Resistencia antibiótica en bacterias cultivables aisladas del cangrejo Ucides occidentalis en el mayor manglar del Perú
Resumen
La resistencia antibiótica es un problema mundial que afecta a diversos ecosistemas, incluidos los manglares. El cangrejo de manglar Ucides occidentalis es el crustáceo más explotado para consumo humano en manglares de Perú y Ecuador. Por ello, se debe monitorear la presencia de bacterias resistentes a antibióticos, para proteger la salud de los consumidores. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la resistencia antibiótica en cepas bacterianas cultivables aisladas de U. occidentalis en el manglar de Tumbes, el mayor del Perú. Se recolectaron 30 cangrejos, que fueron sacrificados y se extrajo muestras de su hepatopáncreas, intestino y hemolinfa, se sembraron en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa soya. Las colonias se subcultivaron hasta cepas puras, que se identificaron molecularmente y se evaluó su resistencia contra 12 antibióticos. Como resultado se aislaron 35 cepas bacterianas de los géneros: Vibrio (17), Bacillus (9), Staphylococcus (4), Enterobacter (2), además de Exiguobacterium, Halomonas y Priestia (una cada uno). El 59,4 % de las cepas fueron resistentes hasta 4 antibióticos. Los géneros de mayor a menor resistencia a antibióticos fueron Enterobacter (100 % de sus cepas), Vibrio (70,6 %), Staphylococcus (50 %) y Bacillus (33,3 %). Las cepas fueron más resistentes a estreptomicina (40,7 %) y azitromicina (29,6 %), antibióticos empleados en clínica humana. Cuatro cepas de Vibrio spp., una de Staphylococcus epidermidis y una de Enterobacter cloacae resultaron multirresistentes. La mayoría son potencialmente patógenas y resistentes a antibióticos, por lo que constituyen un riesgo para los cangrejos y sus consumidores; por ello, se recomienda cocerlos bien para eliminar las bacterias que albergan.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Paúl Campaña–Maza, Nicole Vergara-Alfaro, Enedia Vieyra–Peña, Héctor Sánchez–Suárez, Marco Zapata-Cruz, Carlos Zamora-Gutiérrez, Auberto Hidalgo–Mogollón, Pedro Masías, Robert Peralta–Otero, Alberto Ordinola–Zapata
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