Evaluation of sports performance in horses of the Silla Argentino breed by plasma lactate concentration on a treadmill

• Diana Franco Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia (UNIAGRARIA), Semillero de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Seguridad Alimentaria. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• Laura Aguirre-Naranjo Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia (UNIAGRARIA), Semillero de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Seguridad Alimentaria. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• Camilo Herrera Policía Nacional de Colombia, Escuela de Equitación Policial “Luis Augusto Tello Sánchez” (ESCEQ). Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• Yuly Rincón Policía Nacional de Colombia, Escuela de Equitación Policial “Luis Augusto Tello Sánchez” (ESCEQ). Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• Angélica Barbosa Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia (UNIAGRARIA), Programa de Medicina Veterinaria. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• Germán Ramírez-Forero Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia (UNIAGRARIA), Programa de Medicina Veterinaria. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
• John Infante Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia (UNIAGRARIA), Programa de Medicina Veterinaria. Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e32129

Keywords: Colombian national police, sports horses, heart rate, lactic acid concentration, physical resistance

Abstract

Assessment of sports performance in equine breed Silla Argentino by measuring the lactate concentration on a treadmill. Physiological constants, and the different calculations that can be extrapolated from blood lactate concentrations, offer information about the health and athletic performance that an elite athlete horse can attain. This study evaluated the athletic performance of jumping horses of the Silla Argentino breed by monitoring their plasma lactate concentration (LAC) and their heart rate (HR) on a commercial treadmill at different inclinations. Fifteen horses from the Police Riding School, located in Bogotá, Colombia, were assessed. Blood and HR samples were taken at rest (0% inclination), during the test (5.5, 10.5, and 15.5% inclination), and during the cooling period. Results showed a baseline value for LAC of 0.43 ± 0.15 mmol·L^-1 and HR of 36 ± 10 beats per minute (bpm). It was evidenced a positive correlation among the variables as the treadmill inclination increased. No significant differences were found for the LAC means (P>0.05), opposite to the comparisons of the HR means (P<0.05). The aerobic threshold for the analyzed population begins at 10.5% elevation in the treadmill with a mean HR of 71 bpm. In conclusion, equines studied from the Silla Argentino jumping breed can maintain, or improve, their athletic performance with the conditions established by the treadmill in speed and inclinations, improving the aerobic threshold.

References

ÁLVAREZ, J. Evaluación fisiológica del lactato como marcador bioquímico utilizado para indicar la intensidad del ejercicio. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Tesis de Grado. Pp 36–59. 2014.

ART, T.; LEKEUX, P. Exercise – induced physiological adjustments to stressful conditions in sport horses. Livest. Prod. Sci. 92(2): 101–111. 2005.

ASOCIACIÓN ARGENTINA DE FOMENTO EQUINO (AAFE). Silla Argentino destacados. 2019. En línea: https://bit.ly/3cYyu53. 24/01/2021.

BOFFI, F. Respuesta y adaptación. Fisiología del ejercicio en equinos. 1ª. Ed. Inter – Medica. Pp 123–132. 2007.

CASTEJÓN, C. Field and treadmill exercise tests in the endurance horse: methodology, measurements and interpretation. Universidad de Córdoba, España. Tesis de Grado. Pp 34–256. 2014.

CHAPARRO, J. Determinación de parámetros fisiológicos frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria y pH sanguíneo de caballos paso fino colombiano en reposo, ejercicio y post ejercicio en la sabana de Bogotá. Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá. Tesis de Grado. Pp 14–18. 2015.

CONTRERAS, M.; CERÓN, J.; MUÑOZ, A.; AYALA, I. Changes in saliva biomarkers during a standardized increasing intensity field exercise test in endurance horses. Anim. 15(6): 100–236. 2021.

COUROUCÉ, A.; CORDE, R.; VALETTE, J.; CASSIAT, G.; HODGSON, D.; ROSE, R. Comparison of some Responses to Exercise on the Track and the Treadmill in French Trotters: Determination of the Optimal Treadmill Incline. The Vet. J. 159(1): 57–63. 2000.

COUROUCÉ, A.; CHRÉTIEN, M.; VALETTE, J. Physiological variables measured under field conditions according to age and state of training in French Trotters. Equine Vet. J. 34(1): 91–97. 2002.

CUNNINGHAM, J. Actividad eléctrica del corazón. Fisiología Veterinaria. 5ta. Ed. Elsevier España S.A. Pp 171–186. 2002.

D’ANGELIS, F.; FERRAZ, G.; BOLELI, I.; LACERDA-NETO, J.; QUEIROZ-NETO, A. Aerobic training, but not creatine supplementation, alters the gluteus medius muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 83(3): 579–585. 2005.

EATON, M.; EVANS, D.; HODGSON, D.; ROSE, R. Effect of treadmill incline and speed on metabolic rate during exercise in thoroughbred horses. J. Appl. Physiol. 79(3): 951–957. 1995.

GUERRERO, P.; PORTOCARREÑO, L.; MUTIS, C.; RAMÍREZ, J. Determinación de frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, lactato deshidrogenasa, creatinkinasa y lactato en caballos durante competencia de salto en la Sabana de Bogotá. Rev. Med. Vet. 17: 37–52. 2009.

HAMMER, O.; HARPER, D.; RYAN, D. Past: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol. Electr. 4(1): 9. 2001.

HAUSS, A.; STABLEIN, C.; FISHER, A.; GREENE, H.; NOUT–LOMAS, Y. Validation of the Lactate Plus Lactate Meter in the horse and its use in a conditioning program. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 34(9): 1064–1068. 2014.

HINCHCLIFF, K.; KANEPS, A.; GEOR, R. Muscle physiology: responses to exercise and training. Medicine and surgery of equine sport, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery Basic and clinical sciences of the equine athlete. 2nd. Ed. Saunders/Elsevier. Pp 69–109. 2014.

LINDNER, A.; MOSEN, H.; KISSENBECK, S.; FUHRMANN, H.; SALLMANN, H. Effect of blood lactate–guided conditioning of horses with exercises of differing durations and intensities on heart rate and biochemical blood variables. J. Anim. Sci. 87(10): 3211–3217. 2009.

MARE, L.; BOSHUIZEN, B.; PLANCKE, L.; MEEUS, C.; BRUIJN, M.; DELESALLE, C. Standardized exercise tests in horses: current situation and future perspectives. Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Belgium. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift. 86(2): 63–70. 2017.

MARTIN, A.; GONZALES, C.; LLOP, F. Presente y futuro del ácido láctico. Rev. AMD. 4(120): 270–284. 2007.

MCGOWAN, C. Clinical pathology in the racing horse: the role of clinical pathology in assessing fitness and performance in the racehorse. The Vet. Clin. North Amer.: Equine Pract. 24(2): 405–421. 2008.

MEJIA, G.; ARIAS, M. Evaluación del estado físico de caballos de salto mediante algunas variables fisiológicas. CES Med. Zoot. 3(2): 31–41. 2008.

MIRIAN, M. Padronização de teste incremental de esforço máximo a campo para cavalos que pratiquem “hipismo clássico”. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Tesis de Grado. Pp 32–60. 2008.

NOGUEIRA, J.; SOUZA, M.; PEREIRA, E.; CUÑA, R.; COELHO, C. Concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase e creatinoquinase e concentrações plasmáticas de lactato em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador após exercício físico. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 49(6): 480–486. 2012.

PICCIONE, G.; MESSINA, V.; CASELLA, S.; GIANNETTO, C.; CAOLA, G. Blood lactate levels during exercise in athletic horses. Comparat. Clin. Pathol.19(6): 535–539. 2010.

PÖSÖ, A. Monocarboxylate transporters and lactate metabolism in equine athletes: a review. Acta Vet. Scand. 43(2): 63–74. 2002.

RIVERO, J.; RUZ, A.; MARTI-KORFF, S.; LINDNER, A. Contribution of exercise intensity and duration to training-linked myosin transitions in Thoroughbreds. Equine Vet. J. 38(Suppl.36): 311–315. 2006.

SERRANO, M.; EVANS, D.; HODGSON, J. Heart rate and blood lactate response during exercise in preparation for eventing competition. Equine Vet. J. 34: 135–139. 2002.

VERGARA, F; TADICH, T. Effect of the Work Performed by Tourism Carriage Horses on Physiological and Blood Parameters. J. Equine Vet. Sci. (35): 213–218. 2015.