Análisis fitoquímico, cromatografía / espectrometría de masas, eficacia antioxidante, antiinflamatoria y analgésica de extractos de partes aéreas de Origanum majorana L. recolectados en el noreste de Argelia

• Ahlem Karbab Setif-1 University Ferhat Abbas, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry. Setif-1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-1428
• Noureddine Charef Setif-1 University Ferhat Abbas, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry. Setif-1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-578X
• Salima Amari Setif-1 University Ferhat Abbas, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry. Setif-1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1860-2229
• Areej Jaber Al–Ahliyya Amman University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center. Amman, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-1858
• Ayat Siedat University of Jordan, Department of Chemistry. Amman, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8851-2470
• Alaa Sanabrah Al–Ahliyya Amman University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center. Amman, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-375X
• Solomon Derese University of Nairobi, Department of Chemistry. Nairobi, Kenya. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-3583

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35674

Palabras clave: Origanum majorana L, análisis fitoquímico, toxicidad, actividad antiinflamatoria, actividad analgésica

Resumen

Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) se ha prescrito en la medicina popular con fines terapéuticos para tratar cáncer, el asma, el mareo, el reumatismo y enfermedades inflamatorias. Aquí se evalúa por primera vez los extractos de decocción (DecE) e hidroetanólico (HEE) de la parte aérea de la O. majorana. Se analizó el potencial antioxidante, antiinflamatorio y analgésico mediante análisis fitoquímico (LC–MS/MS). El análisis LC–MS/ MS identificó 17 componentes en los extractos. Los principales compuestos detectados en la parte aérea de O. majorana incluyen ácido rosmarínico (≥ 50 %), ácido elágico (≥ 20 %), indometacina, flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, benzopirona, hidroquinonas y ácido indolil acético. Ambos extractos mostraron potentes efectos antioxidantes en diversos modelos de ensayo antioxidante. Mediante el ensayo de desnaturalización de proteínas de huevo, ambos extractos vegetales mostraron un alto efecto antiinflamatorio in vitro, del orden del 86.91 ± 0.00 % para DecE y del 85.04 ± 0.00 % para HEE (1.4 mg·mL-1). La medición de toxicidad aguda no reveló mortalidad ni cambios en el comportamiento durante el período de prueba, lo que confirmó la no toxicidad de ambos extractos con una DL50 > 2 g·kg-1. Los efectos antiinflamatorios in vivo resultaron estadísticamente significativos (P<0.05), reduciendo la respuesta edematosa en un 78.40 ± 2.52 % y un 77.36 ± 3.88 % en DecE y HEE, respectivamente. Además, a una dosis de 400,0 mg·kg-1, ambos extractos mostraron una actividad analgésica significativa (P<0.05) contra la constricción abdominal inducida por ácido acético en ratones, con índices de inhibición del 78.54 ± 3.30 % para DecE y del 66.99 ± 1.34 % para HEE. Los resultados indican que los extractos de la parte aérea de O. majorana tienen potentes efectos antiinflamatorios y podrían tener beneficios potenciales para la salud.

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