Eficacia de los extractos herbales de Punica granatum L. y Matricaria chamomilla L. en la cicatrización de heridas

• Eren Polat Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Elazig, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-1310
• Asiye Ozlem Ates Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elazig, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8486-820X
• Ahmet Selim Ozkan Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elazig, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4955-4889
• Emre Kaya Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Elazig, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-3091
• Ozgur Ozoner Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Siirt, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-0655
• Merve Pekince-Ozoner Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology, Siirt, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-2726
• Nazım Tanrikulu Balikesir Metropolitan Municipality Department of Rural Services BAÇEM, Balikesir, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-4802
• Hakan Serin Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Konya, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-4547

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e362862

Palabras clave: Cicatrización de heridas, Matricaria chamomilla, Punica granatum, rata, modelo de herida excisional

Resumen

Las lesiones dérmicas representan una parte significativa del gasto sanitario a nivel mundial y se producen por diversos factores etiológicos, principalmente el trauma. Por ello, la cicatrización de heridas es uno de los temas más investigados a nivel mundial. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de ungüentos obtenidos a partir de extractos de Punica granatum L. (granada) y Matricaria chamomilla L. (manzanilla) sobre la cicatrización de heridas por segunda intención. En el estudio se utilizaron 42 ratas Sprague Dawley. Se formaron un total de seis grupos experimentales, cada uno compuesto por 7 ratas: grupo control, grupo control sano, grupo de tratamiento con Punica granatum, grupo de tratamiento con Matricaria chamomilla, grupo de combinación Punica granatum + Matricaria chamomilla (Punica granatum + Matricaria chamomilla) y el grupo que recibió una aplicación que contenía aceite de oliva, cera de abeja y vitamina E natural. Se creó un modelo de herida excisional en la espalda de todas las ratas, excepto en el grupo control sano. Los grupos Punica granatum, Matricaria chamomilla y Punica granatum + Matricaria chamomilla recibieron los ungüentos con extractos herbales; el control recibió solución salina al 0,9 %, y el grupo que recibió la mezcla de aceite de oliva, cera de abejas y vitamina E sin extractos. Al final del estudio, el grupo Matricaria chamomilla presentó el porcentaje más alto de cierre de heridas y cambio de perímetro de la herida, mientras que el grupo Punica granatum tuvo los valores más bajos (P < 0,05). En cuanto a la puntuación  histopatológica,  los  grupos  Punica  granatum y Matricaria chamomilla obtuvieron los mejores resultados, aunque sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos (P > 0,05). Los parámetros de estrés oxidativo, excepto la superóxido dismutasa, mostraron que los grupos tratados se acercaban más al control sano que al control. En conclusión, la Matricaria chamomilla demostró ser más efectiva que la Punica granatum en la cicatrización de heridas y se considera una opción más adecuada para uso clínico.

Citas

Baktır G. Wound repair and experimental wound models. Experimed. [Internet]. 2019; 9(3):130-137. doi: https://doi.org/gp3xn4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2019.19023

Polat E, Karademir K, Cevik HN, Başar C, Kaya E, Ozoner O, Pekince-Ozoner M. Effect of Microcurrent Electrical Therapy on Healing of Excisional Skin Wounds. Rev. MVZ Cordoba. [Internet]. 2025; 30(2):e3681. doi: https://doi.org/qsm3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.3681

Polat E. Infected Chronic and İnjured Dog Henna (Lawsonia inermis) Therapeutic Use of Plants. Harran Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. [Internet]. 2014 [cited 13 Sept 2025]; 3(2):93-97. Available in: https://goo.su/pUAzft

Parsak CK, Sakman G, Çelik U. Wound Healing, Wound Care and Its Complications. Arşiv. Kainak Tarama Derg. [Internet]. 2007 [cited 12 Sept 2025]; 16(2):145-159. Available in: https://goo.su/xPadG

Niknam S, Tofighi Z, Faramarzi MA, Abdollahifar MA, Sajadi E, Dinarvand R, Toliyat T. Polyherbal Combination for Wound Healing: Matricaria chamomilla L. and Punica granatum L. Daru. J. Pharm. Sci. [Internet]. 2021; 29(1):133-145. doi: https://doi.org/gjxh52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-021-00392-x

Murthy KNC, Reddy VK, Veigas JM, Murthy UD. Study on Wound Healing Activity of Punica granatum Peel. J. Med. Food. [Internet]. 2004; 7(2):256-259. doi: https://doi.org/cvx47w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/1096620041224111

Sucharitha PAM, Poojitha M, Sravani B, Ganga PSL, Sai- Teja K, Chandana M, Kalpana S, Kumar SN. Preparation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Herbal Ointment. Int. J. Curr. Innov. Adv. Res. [Internet]. 2025; 8(2): 1-5. doi: https://doi.org/qsm4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47957/ijciar.v8i2.196

Cukjati D, Rebersek S, Miklavcic C. A reliable method of determining wound healing rate. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. [Internet]. 2001; 39:263-271. doi: https://doi.org/fg7rhx DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344811

Greenhalgh DG, Sprugel KH, Murray MJ, Ross R. PDGF and FGF Stimulated Healing in the Genetically Diabetic Mouse. Am. J. Pathol. [Internet]. 1990 [cited 30 Jun 2025]; 136(6):1235-1246. Available in: https://goo.su/ZKcnSZ

Bancroft JD, Layton C. The Hematoxylins and Eosin. In: Suvarna SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD, eds. Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 7th ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2013 [cited 15 Sept 2025]. p. 173-186. Available in: https://goo.su/2IZsU DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-4226-3.00010-X

Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. Estimation of Products of Lipid Peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in Biochemical Systems. Anal. Biochem. [Internet]. 1966; 16(2):359-364. doi: https://doi.org/b96rpj DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90167-9

Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A New and Rapid Colorimetric Determination of Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. [Internet]. 1961; 7(2):88-95. doi: https://doi.org/fwdkkz DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9

Aebi H. Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol. [Internet]. 1984; 105:121-126. doi: https://doi.org/dnf7v9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3

Beutler E. Red Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods. 2nd ed. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1975.

Sun Y, Oberly LW, Li Y. Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase. Clin. Chem. [Internet]. 1988 [cited 27 Jul 2025]; 34(3):497-500. Available in: https://goo.su/eygPt DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.3.497

Sumbuloglu K, Sumbuloglu V. Biostatistics. 19th ed. Ankara: Hatiboglu Publishing; 2019.

Diniz FR, Maia RCAP, de Andrade LRM, Andrade LN, Chaud MV, da Silva CF, Corrêa CB, de Albuquerque-Junior RLC, da Costa LP, Shin SR, Hassan S, Sánchez-López E, Souto EB, Severino P. Silver Nanoparticles-Composing Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel İmproves Wound Healing in vivo. Nanomaterials. [Internet]. 2020; 10(2):390. doi: https://doi.org/gn725j DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020390

Gethin G, Grocott P, Probst S, Clarke E. Current Practice in the Management of Wound Odour: An International Survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. [Internet]. 2014; 51(6):865-874. doi: https://doi.org/f55qxr DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.013

Hayouni EA, Miled K, Boubaker S, Bellasfar Z, Abedrabba M, Iwaski H, Oku H, Matsui T, Limam F, Hamdi M. Hydroalcoholic Extract-Based Ointment from Punica granatum L. Peels with Enhanced In vivo Healing Potential on Dermal Wounds. Phytomedicine. [Internet]. 2011; 18(11):976-984. doi: https://doi.org/c34697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.02.011

Yassue-Cordeiro PH, Zandonai CH, Genesi BP, Lopes PS, Sanchez-Lopez E, Garcia ML, Fernandes-Machado NRC, Severino P, Souto EB, Ferreira da Silva C. Development of chitosan/Silver Sulfadiazine/Zeolite Composite Films for Wound Dressing. Pharmaceutics. [Internet]. 2019; 11(10):535. doi: https://doi.org/qsnq DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11100535

do Nascimento MF, Cardoso JC, Santos TS, Tavares LA, Pashirova TN, Severino P, Souto EB, Albuquerque- Junior RLC. Development and Characterization of Biointeractive Gelatin Wound Dressing Based on Extract of Punica granatum L. Pharmaceutics. [Internet]. 2020; 12(12):1204. doi: https://doi.org/qsqw DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121204

Junker JP, Caterson EJ, Eriksson E. The Microenvironment of Wound Healing. J. Craniofac. Surg. [Internet]. 2013; 24(1):12-16. doi: https://doi.org/f4nxvq DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e31827104fb

Kazemian H, Ghafourian S, Sadeghifard N, Houshmandfar R, Badakhsh B, Taji A, Shavalipour A, Mohebi R, Ebrahim- Saraie HS, Houri H, Heidari H. In vivo Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum Nobile). Infect. Disord. Drug Targets. [Internet]. 2018; 18(1):41-45. doi: https://doi.org/gc77d4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871526516666161230123133

Nayak SB, Raju S, Rao VC. Wound Healing Activity of Matricaria recutita L. Extract. J. Wound Care. [Internet]. 2007; 16(7):298-302. doi: https://doi.org/qsq2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2007.16.7.27061

Drummond EM, Harbourne N, Marete E, Jacquier J, O’Riordan D, Gibney ER. An In Vivo Study Examining the Anti-İnflammatory Effects of Chamomile, Meadowsweet, and Willow Bark in a Novel Functional Beverage. J. Diet. Suppl. [Internet]. 2013; 10(4):370-380. doi: https://doi.org/qsq4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2013.830680

Duman F, Ocsoy I, Kup FO. Chamomile Flower Extract- Directed CuO Nanoparticle Formation for Its Antioxidant and DNA Cleavage Properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. [Internet]. 2016; 60:333-338. doi: https://doi.org/f78hgs DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.052

Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Bijak M, Saluk J, Ponczek MB, Zbikowska HM, Nowak P, Tsirigotis-Maniecka M, Pawlaczyk I. Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Effects of Matricaria chamomilla Polyphenolic–Polysaccharide Conjugates. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. [Internet]. 2015; 72:1152-1158. doi: https://doi.org/f7ftc7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.032

Srivastava JK, Pandey M, Gupta S. Chamomile, a Novel and Selective COX-2 İnhibitor With Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Life Sci. [Internet]. 2009; 85(19-20):663-669. doi: https://doi.org/fjkds3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2009.09.007

Rummun N, Somanah J, Ramsaha S, Bahorun T, Neergheen-Bhujun VS. Bioactivity of Nonedible Parts of Punica granatum L.: A Potential Source of Functional Ingredients. Int. J. Food Sci. [Internet]. 2013; 2013:602312. doi: https://doi.org/gb64kz DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/602312

Rahimi HR, Arastoo M, Ostad SN. A comprehensive review of Punica granatum (pomegranate) properties in toxicological, pharmacological, cellular, and molecular biology researches. Iran J. Pharm. Res. [Internet]. 2012 [cited 13 Jul 2025]; 11(2):385-400. Available in: https://goo.su/wafAr

Jarrahi M. An Experimental Study of the Effects of Matricaria chamomilla Extract on Cutaneous Burn Wound Healing in Albino Rats. Nat. Prod. Res. [Internet]. 2008; 22(5):422-427. doi: https://doi.org/d8nrph DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701591713

Lukiswanto BS, Miranti A, Sudjarwo SA, Primarizky H, Yuniarti WM. Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Whole Fruit Extract on Skin Burn Wound in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. [Internet]. 2019; 6(2):202-207. doi: https://doi.org/gk7sv4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.f333