Caracterización morfológica de ovejas en la provincia de Djelfa (Argelia)

• Sahraoui Harkat University of Blida 1, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA). Algeria
• Abbas Laoun University of Djelfa, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences. Algeria
• Benalia Yabrir University of Djelfa, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences. Algeria
• Mohamed Lafri University of Blida 1, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA). Algeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34496

Palabras clave: Oveja, caracteres morfológicos, Análisis PCA, Djelfa

Resumen

La caracterización morfológica de los recursos genéticos animales es un enfoque fundamental para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en los países en desarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar morfológicamente las ovejas de la provincia de Djelfa, una región destacada en la ganadería ovina en Argelia. Después de evaluar 396 ovejas, incluidos 32 carneros, y analizar 34 parámetros, incluidos 19 cuantitativos, Se encontró que las ovejas de esta región se caracterizan por su color blanco, con miembros posteriores manchados de color leonado, pigmentación alrededor de las fosas nasales y orejas caídas que no sobrepasan las comisuras labiales, así como una cola fina y larga que se extiende más allá del corvejón. Las ovejas se caracterizan por una forma corporal larga y eumétrica, con un perfil subcóncavo a recto a lo largo de la línea dorsal y un vellón semi–invasor con pigmentación alrededor de la ubre. Los carneros, por otro lado, tienen cuernos, forma corporal hipermétrica, con un perfil recto del hocico y un vellón invasor con pigmentación alrededor del escroto y el prepucio. El análisis de datos cuantitativos mediante PCA y análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos (HCA) reveló la presencia de un grupo de tamaño pequeño en las regiones occidentales de Djelfa y un grupo de tamaño grande en las regiones orientales. Esta diversidad morfológica es resultado de la compleja interacción de factores biológicos, ambientales y económicos.

Citas

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Phenotypic characterization of Animal Genetic Resources [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 2012 [cited 28 May 2024]. 158 p. Available in: https://goo.su/URT2N8C

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Origines et histoire de la diversité des animaux d’élevage [Origins and history of livestock diversity]. In: Rischkowsky B, Pilling D, editors. L’état des ressources zoogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture dans le monde [The state of the world’s animal genetic resources for food and agriculture] [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 2008 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 5–20. French. Available in: https://goo.su/Q4kCin

Harkat S, Laoun A, Belabdi I, Benali R, Outayeb D, Payet–Duprat N, Blanquet V, Lafri M, Da Silva A. Assessing patterns of genetic admixture between sheep breeds: Case study in Algeria. Ecol. Evol. [Internet]. 2017; 7(16): 6404–6412. doi: https://doi.org/gbxrq9

Chellig R. Les races ovines algériennes [Algerian sheep breeds]. Algeria: Office des Publications Universitaires; 1992. 80 p. French.

Gaci D, Huguenin J, Kanoun M, Boutonnet JP, Abdelkrim H. Nouvelles mobilités pastorales: cas des éleveurs d’ovins de la wilaya de Djelfa, Algérie [New pastoral movements: the case of sheep herders in Djelfa Wilaya, Algeria]. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. [Internet]. 2021; 74(1):3–11. French. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx3

Yabrir B, Laoun A, Chenouf NS, Mati A. Caractéristiques des élevages ovins de la steppe centrale de l’Algérie en relation avec l’aridité du milieu: cas de la wilaya de Djelfa [Characteristics of sheep farms in middle Algerian area steppe in relationship with the aridity of the environment: case of the region of Djelfa]. Livestock Research for Rural Development. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 12 Jun. 2024]; 27(10): 27207. Available in: https://goo.su/AVtSJz

Craplet C, Thibier M. Le mouton: productions, reproduction, génétique, alimentation, maladies [Sheep: production, reproduction, genetics, feeding, diseases]. 4th ed. Paris: Vigot Frères; 1980. 560 p. French.

Wilson RT, Durkin JW. Age at permanent incisor eruption in indigenous goats and sheep in semi–arid Africa. Livest. Prod. Sci. [Internet]. 1984; 11(4):451–455. doi: https://doi.org/cnq3kk

R Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 26 Mar. 2024]; Available in: https://goo.su/LkiIaQ

Benyoucef MT, Madani T, Abbas K. Systèmes d’élevage et objectifs de sélection chez les ovins en situation semi–aride algérienne [Livestock breeding systems and selection objectives in sheep in semi–arid Algerian conditions]. In: Gabiña D, editor. Analysis and definition of the objectives in genetic improvement programmes in sheep and goats. An economic approach to increase their profitability [Internet]. Zaragoza (Spain): CIHEAM (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens); 2000 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 101–109. French. Available in: https://goo.su/vwzgS

Kanoun M, Kanoun A, Baira M, Ziki B. Les produits de l’élevage ovins steppiques: cas des agneaux de Djelfa [Products from steppe sheep farming: the case of Djelfa lambs]. In: Olaizola A, Boutonnet JP, Bernués A, editors. Mediterranean livestock production: uncertainties and opportunities [Internet]. Zaragoza (Spain): CIHEAM / CITA / CITA (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens); 2008 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 211–217. French. Available in: https://goo.su/JTCY

Sagne J, D’arces PJ. L’Algérie pastorale, ses origines, sa formation, son passé, son présent, son avenir [Pastoral Algeria, its origins, its formation, its past, its present, its future]. Algeria: Fontana; 1950. 261 p.

Khelifi Y. Les productions ovines et caprines dans les zones steppiques algériennes [Sheep and goat production in the Algerian steppe zones]. In: Rubino R, Morand–Fehr P, editors. Systems of sheep and goat production: Organization of husbandry and role of extension services [Internet]. Zaragoza (Spain): CIHEAM (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens); 1999 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 245–247. French. Available in: https://goo.su/dXPN

Djaout A, Afri–Bouzebda F, Cheklal F, El–Bouyahiaoui R, Rabhi A, Boubekeur A. Biodiversity state of Algerian sheep breeds. Genet. Biodiv. J. [Internet]. 2017; 1(1):1–18. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx4

Traore A, Tamboura HH, Kaboré A, Yaméogo N, Bayala B, Zare I. Caractérisation morphologique des petits ruminants (ovins et caprins) de race locale “Mossi” au Burkina Faso [Morphological characterization of small ruminants (sheep and goats) of the local “Mossi” breed in Burkina Faso]. Animal Genetic Resources Information [Internet]. 2006; 39:39–50. doi: https://doi.org/cg2t6s

Laoun A, Harkat S, Benali R, Yabrir B, Hakem A, Ranebi D, Maftah A, Madani T, Da Silva A, Lafri M. Caractérisation phénotypique de la race ovine Rembi d’Algérie [Phenotypic characterization of the Rembi sheep of Algeria]. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. [Internet]. 2015; 68(1):19–26. French. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx5

Harkat S, Laoun A, Benali R, Outayeb D, Ferrouk M, Maftah A, Da Silva AL, Lafri M. Phenotypic characterization of the major sheep breed in Algeria. Rev. Med. Vet. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 28 May 2024]; 166(5–6): 138–147. https://goo.su/UnxO2

Renard JP. Le patrimoine génétique en élevage [Genetic heritage in breeding]. In: Jeudy HP, editor. Patrimoines en folie [Internet]. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme; 1990 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 77–87. French. Available in: https://goo.su/CpAJn6J

Lafri M, Harkat S, Ferrouk M, Brouri L, Dasilava A. La diversité génétique des races ovines algériennes: Etat des lieux et perspectives [Genetic diversity of Algerian sheep breeds: Status and prospects]. In: Napoléone M, Ben Salem H, Boutonnet JP, López–Francos A, Gabiña D, editors. The value chains of Mediterranean sheep and goat products. Organisation of the industry, marketing strategies, feeding and production systems [Internet]. Zaragoza (Spain): CIHEAM (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens); 2016 [cited 28 May 2024]. p. 463–467. French. Available in: https://goo.su/VOh2

Bechchari A, Acherkouk M, El Koudrim M, Maatougui A. Caracterisation, atouts et contraintes de l’élevage ovin au Maroc oriental [Characterization, assets and constraints of sheep farming in eastern Morocco]. In : Boulanouar B, Paquay R, editor. L’élevage du mouton et ses systèmes de production au Maroc [Sheep farming and its production systems in Morocco]. [Internet]. Rabat (Morocco): Institut de la Recherche Agronomique; 2005 [cited 28 May 2024]. p.77–90. French. Available in: https://goo.su/vFrxxP

Kanoun M, Huguenin J, Meguellati–Kanoun A. Savoir–faire des agropasteurs ovins de Djelfa (Algérie) en milieux steppiques en matière d’engraissement des produits d’élevages ovins [Know–how of sheep agropastoralists from Djelfa (Algeria) in steppe environments in terms of fattening sheep products]. In: Napoléone M, Ben Salem H, Boutonnet JP, López–Francos A, Gabiña D, editors. The value chains of Mediterranean sheep and goat products. Organisation of the industry, marketing strategies, feeding and production systems [Internet]. Zaragoza (Spain): CIHEAM (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens); 2016 [cited 28 May 2024] p. 223–230. French. Available in: https://goo.su/cQCdMw

Alary V, Duteurtre G. Elevages et sociétés: les rôles multiples de l’élevage dans les pays tropicaux [Livestock and societies: multiple roles of livestock in tropical countries]. INRAE Prod. Anim. [Internet]. 2011; 24(1):145–156. French. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx6

Brisebarre AM, Kuczynski L. La Tabaski au Sénégal, une fête musulmane en milieu urbain [Tabaski in Senegal, a Muslim festival in an urban environment]. Paris (France): Karthala; 2009. 468 p. French.

Deleule M. Evolution des systèmes dans les steppes du Maghreb: enjeux et perspectives [Evolution of systems in the Maghreb steppes: issues and perspectives]. [master’s tesis on the Internet]. Sherbrooke (Canada): Université de Sherbrooke; 2016 [cited 28 May 2024]. 95 p. French. Available in: https://goo.su/DaTR0CI

Hadbaoui I, Senoussi H, Huguenin J. Les modalités d’alimentation des troupeaux ovins en steppe algérienne, région de M’Sila: pratiques et tendances [Feeding modalities of sheep flocks in the Algerian steppe, region of M’Sila: practices and trends]. Cah. Agric. [Internet]. 2020; 29(28):1–8. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx7

Bettencourt EMV, Tilman M, Narciso V, Carvalho MLS, Henriques PDS, The economic and sociocultural role of livestock in the wellbeing of rural communities of Timor–Leste. Braz. J. Rur. Econ. Soc. [Internet]. 2013; 53(Suppl. 1):S063–S080. doi: https://doi.org/g8wgx8