Efficacy of Fluralaner® on canines infested by ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in the Coastal Region of Ecuador. Technical Note

• María Cedeño–Vélez Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• Yolanda Moreira–Valencia Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• Hilary Villavicencio Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• Juan Zambrano–Villacís Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• Víctor Montes–Zambrano Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• María Lugo–Almarza VETMANABA S.A.S. Chone, Manabí, Ecuador
• Carolina Fonseca–Restrepo Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador
• Francisco Angulo–Cubillán Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador - Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Maracaibo, Venezuela

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34455

Keywords: Efficacy, Fluralaner®, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalides felis felis, canines

Abstract

An investigation was carried out at the animal rescue center La Estancia Vieja from Portoviejo, Ecuador, in order to determine the efficacy of Fluralaner® against ticks and fleas in naturally infested canines. Fourteen animals with ectoparasites were selected and divided into two groups of seven individuals each. One group was treated with the ectoparasiticide drug, presented in 125 and 250 mg tablets, with a dose of 25 mg per kg of live weight and administered orally; the other group was maintained as an untreated control. On day zero of the trial, the canines were evaluated to quantify the abundance of ticks and fleas present, as well as at 3, 7 and 14 days post–treatment (DPT). Efficacy was measured as the percentage reduction of specimens in the treated group with respect to the control. The efficacy for day 3 post–treatment was 93.62 and 100 % at 7 and 14 DPT against to Rhipicephalus sanguineus, while against to Ctenocephalides felis felis it was 96.30, 100 and 97.65 %, for three, seven and 14 DPT, respectively. The commercial ectoparasiticide showed high efficacy against ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs in Portoviejo, Ecuador.

References

Beugnet F, Liebenberg J, Halos L. Comparative efficacy of two oral treatments for dogs containing either afoxolaner or fluralaner against Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Dermacentor reticulatus. Vet. Parasitol. [Internet]. 2015; 209(1–2): 142–145. doi: https://doi.org/f695ch

Burgio F, Meyer L, Armstrong R. A comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2016; 9(626)1–6. doi: https://doi.org/gnnbcs

Jongejan F, Crafford D, Erasmus H, Fourie JJ, Schunack B. Comparative efficacy of oral administrated afoxolaner (NexGard™) and fluralaner (Bravecto™) with topically applied permethrin/imidacloprid (Advantix’) against transmission of Ehrlichia canis by infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks to dogs. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2016; 9(348):1–14. doi: https://doi.org/gqg2pf

Saleh MN, Allen KE, Lineberry MW, Little SE, Reichard MV. Ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America: Biology, geographic distribution, and pathogen transmission. Vet. Parasitol. [Internet]. 2021; 294:109392. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xg

Coles TB, Dryden MW. Insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks Infesting dogs and cats. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2014; 7(8):1–10. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xh

Williams H, Zoller H, Roepke RK, Zschiesche E, Heckeroth AR. Fluralaner activity against life stages of ticks using Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ornithodoros moubata in in vitro contact and feeding assays. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2015; 8(90):1–5. doi: https://doi.org/gnnbfs

Kilp S, Ramirez D, Allan MJ. Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner in dogs following a single oral or intravenous administration. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2014; 7(85):1–5. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xk

Dryden MW, Canfield MS, Kalosy K, Smith A, Crevoiserat, McGrady JC, Foley KM, Green K, Tebaldi C, Smith C, Bennett T, Heaney K, Math L, Royal C, Sun F. Evaluation of fluralaner and afoxolaner treatments to control flea populations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in naturally infested dogs in private residences in west central Florida USA. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2016; 9(365):1–11. doi: https://doi.org/gnnbdp

Taenzler J, Wengenmayer C, Williams H, Fourie J, Zschiesche E, Roepke RK, Heckeroth. Onset of activity of fluralaner (BRAVECTO™) against Ctenocephalides felis on dogs. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2014; 7(567)1–4. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xm

Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Fourie LJ, Rugg D, Hellmann K, Snyder DE, Dryden MW. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) 2nd edition: Guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cats. Vet. Parasitol. [Internet]. 2013; 194(1):84–97. doi: https://doi.org/f4xx33

Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología. Anuario Meteorológico Nro. 51–2011 [Internet]. Quito (Ecuador): INAMHI; 2014 [consultado 12 Mar. 2024]. 149 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/r3I1WWn

Ramírez–Barrios RA, Chacín E, Barboza G, Fernández G, Valera Z, Villalobos A, Angulo–Cubillán F. Garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) recolectadas de caninos bajo asistencia veterinaria en Maracaibo, Venezuela. Rev. Cient. FCV–LUZ [Internet]. 2008 [consultado 12 Mar. 2024]; 18(3):267–270. Disponible en: https://goo.su/0QGfODI

Margolis L, Esch GW, Holmes JC, Kuris AM, Schad GA. The use of ecological terms in parasitology (Report of an Ad Hoc committee of the American American Society of Parasitologists). J. Parasitol. [Internet]. 1982; 68(1):131–133. doi: https://doi.org/d2r96t

Rohdich N, Roepke RK, Zschiesche E. A randomized, blinded, controlled and multi–centered field study comparing the efficacy and safety of Bravecto™ (fluralaner) against Frontline™ (fipronil) in flea – and tick–infested dogs. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2014; 7(83):1–5. doi: https://doi.org/gg3vb4

Di Rienzo JA, Casanoves F, Balzarini MG, González L, Tablada M, Robledo CW. InfoStat Versión 2014. Córdoba (Argentina): Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Grupo InfoStat, FCA; 2014.

Taenzler J, Liebenberg J, Roepke RK. Prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs after topical administration of fluralaner spot–on solution. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2016; 9(234):1–3. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xp

Yonetake W, Fujii T, Naito M, Hodge A, Maeder S, Rugg D. Efficacy of a new topical formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner for the control of fleas and ticks infesting cats in Japan. Vet. Parasitol. [Internet]. 2019; 270(Suppl. 1):S12–S18. doi: https://doi.org/g6p2xr

Becskei C, Geurden T, Liebenberg J, Cuppens O, Mahabir SP, Six RH. Comparative speed of kill of oral treatments with Simparica™ (sarolaner) and Bravecto® (fluralaner) against induced infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs. Parasit. Vectors. [Internet]. 2016; 9(103):1–6. doi: https://doi.org/gnnbcm

McTier TL, Six RH, Fourie JJ, Pullins A, Hedges L, Mahabir SP, Myers MR. Determination of the effective dose of a novel oral formulation of sarolaner (Simparica™) for the treatment and month–long control of fleas and ticks on dogs. Vet. Parasitol. [Internet]. 2016. 222:12–17. doi: https://doi.org/f8pqkz