La calidad higiénica de la leche cruda destinada al consumo humano en Argelia: Metaanálisis

• Nadjah Guergueb University of Batna 1, Department of Veterinary Medicine. Batna, Algeria - University of Biskra, Department of Agricultural Sciences. Biskra, Algeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34301

Palabras clave: Leche de vaca, leche de camello, leche de cabra, leche de oveja, bacterias aeróbicas totales

Resumen

El objetivo principal de este artículo fue llevar a cabo un meta–análisis para estimar la calidad higiénica de la leche cruda destinada al consumo humano y posteriormente identificar los factores de riesgos relativos que pueden afectar la calidad de la leche en Argelia. Se utilizaron modelos de metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios ponderados para analizar los datos en este estudio. Se obtuvieron un total de 4.685 resultados del muestreo de 61 estudios incluidos, que investigaron la calidad bacteriana de la leche cruda en 35/48 provincias de Argelia, desde 2009 hasta 2022. En este metaanálisis, el nivel promedio de contaminación por Bacterias Mesófilas Aerobias Totales (TAMB) fue de 5,84 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1, IC del 95 % [5,55–6,13]. El valor de P fue 0,001. La prueba I² indica la presencia de una heterogeneidad estadística sustancial entre los estudios (I²=86,26 %, P<0,001). No se observó sesgo significativo de publicación utilizando los gráficos de embudo y la prueba de Egger (P=0,885). En este artículo, los valores de TAMB no diferían significativamente entre especies (P>0,05). El nivel promedio de contaminación (TAMB) fue más bajo en las muestras de leche recogidas de ordeño individual y de tanques de granja (4,57 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1 y 5,89 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1, respectivamente), en comparación con aquellos registrados en muestras de leche recogidas de recolectores, lecherías y ventas (6,59 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1, 6,60 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1 y 6,74 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1, respectivamente). El nivel de TAMB fue más alto durante el verano y la primavera (6,80 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1 y 6,70 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1), en comparación con el invierno y el otoño (4,27 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1 y 5,64 log₁₀ UFC·mL^-1).

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