Revista
de la
Universidad
del Zulia
Fundada en 1947
por el Dr. Jesús Enrique Lossada
DEPÓSITO LEGAL ZU2020000153
ISSN 0041-8811
E-ISSN 2665-0428
Ciencias del
Agro,
Ingeniería
y Tecnología
Año 14 N° 39
Enero - Abril 2023
Tercera Época
Maracaibo-Venezuela
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Implementation of digital technologies in Public Administration
Valentyna Unynets-Khodakivska *
Liudmyla Prystupa
**
Оlga Ivanyshyna
***
Iuliia Panura ****
Tetiana Tuchak *****
ABSTRACT
The direction of scientific research is determined by the global spread of the informatization
process, which increases the urgency of introducing digital technologies in the field of public
administration. The purpose of the study is to highlight the basics of implementing digital
technologies in public administration in modern conditions of social development, taking into
account the most successful and progressive practices. The methodological basis of the research
is a systematic approach, which made it possible to single out the factors affecting the processes
of digitalization of public administration in the spheres of state administration, regional and
local self-government, public organizations, and entities providing public services. The positive
externalities of the implementation of digital technologies in public administration for various
levels of government and the population have been clarified. It has been proven that ensuring
general accessibility to the use of public services, maximum consideration of consumer needs
when providing them, active involvement of broad sections of the population in making public
decisions and monitoring the progress of their implementation will contribute to increasing the
efficiency of public services.
KEYWORDS: digital technologies, public administration, authorities, information,
efficiency improvement.
*Professor, Department of Financial Markets and Technologies, State Tax University, 31, University Str.,
Irpin, 08205, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-9637. Е-mail: hodakivska_v@ukr.net
** Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance, Khmelnytskyi National
University, 11, Instytuts’ka Str., Khmelnytskyi, 29016, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
5088-0654. Е-mail: prystupal@khmnu.edu.ua
***Аssociate Professor, Department of Fiscal Administration, State Tax University, 31, University Str.,
Irpin, 08205, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-7475. Е-mail: oldiru554@gmail.com
****Аssociate Professor, Department of Fiscal Administration, State Tax University, 31, University Str.,
Irpin, 08205, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-3513. Е-mail: panurajulija@ukr.net
*****Аssociate Professor, Department of Fiscal Administration, State Tax University, 31, University Str.,
Irpin, 08205, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-924X. E-mail: asol75@bigmir.net
Recibido: 31/08/2022 Aceptado: 26/10/2022
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Implementación de tecnologías digitales en la Administración
Pública
RESUMEN
La conducción de la investigación científica está determinada por la expansión global del
proceso de informatización, lo que aumenta la urgencia de introducir tecnologías digitales en
el campo de la administración pública. El propósito del estudio es resaltar los fundamentos
de la implementación de tecnologías digitales en la administración pública en las condiciones
modernas de desarrollo social. La base metodológica de la investigación es un enfoque
sistemático, que permitió singularizar los factores que inciden en los procesos de
digitalización de la gestión pública en los ámbitos de la administración estatal, los gobiernos
autónomos regionales y locales, los organismos públicos y las entidades prestadoras de
servicios públicos. Se han esclarecido las externalidades positivas de la implementación de
tecnologías digitales en la administración pública para los distintos niveles de gobierno y la
población. Se ha demostrado que garantizar la accesibilidad general al uso de los servicios
públicos, la máxima consideración de las necesidades de los consumidores a la hora de
prestarlos, la participación activa de amplios sectores de la población en la toma de decisiones
públicas y el seguimiento del progreso de su implementación, contribuirán a aumentar la
eficiencia de los servicios públicos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: tecnologías digitales, administración pública, autoridades, información,
mejora de la eficiencia.
Introduction
Social development in modern globalization conditions is characterized by an active
process of formation and use of the electronic information space, which involves all spheres
of social activity. It is difficult to imagine social development today without innovative
technologies, the use of the latest information technologies, radio electronics,
communications, telecommunications, etc.
Digital technologies lead to transitions from the development of the service sphere to
the servitization of the results of traditional spheres of production activity, and the very
functions of digital technologies are changing from the accumulation of retrospective data to
online technologies. That is, it is not the digitization of individual spheres of social activity,
but the total digitization of society.
The spread of the informatization process increases the urgency of introducing digital
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technologies in the field of public administration, which is becoming a priority for the
development of all countries of the world. In accordance with the requirements of the EU
countries, one of the directions of large-scale cooperation is the provision of broadband
access for economic entities, the prediction of the reliability of the security of information
and communication technology networks and the general development of local Internet
resources, the use of online services. Currently, e-business, e-government, e-learning, e-
health care, etc. are actively developing in the world.
In their development priorities, all countries of the world single out the task of
forming an information society, which is why the reform of telecommunication systems,
development of information infrastructure, etc. is taking place.
The purpose of the study is to highlight the basics of implementing digital
technologies in public administration in modern conditions of social development, taking
into account the most successful and progressive practices. To achieve the outlined goal, the
authors achieved the following tasks:
- proven expediency of further scientific research in the direction of implementation
of digital technologies in public administration;
- the factors affecting the processes of digitalization of public administration are
singled out;
- the positive externalities of the introduction of digital technologies in public
administration for various levels of government and other spheres of public administration
and the population have been clarified;
- directions for intensifying the implementation of digital technologies in public
administration are substantiated;
- the scientific novelty of the obtained results is highlighted, which has an applied
value regarding the implementation of digital technologies in public administration.
1. Literature Review
Issues of the functioning of public administration in the conditions of the
development of the digital economy, the introduction of electronic governance are becoming
more and more relevant. Among the scientists who studied this issue, it should be noted: Ahn
Michael J. (2022); Ana Cristina Aguilar Viana (2021); Androniceanu A. (2022); Atta Addo
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(2021); Boban Marija (2021); Braun M. (2021); Cosmulese C. (2019); Derhaliuk M. (2021);
Glavaš J. (2021); Kholiavko N. (2021); Klochan V. (2021); Limba Tadas (2007); Melnychenko
A. (2022); Řepa Václav (2021); Scupola A. (2022); Shefali V. (2014); Siegel Urszula Anna
(2021); Tulchynska S. (2022); Zhuk I. (2022) and other.
The results of research by scientists (Shefali V., 2014) prove that the development of
the Internet as a global means of communication has opened up enormous opportunities and
presented new challenges to the government, thanks to digital technologies that create new
forms of community, empower citizens and reform existing power structures.
The goal of the scientists' article (Zhuk I. et al., 2022) is to find effective digitalization
tools to improve public administration in the financial sector. As a result of the research, the
authors determined which countries are the most advanced in the use of digitalization tools
in the public administration system, outlined the most effective tools from the point of view
of the feasibility of their implementation, and developed recommendations for improving the
digitalization of the administration system in the field of finance.
Within the framework of the article (Androniceanu A. et al., 2022), the authors define
interdependencies and differences between the multidimensional phenomena of
administrative corruption and digitalization in the EU member states. The study proves that
digitalization of public administration and services is a strategic goal of EU member states
and should become a priority in the new technological era.
The authors (Braun M., 2021) are convinced that in order to successfully meet the
demands of politicians and citizens, public administration undergoes a constant process of
modernization. Scientists prove that digital transformation requires improvement of those
human capabilities that machines are unable to provide.
The article (Atta Addo, 2021) investigates that despite numerous anti-corruption
measures, including digitalization, petty corruption in public administrations of developing
countries persists, undermining socio-economic development. Scholars have explored how
information technology allows corruption to be controlled over time, reducing opportunities
for corruption through socio-technical reconfiguration of work practices and organizational
arrangements.
The authors of the article (Limba Tadas, 2007) analyzed the main principles of
creating e-government, as well as resistance to the development of e-government from the
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point of view of the public sector. The authors consider the current initiatives of legal
regulation of e-government in the Republic of Lithuania.
The paper (Ahn Michael J. et al., 2022) argues that civil servants play a critical role in
the adoption and use of new technologies in government, and their attitudes and willingness
to use them matter for creating sustainable and meaningful digital transformation. Based on
the results of the research, scientists indicate the importance of training civil servants in
artificial intelligence technologies to improve their understanding and acceptance of new
technologies, as well as their potential in government, which will contribute to the
development of an innovative culture for a sustainable and effective digital transformation.
The authors (Scupola A. et al., 2022) investigated that public administration bodies
are investing in the digital transformation of their citizen-oriented services and internal
administrative processes. They use co-production approaches and involve different types of
stakeholders in these transformational processes to improve service quality and create
societal value.
The scientific work (Aguilar Viana, 2021) emphasizes that the digital revolution
affects public administration and gradually transforms the activities carried out by the state.
The authors propose to follow the path of ICT implementation in the state organizational
sphere, considering from the initial concept of electronic government to the latest works that
advocate digital government. The scientists presented a comparative analysis of the
evolutionary process of the digital transformation of public administration.
Despite the existing publications, the specifics of the implementation of digital
technologies in public administration require further study, analysis of existing problems
and opportunities during implementation.
2. Methodology
The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, which made it
possible to single out the factors affecting the processes of digitalization of public
administration in the sphere of state administration, regional and local self-government,
public organizations, and entities providing public services. The application of a systemic
approach to digital technologies makes it possible to establish the regularities of their
implementation in relation to public administration, to holistically identify the connections
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that arise between the subjects of the public administration system and other subjects of
social development due to the introduction of digital technologies.
3. Results
Modern globalization progress of social development determines the urgency of the
search for the governments of all countries of the world to improve public administration in
the direction of improving the quality of providing public services, eliminating bureaucratic
procedures, reducing the costs of public administration, etc. This leads to the fact that public
administration is under the influence of many heterogeneous factors that lead to a change in
the vector of public administration in the direction of spreading the use of information
technologies. The factors that directly affect the processes of digitalization of public
administration include the following (Fig. 1):
firstly, the direct implementation of innovations and modern information
technologies in all spheres of social life;
secondly, the development of social partnership and civil society in the digital
environment;
thirdly, renewal of market models of competitiveness, free movement of labor,
stimulation of freedom and development of entrepreneurship;
fourthly, the degree of decentralization of power, which is a general trend in most
European countries, which leads to an increase in the interest and responsibility of regional
and local self-government bodies (Fernández, 2020);
fifthly, the development of innovative culture in society, which affects the
population's perception of the introduction of new information and communication
technologies and innovations;
sixthly, the socio-economic development of the country, which makes it possible to
widely introduce the latest means of using information and communication technologies and
spread these processes among the population;
seventhly, compliance with the principles of social equality and justice in social
development through the implementation of socially oriented projects in accordance with
the principles of the digital economy.
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Figure 1. Factors influencing the digitization of public administration
Source: constructed by the authors
FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE DIGITALIZATION PROCESSES OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
direct implementation of innovations and modern information technologies in all spheres of social
life
development of social partnership and civil society in the digital environment
renewal of market models of competitiveness, free movement of labor, stimulation of freedom and
development of entrepreneurship
the degree of decentralization of power, which increases the interest and responsibility of regional
administration and local self-government bodies
the development of innovative culture in society, which ensures public acceptance of the
introduction of new information and communication technologies
socio-economic development of the country, which leads to the widespread introduction of the
latest means of using information and communication technologies
observance of the principles of social equality and justice in social development
an automated system of interconnected means and methods thanks to which the collection,
processing, and preservation of input information takes place, as well as on the basis of its
analytics using digital methods of obtaining input information, which allows to increase the
efficiency of public administration
DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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Isolated and niche factors directly affect the processes of digitization of public
administration. Public administration includes the spheres of state administration, regional
and local self-government, public organizations, entities providing public services. Modern
challenges of the development of social relations and digitalization determine the
introduction of digital technologies in public administration, since without their use it is
impossible to build an effective model of modern management processes.
The use of digital technologies in public administration is an automated system of
interconnected means and techniques, thanks to which input information is collected,
processed, saved, as well as based on its analytics using digital methods of obtaining initial
information, which allows to increase the efficiency of public administration. The creation of
a single digital space through the implementation of digital technologies will contribute to
obtaining reliable information for authorities, the population, businesses, and public
organizations.
The implementation of digital technologies in public administration makes it possible
to obtain the following positive results for authorities and other spheres of public
administration (Fig. 2).
Positive results for authorities and other areas of public administration from the
implementation of digital technologies in public administration:
- to increase the efficiency of public management by speeding up their adoption and
publication, as well as simplifying the management procedures themselves;
- significantly reduce administrative costs;
- apply modern management methods, which makes it possible to make more optimal
management decisions;
- increase the speed of providing administrative services while simultaneously
improving their quality;
- to increase control over the activities of regional authorities and local self-
government bodies while ensuring the principles of decentralization;
- increase the transparency of management decision-making and reduce corruption in
public administration;
- ensure democratic public administration;
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Figure 2. Positive effects of the digital technologies implementation in public administration
Source: constructed by the authors
increasing the efficiency of public administration, reducing administrative costs, applying modern
management methods
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION
IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
FOR GOVERNMENT BODIES AND OTHER SPHERES OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
increasing control over the activities of the sphere of public administration
increasing the speed and quality of public services
ensuring the democracy of public administration, reducing the fallibility of managerial decision-
making
obtaining a qualitatively new level of public administration, ensuring the efficient use of resources
and time
increasing public trust in public administration institutions
providing the possibility of broad participation of citizens in the discussion and making of
management decisions
increasing the transparency of management decision-making, reducing corruption in public
administration
ensuring public awareness of management decisions and their effectiveness
dissemination of information about the activity and effectiveness of public administration bodies
ensuring equal access to public services for all citizens
saving time and other resources when receiving public services
ensuring social cohesion of the population
orientation of public services to their users, i.e. citizens of society
improving the convenience and accessibility of using public services
increasing citizens' trust in public administration bodies
participation of citizens in the decision-making process of public administration
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- provision of the possibility of broad participation of citizens in the discussion and
adoption of management decisions at all levels of power structures;
- to obtain a qualitatively new level of public administration and increase the public's
trust in state, regional and local self-government bodies and institutions of public
administration as a whole;
- to ensure that the population is informed about the adoption of management
decisions and their effectiveness;
- disseminate information about the activity and effectiveness of public administration
bodies;
- to reduce the error rate of management decision-making due to the unreliability of
the input information on the basis of which analytical conclusions and foresight of multi-
vector processes were built;
- ensure efficient use of resources and time.
At the same time, the implementation of digital technologies in public administration
gives positive results directly for all segments of the population, namely:
- improving the convenience and accessibility of using public services;
- orientation of public services to their users, i.e. citizens of society;
- ensuring equal access to public services for all citizens;
- saving time and other resources when receiving public services;
- ensuring social cohesion of the population;
- increasing citizens' trust in public administration bodies;
- participation of citizens in the decision-making process of public administration.
That is, it can be noted that the implementation of digital technologies in public
administration has positive benefits both for the administration itself and for the citizens of
society. Such conclusions determine the activation of the process of digitization of public
administration.
In order to intensify the implementation of digital technologies in public administration,
it is necessary to ensure (Fig. 3):
Firstly, the organization of "digital" workplaces means staffing of public
administration bodies with appropriate digital competencies, as well as full provision of
"digital" workplaces for employees of public administration bodies with appropriate means
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of communication. "Digital" workplaces prove the effectiveness of their existence, which is
manifested in the reduction of the costs of maintaining the management apparatus, the
reduction of the use of office premises, the costs of employee travel, etc. Employees working
at "digital" workplaces prove the efficiency and timeliness of their work. The routine work of
a civil servant becomes more dynamic, interesting and attractive and forms a new creative
and corporate culture.
Secondly, awareness of the population and its involvement in the activities of public
administration bodies, which involves the use of the participatory management model. Multi-
channel awareness makes it possible to identify the urgency of public socio-economic needs of
citizens and, thanks to the use of various communications, to activate their involvement in
solving these urgent problems and making management decisions. Receiving feedback from
citizens makes it possible to evaluate the perception of the adopted decisions by the community,
to find out the necessary reform vectors, etc.
Thirdly, publicity and openness of data, which provides an opportunity to evaluate the
work of public authorities. Open data can be accessed through software interfaces thanks to the
Internet. The concept of openness of public administration data presupposes compliance with
attribution rules.
Fourthly, the introduction of electronic identification of citizens, which provides citizens
with secure access to basic resources and services during identification. The introduction of the
"single window" model makes it possible to receive services, submit reports, etc.
Fifthly, monitoring and evaluation, which involves a continuous, dynamic process of data
collection and analysis, structuring of information and its analytics. Such monitoring of
information and data makes it possible to build balanced strategic plans and optimize already
outlined plans for social development. The implementation of data monitoring and analytics
using modern information technologies will contribute to the use of new opportunities of
analytical databases, to use these data in making management decisions.
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Figure 3. Implementation of digital technologies in public administration
Source: generated by the authors
organization of "digital" workplaces
introduction of electronic identification of citizens
publicity and data openness
awareness of the population and its involvement in the activities of public administration
bodies
application of "smart" means for making public management decisions
use of blockchain; introduction of cloud technologies
monitoring and evaluation, which involves a continuous, dynamic process of data collection
and analysis, information structuring and its analytics
use of software-configured network architecture
engagement of government digital platforms
use of Internet of Things technology
THREATS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTIONS FOR THE
ELIMINATION OF THREATS
the use of digital technologies is not necessarily subject to the
principles of democratic development of society
protection and preservation of confidential information that
may interfere with the integrity of private life and public
freedoms
threat of unauthorized use of personal data
attacks by cybercriminals, which can lead to blocking the work
of public institutions
the use of information in information wars and the spread of
information espionage
increased attention to cyber
security
overcoming digital
inequality among the
population
increasing information
literacy of the population
implementation of the latest
means of information
protection
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PROVIDES
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Sixthly, the use of "smart" means for public administration decision-making. Of
course, "intelligent" machines and tools are currently unable to replace a person, but the
combination of various digital technologies makes it possible to improve and optimize
existing methods of management and decision-making, as well as to offer new services and
means of providing them. So, for example, one of these modern new services is the
notification of the population through smartphones about emergency situations and dangers.
On the example of Ukraine, on the territory of which military operations are currently taking
place as a result of aggression by the Russian Federation, such a public administration service
proves its timeliness and usefulness.
Seventhly, the "Internet of Things", which represents the interconnection of physical
devices with software that provides transmission, exchange of data between the physical
state of things and computer systems. In public administration, such models of Internet of
Things application as payment for use or subscription taxation, "smart" garbage collection,
and much more are possible. The use of the Internet of Things can be very diverse, depending
on the specifics of the activity of the public administration institution.
Eighthly, the use of digital platforms of the government, which contributes to the
improvement of the quality of services, the reduction of employees and the optimization of
administrative costs. Today, there are already effective digital platforms of the ERP and CRM
class, which allow you to radically change the quality of services and increase their efficiency
hundreds and thousands of times. Digital government platforms can be created and used in
any sphere of public activity, as well as in other spheres of social development. Digital
platforms can perform a variety of functions, including: user admission to the platform
according to certain criteria, quality control of public services, collection and analysis of
information, etc.
Ninthly, the use of software-configured network architecture, which makes it
possible to quickly adapt to constant changes and needs of services and traffic due to the
adaptation of the data transmission level (Data Plane), management level (Control Plane)
and application level (Application Plane) software-configured network architecture.
Virtualization of networks provides efficient use of information and communication systems
and allows state institutions to work out projects of "Internet of things", etc.
Tenthly, the use of blockchain, which provides storage of information on all actions of
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system participants, such as transactions, transactions, etc. Blockchain is undoubtedly
important in areas such as justice, notary, exchange activity and others. Blockchain stores
data on a permanent basis without the possibility of its changes, which increases the security
of this distributed peer-to-peer public network technology. Due to the high degree of
information protection, blockchain can be used for conducting referendums at various levels,
signing e-petitions, e-governance, e-budgeting and many other public management processes
that require maximum protection of information and confidentiality.
Eleventhly, the widespread adoption of cloud technologies, which makes it possible
for public administration bodies due to the joint use and maintenance of such digital
infrastructure to reduce financial costs due to the duplication of certain functions, to provide
consolidated databases between different departments, to create new platforms for
qualitative satisfaction of consumer needs , expanding the possibilities of implementing new
projects, as well as reducing the cost of implementing digital technologies.
Therefore, the indicated directions regarding the multi-vector use and introduction of
a variety of digital technologies will contribute to the activation of the implementation of
digital technologies in public administration and, as a result, to increasing the efficiency of
its activities. Namely at the expense.
It should be noted that the use of digital technologies in public administration, like
any process, carries certain dangers, which should include:
- the use of digital technologies is not necessarily subject to the principles of
democratic development of society;
- protection and preservation of confidential information that may interfere with the
integrity of private life and public freedoms;
- threat of unauthorized use of personal data;
- attacks by cybercriminals, which can lead to the blocking of the work of public
institutions; the use of information in information wars and the spread of information
espionage.
Such threats to the introduction of digital technologies in public administration
require increased attention to cyber security, the introduction of the latest means of
information protection, increased information literacy of the population, and overcoming
digital inequality among the population.
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4. Discussion
We support the opinion of the authors (Boban M. et al., 2021) that in the context of
the COVID-19 pandemic, digital transformation is not only desirable, but also absolutely
necessary for an efficient and functional public sector. The researchers explored the best
practices of digital transformation as a step towards improving existing processes and
systems, the rapid implementation of innovative solutions to overcome this and future crises,
the use of technology to generate positive solutions and strategies for the successful
digitalization of government, the economy and the digital society as a whole.
In modern conditions, public administration uses relevant results, increasing
efficiency and effectiveness both in the public sector and in the private sector. We consider
the research of the authors (Glavaš J. et al., 2021) to be practically justified, proving the
importance of digital transformation in the public sector. We support scientists in the
necessary additional efforts to stimulate the process of digital transformation, acquire new
skills, exchange knowledge, manage business processes and other segments.
It is useful to consider the research of the authors (Siegel Urszula Anna et al., 2021),
which examines the main streams of value creation that contribute to the digital
transformation of public administration, as well as the success factors critical to the
promotion of digital transformation. The authors believe that the obtained results
significantly contribute to the development of today's understudied issues and form the basis
for the practical operational implementation of digital transformation plans with the aim of
successful implementation in the public administration system.
The study of scientists (Řepa Václav, 2021) is worth paying attention to, within the
framework of which the main business factors of public administration were analyzed and
ways of applying the idea of digital transformation in public administration were proposed
based on the idea of process-controlled management as a representative of the essence of
digital transformation.
We believe that the research of scientists (Klochan V. et al., 2021) is worth practical
implementation. The authors have developed a model for the use of consulting services in the
state administration system. Scientists analyzed the criteria for the effectiveness of project
management consulting in the public sector based on digital platforms.
The reviewed articles prove the relevance of the scientists' research, which determines
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the further analysis of the features of the implementation of digital technologies in public
administration.
Conclusion
The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on the proof of the
positive consequences of the introduction of digital technologies in public administration for
various levels of government and the population, directions for the activation of the
introduction of digital technologies in public administration are substantiated, which
include: the organization of "digital" workplaces; awareness of the population and its
involvement in the activities of public administration bodies; publicity and openness of data;
introduction of electronic identification of citizens; monitoring and evaluation, which
involves a continuous, dynamic process of data collection and analysis, information
structuring and its analytics; application of "smart" means for making public management
decisions; use of Internet of Things technology; engagement of government digital platforms;
use of software-configured network architecture; use of blockchain; introduction of cloud
technologies.
Issues related to monitoring the implementation of digital technologies in public
administration and evaluating the effectiveness of their use require further research.
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