Blood cortisol concentration in response to recurrent manipulation in crossbred Holstein embryo donors

• Gabriela Sofía Garay–Peña Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador
• Andrés Santiago Jácome–Aucay Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador
• Jorge Bolívar Dután–Sanango Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador
• Ermes Ramiro Rodas–Carpio Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador
• Luis Eduardo Ayala–Guanga Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Cuenca, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34316

Keywords: Cortisol, epidural, donors, Holstein, superovulation

Abstract

The neuroendocrine response of the donor was determined by reducing the number of applications of follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH) as a superovulation factor. 8 crossbred Holstein cows were randomly distributed in two treatments (T): T1 (n=4) received a dose of 200 mg of FSH via epidural (EP) on day 4 of the superovulation protocol (SOV), in T2: 300 mg of FSH were administered divided into 8 decreasing doses intramuscularly (IM), on days 4; 5; 6 and 7 of the protocol in the morning and afternoon. The Cortisol concentration was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6.24, 26, 28, 30, 48, 50, 52, 64, 72, 74, 76 and 78 hours (h) of day 4. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and glucose levels were evaluated on day 4 at 05:45; 06:05; 08:00; 10:00 a.m.; 12:00; 5:45 p.m. and 6:05 p.m. Cortisol at 0h was similar in both T: T1 (10.9 ± 0.24 µg·dL^-1) and T2 (10.8 ± 0.33 µg·dL^-1) and reached its highest level at 4h in T1 (15.8 ± 1.39 µg·dL^-1) and at T2 (16.4 ± 0.28 µg·dL^-1) with no difference between T (P>0.05). In the following evaluations, Cortisol decreased to basal levels in the two T. HR at 05:45h showed similar values in T1 (65.3 ± 1.65 pul·min^-1) and in T2 (66.3 ± 1.43 pul·min^-1); however, at 06:05 HR increased in T1 (74.3 ± 1.54 pul·min^-1) and in T2 (84.2 ± 1.73 pul·min^-1) and decreased from 08:00. The same behavior was observed with RF and Glucose. It is concluded that taking the donor to the support sleeve to administer FSH is a stressful factor that increases HR, RF, Cortisol and Glucose, factors that influence the percentage of ovulations in the two T.

References

Kinlein SA, Wilson CD, Karatsoreos IN. Dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function contributes to altered endocrine and neurobehavioral responses to acute stress. Front. Psychiatry. [Internet]. 2015; 6:19–22. doi: https://doi.org/gk8xgt

Collier RJ, Renquist BJ, Xiao Y. A 100–Year Review: Stress physiology including heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. [Internet]. 2017; 100(12):10367–10380. doi: https://doi.org/gcnp5p

Sanmiguel RA, Plazas FA, Trujillo DY, Pérez M del R, Sierra LMP, DiGiacinto A. Requirements for the measurement of invasive and non–invasive stress indicators in animal production. Rev. Inv. Vet. Perú. [Internet]. 2018; 29(1):15–30. doi: https://doi.org/ghp59q

Mpakama T, Chulayo AY, Muchenje V. Bruising in slaughter cattle and its relationship with creatine kinase levels and beef quality as affected by animal related factors. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2014; 27(5):717–725. doi: https://doi.org/f522qq

Bautista VM, Jiménez SP, Meza CD, Ramos TI, Toledo JR. FSH in bovine superovulation. Rev. Bionatura. [Internet]. 2019; 4(1):812–816. doi: https://doi.org/mbcc

Becaluba F. Factores que afectan la superovulación en bovino. [Internet]. Córdoba, Argentina: Sitio Argentino de Producción Animal. 48.–Transplante Embrionario y Clonación. 2007 [consultado 25 Jul 2023]; 18 p. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3NlPPTZ.

Bó GA, Mapletoft RJ. Historical perspectives and recent research on superovulation in cattle. Theriogenol. [Internet]. 2014; 81(1):38–48. doi: https://doi.org/gq4qc9

Costa A, Dasso L. Manejo de Bovinos en Sistemas Productivos: Caracterización de dos estilos de manejo y niveles sanguíneos de cortisol. Rev. Electr. Vet. REDVET [Internet]. 2007; 8(12B):1–8. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/47i7RhX.

Romero M, Sánchez J. Bienestar animal durante el transporte y su relación con la calidad de la carne bovina. Rev. MVZ Córdoba. [Internet]. 2012 [consultado 12 Jun 2023]; 17(1):2936–2944. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/4aIOFNf.

Tadich N, Gallo C, Echeverria R, Schaik G. Efecto del ayuno durante dos tiempos de confinamiento y de transporte terrestre sobre algunas variables sanguíneas indicadoras de estrés en novillos. Arch. Med. Vet. [Internet]. 2003; 35:171–85. doi: https://doi.org/cp4ptj

Castaño FA, Rugeles PC, Betancur CA, Ramírez–López CJ. Impacto del estrés calórico sobre la actividad reproductiva en bovinos y consideraciones para mitigar sus efectos sobre la reproducción. Biosalud. [Internet]. 2014 [consultado 12 Jun 2023]; 13(2):84–94. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/47oEb2R.

Duval F, González F, Rabia H. Neurobiología del estrés. Rev. Chil. Neuro–Psiquiat. [Internet]. 2010; 48(4):307–318. doi: https://doi.org/fjfd

Ratsiri T, Ratchamak R, Chumchai R, Boonkum W, Vongpralub T, Chankitisakul V. A novel route of follicle–stimulating hormone administration with a split–single ischiorectal fossa in Thai–Holstein crossbred superovulation programs under heat stress conditions. Anim. Sci. J. [Internet]. 2021; 92(1):13574. doi: https://doi.org/mbdf

Kimura K. Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel: a novel superovulation method for cattle. J. Reprod. Dev. [Internet]. 2016; 62(5):1–7. doi: https://doi.org/f87q3g

Sakaguchi K, Ideta A, Yanagawa Y, Nagano M, Katagiri S, Konishi M. Effect of a single epidural administration of follicle–stimulating hormone via caudal vertebrae on superstimulation for in vivo and in vitro embryo production in Japanese black cows. Reprod. Dev. [Internet]. 2018; 17(88):1–16. doi: https://doi.org/mbdg

Hoedemaker M, Prange D, Gundelach Y. Body condition change ante– and postpartum, health and reproductive performance in German Holstein Cows. Reprod. Domest. Anim. [Internet]. 2009; 44(2):167–73. doi: https://doi.org/fht8nq

Naranjo–Chacón F, Montiel–Palacios F, Canseco–Sedano R, Ahuja–Aguirre C. Embryo production after superovulation of bovine donors with a reduced number of FSH applications and an increased eCG dose. Theriogenol. [Internet]. 2020; 141:168–72. doi: https://doi.org/mbdh

Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE). Código Sanitario para los Animales Terrestres. 25 ed. Vol. I. Paris: OIE. 2016; 474 p.

Farías–Delgado MG, Zambrano JJ, Jácome–Aucay AS, Dután–Sanango JB, Garay–Peña GS, Ayala–Guanga LE. Efecto de la hormona Folículo–estimulante administrada vía epidural, sobre la respuesta ovárica y el perfil hormonal en vacas Holstein. Rev Científ. Fac. Cien. Vet. [Internet]. 2023; 33(2):1–7. doi: https://doi.org/mbdj

Dután J, Samaniego J, Perea F, Hernández–Fonseca H, Pesántez JL, Jácome A, Garay, G, Ayala, L. Relación de la hormona anti–mülleriana con la cantidad y calidad de ovocitos colectados por aspiración ecoguiada en vaquillas Holstein. Rev Científ. Fac Cien. Vet. [Internet]. 2023; 33(1):1–7. doi: https://doi.org/mbdk

Maidana P, Bruno OD, Mesch V. [A critical analysis of cortisol measurements: an update]. Med. (B. Aires) [Internet]. 2013 [consultado 18 May 2023]; 73(6):579–584. Spanish. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3RNemUx.

Möstl E, Palme R. Hormones as indicators of stress. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2002;23(1–2):67–74. doi: https://doi.org/dk3w95

Sierra CA. Indicadores de bienestar en bovinos del trópico: una visión desde el estrés y el eje hipotalámico pituitario adrenal. Rev. Vet. [Internet]. 2019; 30(2):101. doi: https://doi.org/mbdm

Heinrich M, Müller H, Fieseler H, Steiner A, Gottschalk J, Einspanier A, Spilke J, Mielenz N, Palme R, Baumgartner W, Möbius G, Starke A. [Cortisol concentration before, during and after sham foot trimming in German Holstein cows – the suitability of different matrices]. Tierarztl. Prax. Ausg. G. Grosstiere Nutztiere. [Internet]. 2020; 48(5):291–300. German. doi: https://doi.org/mbdn

Tadich N, Gallo C, Echeverría R, Van Schaik G. Efecto del ayuno durante dos tiempos de confinamiento y de transporte terrestre sobre algunas variables sanguíneas indicadoras de estrés en novillos. Arch. Med. Vet. [Internet]. 2003; 35(2):171–85. doi: https://doi.org/cp4ptj

Uribe–Velásquez LF, Uribe AI, Valencia–Uribe S. Effect of stress due to ultrassonography on plasma cortisol and progesterone (P4) concentrations during oestrous cycle in ewes. Vet. Zootec. [Internet]. 2010 [consultado 15 May 2023]; 4(1):9–15. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3twYLAm.

Macfarlane MS, Breen KM, Sakurai H, Adams BM, Adams TE. Effect of duration of infusion of stress–like concentrations of cortisol on follicular development and the preovulatory surge of LH in sheep. Anim. Reprod. Sci. [Internet]. 2000; 63(3):167–175. doi: https://doi.org/ch3jbf

Cano–Celada JP. Practica 1 Examen Clínico. En: Avila–García J, Cano–Celada JP, Olguín y Bernal A, editores. Manual de prácticas de clínica de los bovinos 1. [Internet]. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 2019 [consultado 20 Jun 2023]; p. 5–25. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3tDfrpO.

Londoño RC, Sánchez MEN, Prada–Sanmiguel GA. Parámetros fisiológicos y valores hematológicos normales en búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) del Magdalena Medio colombiano. Rev. Med. Vet. [Internet]. 2012 [consultado 15 Abr 2023]; (23):51–64 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/48pUkGM.

Unchupaico P, Bazán L, Quispe C, Ancco E. Environmental temperature and its effect on physiological parameters in Nellore cows and crosses under conditions of the Peruvian tropics. Rev. Inv. Vet. Perú. [Internet]. 2020; 31(1):1–7. doi: https://doi.org/gsfktq

Chen Y, Arsenault R, Napper S, Griebel P. Models and methods to investigate acute stress responses in cattle. Anim. [Internet]. 2015; 5(4):1268–1295. doi: https://doi.org/mbdq

Romero– Peñuela MH, Uribe–Velásquez LF, Sánchez–Valencia JA. Biomarcadores de estrés como indicadores de bienestar animal en ganado de carne. Biosalud. [Internet]. 2011 [consultado 22 May 2023]; 10(1):71–87. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3vmtxwb.

Alzina A, Farfán JC, Valencia ER, Yokohama J. Condición ambiental y su efecto en la temperatura rectal y frecuencia respiratoria en bovinos cruzados (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) del estado de Yucatán, México. Rev. Bioméd. [Internet]. 2001 [consultado 24 May 2023]; 12(2):112–121. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/47lZtxS.