Efectos hepatoprotectores de la Silimarina en la aflatoxicosis experimental en pollos de engorde

• Keleş Ömer Faruk Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology. Van, Türkiye
• Zübeyir Huyut Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry. Van, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35515

Palabras clave: Aflatoxicosis, antioxidantes, pollo de engorde, histopatología, Silimarina

Resumen

La aflatoxicosis es una micotoxicosis causada por aflatoxinas en animales y humanos. La aflatoxicosis provoca importantes pérdidas económicas en los animales y representa una amenaza para la salud humana. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto protector de la Silimarina, con propiedades antioxidantes, contra la aflatoxicosis en pollos de engorde. Treinta y dos pollos de engorde fueron divididos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos experimentales: control, tratados con Silimarina, tratados con Aflatoxina–B₁ (AFB₁) y tratados con AFB₁+Silimarina. Los pollos en los grupos control y tratados con Silimarina fueron alimentados con una dieta sin aflatoxina. Los grupos AFB₁ y AFB₁+Silimarina recibieron aproximadamente 1 mg de aflatoxina/pollo/total durante veintiún días. El grupo AFB₁+Silimarina también recibió 10 g de Silimarina por kg de alimento como dieta suplementaria durante 21 días. Desde un punto de vista bioquímico, los niveles hepáticos y séricos de TAS, SOD, GSH–Px, CAT y BcL–2 en el grupo AFB₁ fueron inferiores al control, mientras que los niveles séricos de TOS y los niveles de Caspasa–3 en suero e hígado fueron altos (P<0,001). Además, en el grupo AFB₁+Silimarina, los valores de GSH–Px, SOD y BcL–2 en hígado y suero, y los valores de CAT en suero fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo AFB₁ (P<0,001). También, en el grupo AFB₁+Silimarina, hubo un ligero aumento en el nivel de CAT en las muestras de hígado en comparación con el grupo AFB₁ (P>0,05). Además, los niveles de TOS y Caspasa–3 en suero e hígado en el grupo AFB₁+Silimarina fueron bajos, mientras que los niveles de BcL–2 en suero fueron significativamente más altos en comparación con el grupo AFB₁ (P<0,001). Patológicamente, los hígados eran más grandes y pálidos en el grupo AFB1. En términos histopatológicos, se observaron degeneración hidrópica/vacuolar difusa y fibrosis caracterizada por la activación de células miofibroblásticas perisinusoidales (células de Ito) en el grupo AFB₁. Estos cambios morfológicos se redujeron significativamente en el grupo AFB₁+Silimarina. Estos hallazgos indican que la Silimarina, con su fuerte efecto antioxidante, puede ser eficaz contra la aflatoxicosis en la prevención del daño hepático en pollos de engorde.

Citas

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