Susceptibilidad a los antibióticos y genes de resistencia de aislados de Escherichia coli procedentes de truchas arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) enfermas

• Ahmet Murat Saytekin Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology. Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
• Muhammed Yaşar Dörtbudak Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Fisheries and Diseases. Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
• Hikmet Dinç Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology. Gaziantep, Türkiye
• Mehmet Demirci Kırklareli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology. Kırklareli, Türkiye
• Akın Yiğin Harran University, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
• Emine Atçı Saytekin Harran University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34445

Palabras clave: Acuicultura, sensibilidad a los antibióticos, E. coli, aislamiento, genes de resistencia

Resumen

Con el objetivo de aislar Escherichia coli de truchas infectadas en diferentes granjas, e investigar los perfiles de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos y los genes de resistencia a los antibióticos de estos aislados. Los procesos de identificación se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo con las directrices ISO 6887–3:2017 e ISO 16654:2001. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se probó de acuerdo con las directrices del Instituto de Normas Clínicas y de Laboratorio (CLSI). Las cepas resistentes a betalactamasas de espectro extendido (EBSL) se investigaron mediante el método de prueba de sinergia de doble disco modificado (MDDST). Se analizaron las regiones específicas de 15 genes mediante el sistema PCR en tiempo real. Como resultado, se realizaron 24 aislamientos a partir de diferentes tejidos pertenecientes a ocho de las 108 truchas enfermas. El mayor estado de resistencia fenotípica se encontró frente a penicilinas (ampicilina 100%, amoxicilina 91,67%) y cefalosporinas de primera generación (cefazolina 100%). La tasa de resistencia fenotípica a la amoxicilina–clavulánico, el ácido nalidíxico y la eritromicina fue del 83,33%, la de la tetraciclina del 75%, la de la ceftazidima, la ceftriaxona, la cefotaxima, la cefepima y la ciprofloxacina del 66,67%, la del trimetoprim–sulfametoxazol del 50%, y la del cloranfenicol y la gentamicina del 33,33%. La resistencia fenotípica a la amicaína y al imipenem se detectó a un nivel del 16,67%. Además, se detectó fenotípicamente la producción de ESBL en 12 (50%) de los 24 aislados de E. coli. La tasa más alta de genes resistentes a los antimicrobianos fue del 58,33% para tetA. Las regiones génicas de sull, ermB, ermF, qnrB, suIll, qnrS y tetB se detectaron en un 50%, 50%, 50%, 33,33%, 25%, 16,67% y 16,67% respectivamente. Ninguno de los aislados incluía la región génica de qnrA, qnrC, qnrD y qepA. Los genes productores de ESBL, blaTEM, blaCTX y blaSHV se detectaron en un 33,33%, 33,33% y 16,67% respectivamente. En conclusión, la contaminación del agua por E. coli puede causar infecciones entre los peces y aumentar la resistencia antimicrobiana del agente. Las cepas resistentes de E. coli no sólo pueden causar perjuicios económicos al crear pérdidas de rendimiento, sino que también pueden amenazar la salud humana al provocar infecciones en toda la cadena alimentaria.

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