Aparición de resistencia a la tobramicina en Escherichia coli en la carne de aves de corral vinculada al uso excesivo de biocidas durante COVID-19

• Nadjah Guergueb The University of Batna 1, Department of Veterinary Medicine. Batna, Algeria https://orcid.org/
• Nadir Alloui The University of Batna 1, Department of Veterinary Medicine. Batna, Algeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e33196

Palabras clave: Antibiótico, resistencia antimicrobiana, biocida, factor de riesgo, resistencia cruzada

Resumen

En este estudio epidemiológico observacional (Antes y después del COVID-19) se examinó el efecto del uso excesivo de biocidas, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, sobre la resistencia de Escherichia coli a la tobramicina en la carne de aves (CA). Las cepas resistentes a la tobramicina E. coli aisladas de la CA antes de la aparición de la COVID-19 se compararon con las aisladas después de la aparición de la pandemia COVID-19. Los análisis univariables se realizaron mediante la prueba t y la prueba de Ji-cuadrado. Se utilizaron razones de probabilidad e intervalos de confianza del 95 % para el factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo. El análisis multivariante se realizó con la regresión logística binaria para detectar un predictor independiente y con el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) para analizar si la resistencia a la tobramicina en E. coli estaba relacionada con el brote de COVID-19. La significación estadística se fijó en P<0,05. La frecuencia de aislamientos de E. coli resistentes a la tobramicina fue más importante después de la aparición de la COVID-19 (12,5 %) que antes de la COVID-19 (2,1 %). La representación gráfica de las variables cualitativas de PCA muestra la relación interfactorial. Una relación significativa entre la resistencia a la tobramicina E. coli y la aparición de COVID-19 (valor de P=0,014), y el efecto de la aparición de COVID-19 en la resistencia a la tobramicina E. coli fue Odds Ratio (OR) = 6,57, intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %: (1,61-7,94). La probabilidad de resistencia a la tobramicina E. coli vinculada con la CA comprada después de la COVID-19 fue 1,88 veces mayor que antes de la aparición de la COVID-19. La CA comprada después de COVID-19 se encontró relacionada con la resistencia a la tobramicina en E. coli. Parece posible que el uso excesivo de biocidas durante el COVID-19 haya aumentado el riesgo de resistencia a la tobramicina E. coli en la CA.

Citas

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