Diversity, abundance and dominance of fish species in the Churute River, Ecuador
Abstract
In this research, the diversity of native and introduced species in the Churute River, which crosses the Churute Manglares Ecological Reserve, in Ecuador, was evaluated using an empirical-inductive approach, with a non-experimental cross-explanatory design. The catches were made with cast nets, a traditional fishing technique in the dry season, along the Churute River. Twenty-five sites were sampled, considering 33 sets as fishing effort for each site, and the fish caught were taxonomically classified, counted, and weighed to estimate the ecological indices of richness, abundance, diversity, and dominance in the study area. Twenty fish species (19 native and 1 introduced) distributed in 18 genera of 13 families and 5 orders were identified; the families with the highest number of species were CICHLIDAE with four species, BRYCONIDAE, CHARACIDAE, ELEOTRIDAE and HEPTAPTERIDAE with two species each. Of the identified species, seven qualified as important, with tilapia standing out, an introduced fish with a Relative Importance Index (IRI) of 40,075.58, dominating the sampling sites by 61.13%. It is concluded that tilapia is a dominant species, with reproduction rates higher than the native species present in the Churute River, therefore its presence constitutes a serious threat to the biodiversity of this ecosystem.
Downloads
References
AGUIRRE, W.; ALVAREZ‐MIELES, G.; ANAGUANO‐YANCHA, F.; BURGOS, M.R.; CUCALÓN, R.V.; ESCOBAR‐CAMACHO, D.; JÁCOME-NEGRETE, I.; JIMÉNEZ, P.P.; LAAZ, E.; MIRANDA-TROYA, K.; NAVARRETE-AMAYA, R.; NUGRA, S.F.; REVELO, W.; RIVADENEIRA, J.F.; VALDIVIEZO, R.J.; ZÁRATE, E. Conservation threats and future prospects for the freshwater fishes of Ecuador: A hotspot of Neotropical fish diversity. J. Fish Biol. 99: 1158–1189. 2021.
BURBANO, O.N.; BECERRA, P.S.; PASQUEL, S.E. Introducción a la hidrogeología del Ecuador. Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (INAMHI). Ecuador. 2014. En línea: bit.ly/3GMYDAu. 20/11/2022.
CANONICO, G.C.; ARTHINGTON, A.; MCCRARY, J.K.; THIEME, M.L. The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity. Aquatic Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 15: 463–483. 2005.
CASAL, C.M.V. Global documentation of fish introductions: the growing crisis and recommendations for action. Biol. Invas. 8: 3–11. 2006.
CORTÉS, E. A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 726–738. 1997.
GALARZA, F.V.; QUIÑÓNEZ, G.B. Variación espacial del ensamble de peces en el sistema fluvial de la cuenca media del río Teaone. Gestión Ambiental. 14: 15–21. 2016.
GOZLAN, R.E.; BRITTON, J.R.; COWX, I.; COPP, G.H. Current knowledge on non‐native freshwater fish introductions. J. Fish Biol. 76: 751–786. 2010.
FRICKE, R.; ESCHMEYER, W.N.; VAN DER LAAN, R. Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references. 2023. California Academy of Sciences. USA. En línea: https://bit.ly/3FNIWbe. 22/02/2023.
HILL, M.O. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecol. 54: 427–432. 1973.
HOOPER, D.U.; CHAPIN, F.S.; EWEL, J.J.; HECTOR, A.; INCHAUSTI, P.; LAVOREL, S.; LAWTON, J.H.; LODGE, D.M.; LOREAU, M.; NAEEM, S.; SCHMID, B.; SETÄLÄ, H.; SYMSTAD, A.J.; VANDERMEER, J.; WARDLE, D.A. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol. Monogr. 75: 3–35. 2005.
JÁCOME, J.; QUEZADA, A.C.; SÁNCHEZ, R.O.; PÉREZ, J.E.; NIRCHIO, M. Tilapia en Ecuador: paradoja entre la producción acuícola y la protección de la biodiversidad ecuatoriana. Rev. Peruana Biol. 26(4): 543–550. 2019.
JIMÉNEZ-PRADO, P.; AGUIRRE, W.; LAAZ-MONCAYO, E.; NAVARRETE-AMAYA, R.; NUGRA-SALAZAR, F.; REBOLLEDO-MONSALVE, E.; ZÁRATE-HUGO, E.; TORRES-NOBOA, A.; VALDIVIEZO-RIVERA, J. Ficha de especies. En: Guía de peces para aguas continentales en la vertiente occidental del Ecuador. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Esmeraldas. Pp 80–358. 2015.
JIMÉNEZ-PRADO, P.; VÁSQUEZ, F. Cambios en diversidad y distribución de peces nativos por la presencia de dos especies invasoras en el río Atacames, noroccidente del Ecuador. Acta Biol. Colomb. 26(1): 81–88. 2021.
LEVÊQUE, C.; OBERDORFF, T.; PAUGY, D.; STIASSNY, M.L.J.; TEDESCO, P.A. Global diversity of fish (Pisces) in freshwater. En: Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiology. Balian, E.V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (Eds.). Pp 545–567. 2008.
MAWYIN, A.C. Diversidad y abundancia Ictiofaunística del río Culebra (Guayas–Ecuador). Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Tesis de Grado. 20 pp. 2017.
NAVARRETE-AMAYA, R.; SHERVETTE, V.R.; VÉLEZ, D.; AGUIRRE, W.E. Patrones biogeográficos y taxonómicos de los peces de la vertiente occidental del Ecuador. En: Diversidad de peces en el Ecuador. Jiménez-Prado, P.; Valdiviezo-Rivera, J. (Eds.). Red Ecuatoriana de Ictiología. Pp 22–55. 2021.
NÚÑEZ, H.; TORRES, N.A. Diversidad, abundancia y distribución de peces en el río Bulubulu. Rev. Cientif. Cien. Nat. Ambien. 15(1): 211–227. 2021.
PÉREZ, J.E.; SALAZAR, S.K.; ALFONSI, C.; RUIZ, L. Ictiofauna del río Manzanares: a cuatro décadas de la introducción de la tilapia negra Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. de Venezuela. 42: 29–35. 2003.
PRABU, E.; RAJAGOPALSAMY, C.B.T.; AHILAN, B.; JEEVAGAN, I.J.M.A.; RENUHADEVI, M. Tilapia – An excellent candidate species for world aquaculture: a review. Annual Res. Rev. Biol. 31(3): 1–14. 2019.
RAMSAR SITES INFORMATION SERVICE (RAMSAR). Ramsar sites around the world. 2014. Ramsar Sites Information Service, Ramsar. En línea: https://bit.ly/42Iki5w. 22/02/2023.
REIS, R.E.; ALBERT, J.S.; DI DARIO, F.; MINCARONE, M.M.; PETRY, P.; ROCHA, L.A. Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. J. Fish Biol. 89: 12–47. 2016.
ROJAS, J.R.; RODRÍGUEZ, O. Diversidad y abundancia ictiofaunística del río Grande de Térraba, sur de Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56(3): 1429–1447. 2008.
RUESINK, J.L. Global analysis of factors affecting the outcome of freshwater fish introductions. Conservat. Biol. 19(6): 1883–1893. 2005.
STRAYER, D.L.; DUDGEON, D. Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress and future challenges. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 29(1): 344–358. 2010.
TONKIN, J.D.; ALTERMATT, F.; FINN, D.S.; HEINO, J.; OLDEN, J.D.; PAULS, S.U.; LYTLE, D.A. The role of dispersal in river network metacommunities: Patterns, processes, and pathways. Freshwater Biol. 63(1): 141–163. 2018.
ZAMBRANO, L.; MARTÍNEZ-MEYER, E.; MENEZES, N.; PETERSON, A.T. Invasive potential of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in American freshwater systems. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 63(9): 1903–1910. 2006.
Copyright (c) 2023 Janeth Jácome-Gómez, Ramón Parra, Glenys Andrade de Pasquier, Leonardo Jácome-Gómez, Marco De la Cruz-Chicaiza, Myriam Zambrano-Mendoza, Janeth Intriago-Vera, Miguel Macay Anchundia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.