal Models of Thrombosis From Zebrafish to Nonhuman Primates: Use in the Elucidation of New Pathologic Pathways and the Development of Antithrombotic Drugs. Circ. Res. 118: 1363–1379. 2016.
KERWIN, S.C.; TAYLOR, A.R. Assessment of Orthopedic Versus Neurologic Causes of Gait Change in Dogs and Cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. - Small Anim. Pract. 51: 253–261. 2021.
MARSCHNER, C.B.; KRISTENSEN, A.T.; ROZANSKI, E.A.; MCEVOY, F.J.; KÜHNEL, L.; TAEYMANS, O.; DE LAFORCADE, A.; SATO, A.F.; WIINBERG, B. Diagnosis of canine pulmonary thromboembolism by computed tomography and mathematical modelling using haemostatic and inflammatory variables. Vet. J. 229: 6–12. 2017.
MAYS, E.; PHILLIPS, K. Focused Ultrasound of Vascular System in Dogs and Cats. Thromboembolic Disease. Vet. Clin. Small Anim. Pract. 51: 1267–1282. 2021.
MULLEN, K.; REGIER, P.; ELLISON, G.; LONDOÑO, L. The Pathophysiology of Small Intestinal Foreign Body Obstruction and Intraoperative Assessment of Tissue Viability in Dogs: A Review. Top Companion Anim. Med. 40: e100438. 2020.
NOBLE, M.I.M. How to Treat and Prevent Arterial Thrombosis with no Increased Bleeding from Accidents, Surgical Perations and other Invasive Procedures. Med. Clin. Res. 2: 15–18. 2017.
PETZOLD, T.; THIENEL, M.; DANNENBERG, L.; MOURIKIS, P.; HELTEN, C.; AYHAN, A.; M’PEMBELE, R.; ACHILLES, A., TROJOVKY, K.; KONSEK, D.; ZHANG, Z.; REGENAUER, R.; PIRCHER, J.; EHRLICH, A.; LÜSEBRINK, E.; NICOLAI, L.; STOCKER, T.; BRANDL, R.; RÖSCHENTHALER, F.; STRECKER, J.; SALEH, I.; SPANNAGL, M.; MAYR, C.; SCHILLER, H.; JUNG, C.; GERDES, N.; HOFFMANN, T.; LEVKAU, B.; HOHLFELD, T.; ZEUS, T.; SCHULZ, C.; KELM, M.; POLZIN, A. Rivaroxaban reduces arterial thrombosis by inhibition of FXA-driven platelet activation via protease activated receptor-1. Circ. Res. 126: 486–500. 2020.
ROSSER, E.J. Use of the D-dimer assay for diagnosing thrombosis in cases of canine cutaneous vasculitis. Vet. Dermatol. 20: 586–590. 2009.
RUEHL, M.; LYNCH, A.M.; O’TOOLE, T.E.; MORRIS, B.; RUSH, J.; COUTO, C.G.; HMELO, S.; SONNENSHEIN, S.; BUTLER, A.; GUILLAUMIN, J. Outcome and treatments of dogs with aortic thrombosis: 100 cases (1997-2014). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 34: 1759–1767. 2020.
SAKAMOTO, Y.; ISHIKAWA, C.; NAKAYAMA, T.; SAKAI, M. Computed tomographic features of portal vein thrombosis in two cats with splenosystemic shunts. J. Small Anim. Pract. 2022.
SATO, K.; SAKAMOTO, Y.; SAKAI, M.; ISHIKAWA, C.; NAKAZAWA, M.; CHENG, C.J.; WATARI, T.; NAKAYAMA, T. Diagnostic utility of computed tomographic angiography in dogs with portal vein thrombosis. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 82: 1421–1427. 2020.
SCHWEDE, M.; RICHTER, O.; ALEF, M.; THEUß, T.; LODERSTEDT, S. Vascular surgery of aortic thrombosis in a dog using Fogarty maneuver - technical feasibility. Clin. Case Reports. 6: 214–219. 2018.
SOUZA, I.; PINTO, P.; COELHO, N.; PRESTES, R.; TORRES, R.; NEPOMUCENO, A. Ultrasonographic findings of abdominal thrombosis in dogs. Arq. Bras. Med.Vet. Zoot.. 74: 412–418. 2022.
VON STADE, L.; SHROPSHIRE, S.; RAO, S.; TWEDT, D.; MAROLF, A. Prevalencia de trombosis de la vena porta detectada mediante angiografía por tomografía computarizada en perros. Rev. Práctica Anim. Pequeños. 62: 562–569. 2021.
STOKOL, T.; BROOKS, M.; ERB, H.; MAULDIN, G. D-dimer concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am. J.Vet. Res. 61: 393–398. 2000.
TÖRÖK, B.; VAJDOVICH, P.; BALOGH, L.; THURÓCZY, J.; DÉNES, B. Evaluation of the performance of a human D-dimer test in dogs with neoplasia. Acta Vet. Hung. 68: 242–250. 2020.
UCHIDA, M.; OHMI, A.; FUJIWARA, R.; FUKUSHIMA, K.; DOI, A.; AZUMA, K.; TSUJIMOTO, H. Treatment with rivaroxaban and monitoring of coagulation profiles in two dogs with venous thromboembolism. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 82: 1271–1276. 2020.
WILLIAMS, T.; SHAW, S.; PORTER, A.; BERKWITT, L. Aortic thrombosis in dogs. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 27: 9–22. 2017.
YANG, V.K.; CUNNINGHAM, S.M.; RUSH, J.E.; DE LAFORCADE, A. The use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of thrombotic complications in four dogs. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 26: 729–736. 2016.
YUAN, S.; SHI, Y.; WANG, J.; LÜ, F.; GAO, S. Elevated plasma D-dimer and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels may indicate aortic disorders. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc. 26: 573–581. 2011.
Derechos de autor 2022 Pablo Francisco Guevara-Ortiz, Pablo Giovanny Rubio-Arias, José Julián Zúñiga-Velarde, Adriana Estefanía Fernández-Jara
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.