Calidad microbiológica de ensaladas de verduras listas para comer servidas en restaurantes de carne durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Turquia

• Alper Baran Atatürk University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis. Erzurum, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-6624
• Mehmet Cemal Adigüzel Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology. Erzurum, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-9649
• Hakan Aydin Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology. Erzurum, Turkey

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e32171

Palabras clave: Microbiano, BLEE, E. coli, virus, ensalada lista para comer

Resumen

Ensaladas de verduras listas–para–comer (EVLC) que se sirven con pita/lahmacun, tipos de kebab y tantuni de origen animal en los asadores de la cocina turca, ya que tienen el potencial de conllevar riesgos en términos de salud pública fueron evaluadas. Se investigaron las propiedades microbiológicas de REVS utilizando el método de placa de agar. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos de los patógenos transmitidos por los alimentos, incluidos Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, se probó mediante método de difusión por disco de Kirby–Bauer. Además, se detectó la presencia de importantes virus entéricos por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (RCP). El número de bacterias aeróbicas totales, bacterias coliformes, levaduras y mohos y Staphylococcus y Micrococcus spp. varió de menos de 1 a 6,40; 1 a 6,26; menos de 1 a 5,82 y de menos de 1 a 5,66 log₁₀ Unidades Formadoras de Colonias·gramos^-1 (UFC·g^–1) en muestras EVLC, respectivamente. Ninguna muestra de EVLC analizadas en este estudio contenía Salmonella spp., mientras que E. coli y S. aureus se aislaron en el 38,1 % (16/42) y el 2,4 % (1/42), respectivamente. S. aureus fue resistente a la gentamicina, la kanamicina, el aztreonam y la ciprofloxacina en el ensayo de difusión en disco; sin embargo, no albergaba el gen mecA. Las cepas de E. coli (n=16) fueron resistentes (100 %) a los antibióticos aminoglucósidos y el 35,7 % (6/16) de los aislamientos produjeron beta lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE). bla_TEM y bla_CTXM8/25 se detectaron en dos aislados, mientras que un aislado portaba bla_CTXM–1 y bla_TEM juntos mediante RCP. De los EVLC, dos fueron evaluados como positivos para rotavirus (5 %), seis para hepatitis A (14 %), y virus de la hepatitis E (14 %). Estos resultados indican la alta carga de microorganismos, presencia de ESBL E. coli y patógenos virales entéricos en REVS, por lo que es importante realizar prácticas de higiene de rutina.

Citas

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