Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii coinfection in a dog in Ecuador

  • Lorena Elizabeth Chalco-Torres Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
  • Ana Elizabeth Guerrero-López Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
  • Robert Gustavo Sánchez-Prado Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
  • Jhonny Edgar Pérez Rodríguez Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
  • Claudio Oliveira Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional. Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • Juan Antonio Gómez Universidad de Panamá, Departamento de Biología Marina y Limnología, Panamá
  • Fernando Lenin-Aguilar Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
  • Mauro Nirchio-Tursellino Universidad Técnica de Machala. Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
Keywords: Canine ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia ewingii, coinfection, PCR

Abstract

The study of a dog with symptoms of Parvovirus that was positive in immunochromatography tests for Parvovirus and Ehrlichia canis and that was confirmed by PCR as positive for E. canis and E. ewingii was presented. In addition to the interest that this case represents from the clinical point of view, the molecular detection of E. ewingii suggests the presence of this pathogen outside its natural geographic distribution range (Mexico, Guatemala, Guyana, French Guiana, and the United States). Also, it highlights the possibility of conducting molecular studies in local ticks to verify if this was an isolated case in Ecuador or if there was a colonization of E. ewingii in local vectors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABUBAKAR, M.; PERERA, P.K.; IQBAL, A.; MANZOOR, S. Introductory chapter: Ticks and tick-borne pathogens. En: Abubakar, M.; Perera, P.K. (Eds). Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens. Ed. Intechopen Limited, United Kindom, Pp 3–10. 2019.

ANDERSON, B.E.; GREENE, C.E.; JONES, D.C.; DAWSON, J.E. Ehrlichia ewingii sp. nov.: the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Internat. J. Systematic Bacteriol. 42(2): 299–302. 1992.

BAKKEN, J.S.; DUMLER, J.S.; CHEN, S.M.; ECKMAN, M.R.; VAN ETTA, L.L.; WALKER, D.H. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the upper Midwest United States. A new species emerging? J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 272(3): 212–218. 1994.

BREITSCHWERDT, E.B.; HEGARTY, B.C.; QUROLLO, B.A.; SAITO, T.B.; MAGGI, R.G.; BLANTON, L.S.; BOUYER, D.H. Intravascular persistence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii DNA in the blood of a dog and two family members. Parasites Vectors. 7: 298. 2014.

BULLER, R.S.; ARENS, M.; HMIEL, S.P.; PADDOCK, C.D.; SUMNER, J.W.; RIKHISA, Y.; UNVER, A.; GAUDREAULT-KEENER, M.; MANIAN, F.A.; LIDDELL, A.M.; SCHMULEWITZ, N.; STORCH, G.A. Ehrlichia ewingii, a newly recognized agent of human ehrlichiosis. New England J. Med. 341(3): 148–155. 1999.

DUMLER, J.S.; MADIGAN, J.E.; PUSTERLA, N.; BAKKEN, J.S. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 45 (Suppl 1): S45–51. 2007.

DUMLER, J.S.; WALKER, D.H. Ehrlichia chaffeensis (human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis), and other anaplasmataceae. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Inc. Pp 2227–2233. 2014.

ESTRADA-PEÑA, A. Orden Ixodida: Las garrapatas. Rev. IDE@ – SEA. 13: 1–15. 2015.

FOOKS, A.R.; JOHNSON, N. Jet set pets: examining the zoonosis risk in animal import and travel across the European Union. Vet. Med. 6:17–25. 2015.

FRANCO-ZETINA, M.; ADAME-GALLEGOS J.; DZUL-ROSADO, K. Effectivity of diagnostic methods for the detection of human and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Rev. Chilena Infectol. 36(5): 650–655. 2019.

GONZÁLEZ-NAVARRETE, M.; BEZERRA-DA-SILVA, C. Diagnóstico de Ehrlichia canis en perros domiciliados de La Habana, Cuba. Rev. Salud Públ. 41(2): e04.pdf. 2019.

GUSA, A.A.; BULLER, R.S.; STORCH, G.A.; HUYCKE, M.M.; MACHADO, L.J.; SLATER, L.N.; STOCKHAM, S.L.; MASSUNG, R.F. Identification of a p28 gene in Ehrlichia ewingii: evaluation of gene for use as a target for a species-specific PCR diagnostic assay. J. Clinic. Microbiol. 39(11): 3871–3876. 2001

ISMAIL, N.; BLOCH, K.C.; MCBRIDE, J.W. Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Clinics in Lab. Med. 30(1): 261–292. 2010.

LEIVA, M.; NARANJO, C.; PEÑA, M.T. Ocular signs of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study in dogs from Barcelona, Spain. Vet. Ophthalmol. 8(6): 387–393. 2005.

LIDDELL, A.M.; STOCKHAM, S.L.; SCOTT, M.A.; SUMNER, J.W.; PADDOCK, C.D.; GAUDREAULT-KEENER, M.; ARENS, M.Q.; STORCH, G.A. Predominance of Ehrlichia ewingii in Missouri dogs. J. Clinic. Microbiol. 41(10): 4617–4622. 2003.

MANOJ, R.R.S.; MENDOZA-ROLDAN, J.A.; LATROFA, M.S.; REMESAR, S.; BRIANTI, E.; OTRANTO, D. Molecular detection of zoonotic blood pathogens in ticks from illegally imported turtles in Italy. Acta Trop. 222: 106038. 2021.

MCBRIDE, J.W.; CORSTVET, R.E.; GAUNT, S.D.; CHINSANGARAM, J.; AKITA, G.Y.; OSBURN, B.I. PCR detection of acute Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. J. Vet. Diagnostic Investig.: Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc. 8(4): 441–447. 1996.

MOLAEI, G.; ANDREADIS, T.G.; ANDERSON, J. FSTAFFORD, K.C. III. An Exotic Hitchhiker: A Case Report of Importation into Connecticut from Africa of the Human Parasitizing Tick, Hyalomma truncatum (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Parasitol. 104(3): 302–305. 2018.

MOLAEI, G.; MERTINS, J.W.; STAFFORD, K.C. Enduring Challenge of Invasive Ticks: Introduction of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae) into the United States on a Human Traveler Returning from Central America. J. Parasitol. 106(5): 670–674. 2020.

MUÑOZ, L.E.; CASANUEVA, M.E. Present state of the knowledge of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) associated to Canis familiaris l. Gayana. 65(2): 193–210. 2001.

MYLONAKIS, M.E.; KOUTINAS, A.F.; BILLINIS, C.; LEONTIDES, L.S.; KONTOS, V.; PAPADOPOULOS, O.; RALLIS, T.; FYTIANOU A. Evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a comparison between five methods. Vet. Microbiol. 91(2–3): 197–204. 2003.

NDIP, L.M.; NDIP, R.N.; ESEMU, S.N.; DICKMU, V.L.; FOKAM, E.B.; WALKER, D.H.; MCBRIDE, J.W. Ehrlichial infection in Cameroonian canines by Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii. Vet. Microbiol. 111(1–2): 59–66. 2005.

NELSON, R.W.; COUTO, G.C. Enfermedades multisistemicas producidas por rickettsias Medicina interna de pequeños animales. 6a. Ed. Grupo Asís Biomedia S.L. 1608 pp. 2020.

NIJMAN, V. Illegal and Legal Wildlife Trade Spreads Zoonotic Diseases. Trends in Parasitol. 37(5): 359–360. 2021.

OLANO, J.P.; WALKER, D.H. Agents of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vaccines for Biodefense and Emerging and Neglected Diseases. Pp 1–20. 2009.

OTEO, J.A.; BROUQUI, P. Ehrlichiosis y anaplasmosis humanas. En: Enfermed. Infecc. Microbiol. Clínica. 23(6): 375–380. 2005.

PADDOCK, C.D.; LIDDELL, A.M.; STORCH, G.A. Other Causes of Tick-Borne Ehrlichioses, Including Ehrlichia ewingii. In: Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press. Pp 258–267. 2014.

ROTONDANO, T.E. DE F.; DE ALMEIDA, A.M.P.; LUSTOSA E.M.C.; CORDEIRO, A.A.; CAMBOIM, E.K.A.; DE AZEVEDO, S.S.; DE ANDRADE, P.P.; DE MELO, M.A. An assessment of whole blood and fractions by nested PCR as a DNA source for diagnosing canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Scientif. World J. 2012: e605743. 2012:

STRICKLAND, R.K.; GERRISH, R.R.; HOURRIGAN, J.L.; SCHUBERT, G.O. Rickettsial and Rickettsial-like diseases. Ticks of veterinary importance. In: Agriculture handbook no. 485. Washington, D.C. 20402: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Pp 122. 1976.

VARELA, K.; BROWN, J.A.; LIPTON, B.; DUNN, J.; STANEK, D.; BEHRAVESH, C.B.; CHAPMAN, H.; CONGER, T.H.; VANOVER, T.; EDLING, T.; HOLZBAUER, S.; LENNOX, A.M.; LINDQUIST, S.; LOERZEL, S.; MEHLENBACHER, S.; MITCHELL, M.; MURPHY, M.; OLSEN, C.W.; YAGER, C.M. A Review of Zoonotic Disease Threats to Pet Owners: A Compendium of Measures to Prevent Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Non-Traditional Pets Such as Rodents and Other Small Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Backyard Poultry, and Other Selected Animals. En: Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 22(6): 303–360. 2022.

Published
2023-02-11
How to Cite
1.
Chalco-Torres LE, Guerrero-López AE, Sánchez-Prado RG, Pérez Rodríguez JE, Oliveira C, Gómez JA, Lenin-Aguilar F, Nirchio-Tursellino M. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii coinfection in a dog in Ecuador. Rev. Cient. FCV-LUZ [Internet]. 2023Feb.11 [cited 2024Nov.28];33(1):1-. Available from: https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/cientifica/article/view/39664
Section
Veterinary Medicine - Case Report