Complicaciones Cardiovasculares asociadas a infección por SARS-CoV-2. Revisión Sistemática

• María Vásquez-Guillén Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-3986
• Andrea Vásquez-Guillén Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-2317
• Javier Alejandro Inglessis-Aguilar Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Servicio Cardiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-6359
• Mike Contreras Universidad Federal de Goiás. Campus Colemar Natal e Silva. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica. Área de imunologia. Goiânia-Goiás. Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9899-5306
• Yenddy Carrero Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Carrera de Medicina. Campus Ingahurco. Ambato-Tungurahua. Ecuador http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-4468

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56903/kasmera.5137658

Palabras clave: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, complicaciones, miocarditis, coagulación

Resumen

El COVID-19 es una enfermedad que ha afectado a la población mundial, convirtiéndose en una de las peores pandemias de nuestra generación, representando un reto social y sanitario sin precedentes; afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio, sin embargo, diversos estudios han demostrado el compromiso cardiovascular, generando preocupación, que se traduce en una mayor vulnerabilidad en los pacientes con patologías cardiovasculares subyacentes. Se ha establecido que la presencia de comorbilidades, como hipertensión, diabetes y enfermedad arterial coronaria, se asocian con tasas de mortalidad elevadas, afectando a pacientes cardiovasculares crónicos y causando alteraciones cardiovasculares en pacientes sin antecedentes, por lo cual es necesario el monitoreo de biomarcadores cardíacos para un mejor abordaje de la enfermedad. Estudios clínicos han evidenciado que la patología cardiovascular que principalmente se asocia al COVID-19 es la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), que se manifiesta con un aumento en los niveles de troponina, miopericarditis, shock cardiogénico, lesión cardíaca aguda, trastornos de coagulación y trombosis, arritmias, además del síndrome coronario agudo y la enfermedad de Kawasaki. Este artículo es una revisión de las complicaciones cardíacas asociadas al COVID-19 y sus posibles mecanismos de acción, que permitan un mejor entendimiento por parte del personal médico y de salud (PROSPERO ID 316364)

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