Efecto de celulasas y xilanasas sobre la digestibilidad in vitro de la broza de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis), panca de maíz (Zea mays) y cáscara de maní (Arachis hypogaea) en rumiantes

• Edis Geovanny Macías-Rodríguez Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Veterinaria. Portoviejo, Manabi, Ecuador
• Carlos Alfredo Gómez-Bravo Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Zootecnia. Lima, Perú
• Jimmy Roberto Álava-Moreira Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Veterinaria. Portoviejo, Manabi, Ecuador
• Ernesto Antonio Hurtado Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Calceta, Manabi, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e32182

Palabras clave: Enzimas, digestibilidad, ácidos grasos volátiles, residuos de cosecha

Resumen

Los residuos de cosecha juegan un papel importante en la producción animal a nivel mundial. Aumentar el potencial nutricional de opciones de baja calidad con enzimas fibrolíticas mejoraría la digestibilidad y la utilización del forraje. Utilizando un método in vitro se evaluó el efecto de celulasas (EC:3.2.1.4) y xilanasas (EC:3.2.1.8) aplicados a cuatro niveles: 0 (control); 2.000; 4.000 y 8.000 UI·kg^-1 MS en panca de maíz (PM), broza de espárrago (BE) y cáscara de maní (CM). Al aplicar celulasas a la PM, la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DIVMS) y fibra detergente neutra (DIVFDN) fueron mayores (P<0,001) que el grupo de control (63,7 vs. 61,8 % y 51,9 vs. 50,1 %); efectos similares se encontraron con xilanasas (64,1 vs. 61,8 % y 53,0 vs. 51,6 %). La DIVMS y DIVFDN de la BE no fueron afectadas por la aplicación de celulasas o xilanasas (P<0,05). En el caso de la CM, la aplicación de celulasas o xilanasas mejoró la DIVMS (24,9 vs. 22,3 % y 24,6 vs. 22,3 %, respectivamente), pero no la DIVFDN. Además, la producción de gas in vitro a las 48 horas no fue influenciada por el tipo de enzimas ni por sus niveles de aplicación a los residuos evaluados. Las celulasas o xilanasas aplicadas sobre la PM y la BE no influyeron sobre la concentración de AGVt (acético + propiónico + butírico). En el caso de la CM, la concentración de AGVt fue similar entre el control y el aplicado con celulasas, mientras que la aplicación de xilanasas resultó en menor concentración de AGVt que el control. Las celulasas y xilanasas influencian la DIVMS, DIVFDN y la concentración de AGVt dependiendo del sustrato utilizado.

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