Susceptibilidad a meticilina y vancomicina en Staphylococcus aureus aislados de hemocultivos

• Maribel Josefina Castellano-González Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Bacteriología General. Maracaibo-Zulia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-8349
• Romer Moisés Franquis-Rodríguez Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Bacteriología General. Maracaibo-Zulia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-5089
• Armindo José Perozo-Mena Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Práctica Profesional de Bacteriología. Maracaibo-Zulia Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Centro de Referencia Bacteriológica. Maracaibo-Zulia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-7860
• Isabelle Virginia Sandoval-Castellano Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Medicina. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-0523

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712378

Palabras clave: Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriemia, hemocultivo, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, meticilina, vancomicina, resistencia

Resumen

Para establecer la frecuencia de Staphylococcus aureus y determinar la susceptibilidad a meticilina y vancomicina y la co-resistencia antimicrobiana, se analizaron los registros de los hemocultivos de pacientes ingresados en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo durante el período enero 2011-diciembre 2015. Se aislaron 96 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (21,09%), de las cuales, 78 (81,25%) fueron resistentes y 18 (18,75%), sensibles a meticilina. Todos los aislados resultaron sensibles a vancomicina. El 61,45% de las cepas expresó multirresistencia. No se encontró diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de aislamiento por año, tampoco de acuerdo a la edad y sexo del paciente (p > 0,05); pero si según el tipo de UCI y la presencia de co-resistencia antimicrobiana (p < 0,05). La elevada proporción de resistencia a meticilina y la evidencia de fenotipos sensibles a la vancomicina con valores elevados de concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) (> 1 μg/ml), demandan la vigilancia sistemática del patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana a fin de guiar a los clínicos para elegir la terapia empírica adecuada, contribuyendo al reforzamiento continuo de las precauciones estándar y el establecimiento de las políticas locales de administración y regulación del uso de antimicrobianos.

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