Bioacumulación de metales pesados en peces Capoeta tinca y evaluación de riesgos para la salud

• Tuğba Demir Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology. Sivas, Türkiye
• Ekrem Mutlu Kastamonu University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Geography. Kastamonu, Türkiye
• Necdet Gültepe Atatürk University, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Fisheries Fundamental Sciences. Erzurum, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34345

Palabras clave: Calidad del agua, calidad del pescado, metal pesado, salud humana, evaluación de riesgos

Resumen

Este estudio evalúa los posibles riesgos para la salud humana asociados con cinco metales pesados (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd y Cr) en el pez Capoeta tinca. Evalúa la carga de metales pesados en los tejidos musculares, branquias e hígado de C. tinca, y estima los riesgos potenciales para la salud de los consumidores mediante el uso de la ingesta diaria estimada (EDI) y las razones de riesgo estándar (THQ) relacionadas con el consumo de metales pesados. Se tomaron muestras de peces y agua de tres regiones diferentes: Arroyo Sincan (Sivas–Hafik), Arroyo Habeş (Sivas–Zara) y Arroyo Tozanlı (Sivas–Hafik), Turquía. Las concentraciones de metales pesados en el agua del arroyo resultaron ser más altas que el umbral de seguridad establecido en todos los puntos de muestreo. Además, se observó que los valores eran más bajos que los límites permitidos. Considerando los tejidos de los peces, las concentraciones de Pb, Cd y Cr resultaron ser más altas que los límites seguros predichos por la OMS. Los resultados indican que el hígado del pez C. tinca mostró la mayor acumulación de metales pesados en todas las áreas de muestreo. Las concentraciones más altas de metales pesados encontradas en los músculos de los peces fueron (Cu) 2.51 ± 0.91 μg·g^-1, (Cr) 0.45 ± 0.03 μg·g^-1, (Cd) 0.88 ± 0.04 μg·g^-1, (Pb) 2.04 ± 0.03 μg·g^-1 y (Zn) 13.12 ± 1.08 μg·g^-1. El orden descendente de acumulación de metales pesados en las branquias resultó ser Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr. Además, para cada metal pesado, se encontró que los valores del índice de bioconcentración (BCF), la ingesta diaria aceptable, la EDI y THQ (<1) eran más bajos que los límites establecidos en las normas internacionales, lo que indica que no se encontraron elementos que representaran una amenaza para la salud pública, por lo tanto, no representan un riesgo a corto plazo.

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