Examen de la producción de carne, leche y huevos en Turquía mediante modelos de Tendencias
Resumen
El aumento de la demanda mundial de productos animales debido al crecimiento de la población mundial pone de relieve la necesidad de tomar medidas importantes en la cría de animales. Comprender el impacto de los avances en la cría de animales sobre la producción de productos de origen animal, ayudaría a identificar las deficiencias del sector y a desarrollar futuras estrategias. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar las variaciones de los indicadores de productos animales en Turkia teniendo en cuenta las diferencias entre especies y razas mediante el análisis de tendencias. El conjunto de datos abarca datos de 1991 a 2019 para la producción de leche y de 2001 a 2023 para la producción de huevos, carne roja y carne blanca, obtenidos del Instituto Turco de Estadística. Para determinar las tendencias en las series temporales de los parámetros de los productos animales se emplearon la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Kendall (MMK) modificada, la prueba de tendencia innovadora de Sen (ST), la prueba rho de Spearman (SR), la prueba de Wald-Wolfowitz (WW), la prueba de tendencia de Cox-Stuart (CS) y la prueba de distribución robusta de rango y orden (RR). Para identificar puntos de cambio significativos en las series temporales, se utilizó la prueba de Pettitt. Los resultados de las pruebas SR y MMK revelaron la presencia de tendencias al alza en la producción de carne roja de Bovino, Ovino, Búfalo y Caprino; la producción de carne blanca; la producción de huevos; así como la producción de leche de Ovino (Merino), Caprino (Negro de Anatolia), Bovino (Lechero) y Bovino (Cruzado). Además, se observó una tendencia creciente en la prueba SR para la producción de leche de Cabra (Negra de Anatolia), Vacuno (Doméstico) y Búfalo. Con los métodos ST y CS se identificaron tendencias al alza en la producción de carne roja de vacuno, ovino y caprino; en la producción de carne blanca; y en la producción de huevos. Los resultados sugieren que los incentivos y las políticas económicas, así como las enfermedades, son factores significativos de las tendencias en la cría de animales. Por lo tanto, el incremento de incentivos y politicas para la cria animal y la expansion de cooperativas son de importancia para soportar las practicas de cria animal.
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