Evaluación histopatológica de los efectos de la aplicación sistémica de Ranelate de Estroncio en la curación ósea tras injerto de defecto tibial
Resumen
Este estudio evaluó los efectos de diferentes dosis de ranelato de estroncio combinadas con un injerto óseo xenogénico desproteinizado de origen bovino sobre la cicatrización ósea en un modelo de defecto en ratas. Treinta y cinco ratas Sprague Dawley hembra fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cinco grupos (n = 7). El grupo control sano no recibió tratamiento. En los demás grupos se creó un defecto estandarizado de 4 mm × 4 mm en la región metafisaria de la tibia. El grupo con defecto no recibió tratamiento adicional. En el grupo defecto–injerto, el defecto se rellenó con el injerto óseo. En los grupos defecto– injerto + estroncio, además del injerto, se administró ranelato de estroncio por vía oral a dosis de 450 mg/kg o 900 mg/kg, tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas. Al final del período experimental, todas las ratas fueron eutanasiadas y los tejidos óseos se procesaron para análisis histológico. La normalidad de los datos se evaluó mediante las pruebas de Shapiro–Wilk y Kolmogorov–Smirnov. Dado que los datos no siguieron una distribución normal, las comparaciones entre grupos se realizaron con la prueba de Kruskal–Wallis y la prueba U de Mann–Whitney como análisis post hoc. Los valores medios del defecto horizontal fueron 0 en el grupo control sano, 716,86 en el grupo con defecto, 658,57 en el grupo defecto–injerto, 604,57 en el grupo defecto–injerto dosis 1 y 598,86 en el grupo dosis 2. Los valores medios verticales fueron 0 en el grupo sano, 575,14 en el grupo con defecto, 596,43 en el grupo defecto– injerto, 569 en el grupo dosis 1 y 503,29 en el grupo dosis 2. En conclusión, el ranelato de estroncio mostró un efecto positivo sobre la cicatrización ósea, especialmente cuando se combinó con injerto, observándose una diferencia significativa entre el grupo con defecto y el grupo de dosis alta.
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