Factores de riesgo en la presencia de Leucemia Felina
Resumen
El presente artículo analiza la asociación entre el virus de Leucemia felina (ViLeF) con varios factores de riesgo y su predicción en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, mediante el empleo de una prueba de inmunoensayo ELISA para detectar la presencia del virus en una muestra de 90 gatos de diferentes zonas de la ciudad. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos, se desarrollaron tablas de contingencia y árboles de decisión. Una vez determinadas las frecuencias relativas de los animales positivos a ViLeF, se encontró que los factores estudiados no estuvieron asociados a la presencia de la enfermedad. Los resultados revelan una prevalencia del 9% para ViLeF en la población estudiada, datos consistentes con estudios previos a nivel regional e internacional. Se identificaron que variables como la edad del gato, la densidad poblacional en el hogar, la zona urbana son factores influyentes en la seropositividad al virus. El análisis a través del árbol de decisiones, permitió determinar que la probabilidad de presentar la enfermedad aumenta si se combinan algunos de estos factores estudiados. Así, los gatos machos adultos que salen al exterior y conviven con más de una gato en el hogar mostraron mayor probabilidad a enfermarse. De la misma manera cuando se combina la falta de vacunación en un gato joven, en un hábitat con más de un gato, en la zona urbana, el riesgo es muy alto, incluso si el animal vive dentro de casa.
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