DEPÓSITO LEGAL ZU2020000153  
Esta publicación científica en formato digital  
es continuidad de la revista impresa  
ISSN 0041-8811  
E-ISSN 2665-0428  
Revista  
de la  
Universidad  
del Zulia  
Fundada en 1947  
por el Dr. Jesús Enrique Lossada  
Ciencias  
Sociales  
y Arte  
Año 12 N° 34  
Septiembre - Diciembre 2021  
Tercera Época  
Maracaibo-Venezuela  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating  
technological progress in the economy  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina *  
Gennady V. Tikhonov **  
Lyudmila A. Lavrova ***  
Natalia V. Arsenieva ****  
ABSTRACT  
The article deals with the problems of increasing the commercial activity of machine-  
building companies in post-crisis conditions, the solution of which should contribute to a  
fairly rapid return to previously developed plans for their expansion. The relevance and  
novelty of the problem lies in an integrated approach to the category of commercial activity  
of companies, which involves investigating various areas of their activities and  
generalizations from the theoretical and practical point of view. The objective of the study is  
to identify possible ways to increase the commercial activity of companies to enter the  
development stage. The methodological basis of the study is based on work in the field of  
economics, management and finance of companies and the possibility of its use in modern  
conditions. The main directions of research into the commercial activity of companies are  
analyzed: ensuring planned growth and improving the material and technical base of  
production; balance and steady increase in financial results; increase in the efficiency of the  
use of all types of resources of the company and its work in general; effective policy of  
deepening specialization and diversifying production; and growth of innovative potential in  
all areas of activity.  
KEY WORDS: enterprises; growth rate; economic and social development; resources  
management; economic growth.  
*Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Moscow, Russia. ORCID:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-1477. E-mail: putyatinal@gmail.com  
**Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Moscow, Russia. ORCID:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-0235. E-mail: gennadytikhonov@mail.ru  
***Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Moscow, Russia. ORCID:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-9165. E-mail: mati-fac6@mail.ru  
****Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Moscow, Russia. ORCID:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-6254. E-mail: natars2002@mail.ru  
Recibido: 12/05/2021  
Aceptado: 08/07/2021  
133  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
La actividad comercial de las empresas como factor de aceleración  
del progreso tecnológico en la economía  
RESUMEN  
El artículo trata sobre los problemas del aumento de la actividad comercial de las empresas  
de construcción de maquinaria en condiciones posteriores a la crisis, cuya solución debería  
contribuir a un retorno bastante rápido a los planes previamente desarrollados para su  
expansión. La relevancia y novedad del problema radica en un enfoque integrado a la  
categoría de actividad comercial de las empresas, que implica investigar diversas áreas de sus  
actividades y generalizaciones desde el punto de vista teórico y práctico. El objetivo del  
estudio es identificar posibles formas de incrementar la actividad comercial de las empresas  
para entrar en la etapa de desarrollo. La base metodológica del estudio se fundamenta en  
trabajos en el campo de la economía, la gestión y las finanzas de las empresas y la posibilidad  
de su uso en las condiciones modernas. Se analizan las direcciones principales de la  
investigación de la actividad comercial de las empresas: el aseguramiento del crecimiento  
planificado y la mejora de la base material y técnica de la producción; equilibrio y aumento  
constante de los resultados financieros; aumento de la eficiencia del uso de todo tipo de  
recursos de la empresa y su trabajo en general; política eficaz de profundización de la  
especialización y diversificación de la producción; y crecimiento del potencial innovador en  
todos los ámbitos de actividad.  
PALABRAS CLAVE: empresa; tasa de crecimiento; desarrollo económico y social; gestión de  
recursos; crecimiento económico.  
Introduction  
Business activity of machine-building enterprises is a particularly promising modern  
category that allows enterprises to implement their strategic development plans and ensure  
innovative economic growth in a fairly fast time frame.  
Business activity of enterprises is ensured primarily by the stability of their  
development and the balance of economic growth in the future.  
The subject of the study in this case is an integrated approach to the business activity  
of machine-building enterprises in modern conditions. The importance of the study is  
determined by the need for restoration and active forward movement along the path of  
further development of enterprises in the post-crisis period.  
134  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
In modern studies, considerable attention is paid to the concept of business activity  
of enterprises, most often in certain areas, for example, increasing production efficiency,  
building up innovative potential (Pinkovetskaia et al, 2021).  
In this regard, the purpose of this study is to focus on the multidimensionality of this  
concept for a detailed study of individual areas in practice.  
Business activity is addressed very often to the internal factors of the enterprise:  
increase in production capacity, renewal of labor instruments, technologies, etc. However,  
the modern economy also requires active work with the external environment of the  
enterprise, which is interpreted as market activity (Abramsky, 2001; Abryutina and Grachev,  
2001).  
It is not enough to produce a competitive product, but it is equally important to  
position it in industry and in international environment, which gives an appropriate  
assessment not only to the product, but also to its developers and manufacturers.  
If we generalize all modern definitions of the business activity of enterprises, it can be  
formulated as the ability of an enterprise to achieve the planned economic growth and  
development with the widespread use of the entire range of extensive and intensive methods  
of increasing the efficiency of its activities.  
Economic growth and development are fairly close concepts, but they have different  
specifics. The economic development of business entities is based on ensuring their economic  
growth and determined on the basis of the quantitative characteristics of the enterprise  
(
Poloskov and Zheltenkov, 2018; Putyatina and Arsenyeva, 2020; Zverev et al, 2021).  
In the most general sense, economic growth is a quantitative increase with a  
qualitative improvement of the social product over a certain period of time (usually a year).  
The economic growth of an enterprise is determined, first of all, by the growth of such  
indicators as: amount of products manufactured in physical terms, revenue, profit, etc.  
However, in real conditions, the growth of some indicators may be accompanied by stability  
or even a decrease in others (for example, the company's revenue increased, and the balance  
sheet profit decreased due to an increase in the cost of production) (Putyatina and Arsenyeva,  
2020).  
1
. Literature Review  
135  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
The term "business activity" appears in Russian literature relatively recently, in  
connection with the reform of the economy and the formation of market relations.  
Currently, there are a large number of interpretations of the concept of "business  
activity". However, they all have their flaws and do not characterize business activity  
comprehensively. So, in the large economic dictionary, business activity is understood as  
"
economic activity, concretized in the form of the production of a particular product or the  
provision of a specific form of service and forms the basis of the international standard  
classification of economic sectors and economic classifiers of the System of National  
Accounts" (Azrilian, 2004).  
The most famous Russian authors are V.V. Kovalev, G.V. Savitskaya, etc. The  
methodology for analyzing business activity proposed by them is based on the same  
indicators, but there are differences in the depth of the analysis.  
The most detailed analysis of business activity, covering all aspects of the enterprise,  
is given by V.V. Kovalev (2007).  
In addition to the usual indicators of business activity, such as the turnover of working  
capital and its components and the period of their turnover, it includes in the analysis of  
business activity indicators of the efficiency of the use of enterprise resources: material, labor  
and financial one (Kovalev and Volkova, 2000).  
O.V. Myasnikova considers business activity as a set of work of all employees of an  
enterprise, whose efforts are aimed at increasing the turnover of working resources and  
assets (Myasnikova, 2007).  
The main difference between foreign approaches and the approaches of Russian  
authors lies in their practical content, they are filled with specific examples and experience  
of firms. E. Helfert under business activity means the efficient use of assets entrusted by the  
owners to the managers of the company. There is also a close relation between the business  
activity of organizations and the functioning of the securities market. Thus, D. Stone and K.  
Hitching present business activity as a characteristic of the effectiveness of managing a  
company's asset portfolio (Stone and Hitching, 2009).  
2
. Materials and Methods  
When implementing the strategy of economic growth, it is important for enterprises  
to consider such important areas as: increasing the material and technical base of production,  
136  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
i.e. the amount of resources involved, which form the basis of the economic potential of  
enterprises; increasing the efficiency of resource use based on the intensification of  
production processes; identification and active use of reserves for increasing the efficiency of  
all production and commercial activities of the enterprise; systematic implementation of a  
comprehensive innovation policy, involving the introduction of new and modernized goods,  
technologies, deepening of specialization and expansion of production cooperation.  
The methodological basis of the study is modern scientific developments in the field  
of management, enterprise economics, innovation management, marketing, etc.  
The procedure for researching the business activity of enterprises should be divided  
into two main parts: identification of the weakest points in the activities of the enterprise  
that require active intervention and development of specific measures to eliminate these  
shortcomings.  
Unfortunately, it is rather difficult to develop a comprehensive quantitative  
assessment of the business activity of enterprises, since each enterprise has its own  
development program, its own opportunities for economic growth, specifics of innovation  
processes, etc.  
Therefore, one of the main indicators of the business activity of the enterprise is the  
timely fulfillment of the set strategic goals and development tasks for the studied period of  
time.  
It must be emphasized that economic growth and development are not the same thing.  
Growth can happen with or without development. Growth is an increase in certain  
indicators of enterprise: revenue, asset value, etc.  
The concept of enterprise development refers not so much to quantitative fund-  
forming indicators of growth and financial results of enterprises as to qualitative changes in  
the field: goods with improved technical and operational indicators, indicators of reliability,  
ergonomics, cost, etc.; production technologies that reduce labor intensity while improving  
product quality; management methods that allow, based on the methods of the digital  
economy, to make more balanced, most optimal decisions in the development of production  
and in the process of selling products; social policy of enterprises, which allows the most  
effective use of the main element of the driving force of progress: staff of enterprises, taking  
137  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
into account the increase in their interest in the results of labor (Bank, V. R., Bank, S. V. and  
Taraskina, 2006).  
It should be noted that the economic growth of indicators always has a certain limit  
due to the limitation of the resources used by the enterprise, therefore, the modern task of  
the development of enterprises is based on systematic and balanced growth, ensuring  
technical and economic progress in science and production (Voitolovsky, Kalinina and  
Mazurova, 2013).  
When considering economic growth in detail, the following areas of analysis for  
enterprises are often highlighted:  
time, at which the dynamics of the most important indicators in time for the  
studied period of time is determined, taking into account the rate of their change.  
industry, which determines the importance of an enterprise in the industry and  
the output of industry products;  
social, which provides social guarantees for the employees of the enterprise  
when the macroeconomic conditions change (level of employment, crisis, inflation, etc.).  
innovative, in which a policy of improving the quality of products, their  
competitiveness, regular updating of technologies, means of labor, etc. is implemented.  
3. Research Results  
The factors and directions that determine business activity of enterprises in modern  
conditions are shown in the Figure 1.  
We consider the above areas of research of enterprises’ business activity in more detail.  
Systematic growth and improvement of the material and technical base of production  
(
fixed and circulating assets, staff). The growth of factors of production is the starting point  
for the development of enterprises, since they provide the basis for increasing their  
production capacity and allow expanding the horizons of specialization and diversification  
of production in the future. An increase in the resources used by an enterprise in its activities  
is an important factor in extensive development, but does not exclude the active use of  
intensive factors.  
Balanced and consistent increase in the financial results of the enterprise. With an  
increase in production factors, it is not possible to obtain sufficiently fast return in the form  
of an increase in revenue and profit in practice. However, these indicators determine the  
138  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
effectiveness of growth and the purpose of carrying out various measures to improve the  
material and technical base of production.  
Figure 1. Factors and directions that determine the business activity of enterprises in modern  
conditions  
Factors and directions that determine the business activity of enterprises in the industry  
environment  
Systematic growth and improvement of the material and technical base of production  
(fixed and circulating assets, staff)  
Balanced and consistent increase in financial performance  
Increasing the efficiency of using all types of resources of the enterprise and its work as a  
whole, taking into account the use of extensive and intensive development factors  
Pursuing a policy of deepening specialization and diversification of production  
Growth of the innovative potential of the enterprise in all areas of activity (goods,  
technologies, means of production and communications, marketing, etc.)  
Effective management of human resources based on professional development, modern  
means of labor motivation, taking into account its effectiveness  
Conducting an effective financial policy to ensure liquidity, solvency and financial  
stability of the enterprise  
Improving the efficiency of enterprise cost management  
Ensuring compeаtent and effective promotion of goods in the markets of relevant products  
Growth of the business reputation of the enterprise and positioning in the industry  
environment based on competitive advantages  
Improving the efficiency of using all types of resources of the enterprise and its work  
as a whole, taking into account the use of extensive and intensive development factors. When  
developing an enterprise, as a rule, both methods are used, depending on the availability of  
funds for development. The efficiency of the enterprise is determined mainly by the  
indicators of profitability (assets, fixed and working capital, sales, etc.). All indicators of  
profitability with an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise should have a growth trend  
(
Helfert, 2008).  
139  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
Pursuing a policy of deepening specialization and diversification of production.  
Modern enterprises mainly have industry specialization, which is associated with the release  
of products for a specific purpose. In connection with the industry cooperation used in the  
manufacture of complex products, enterprises may have the following types of specialization:  
subject, involving the release of ready-to-use products of the enterprise; detailed, focused on  
the release of individual parts, assemblies, etc.; technological, which is focused on performing  
certain technological operations as separate types of production activities (metallurgical  
production) (Atkisson, 2015).  
Along with the development of specialization, enterprises are also diversifying their  
activities, which is understood as a self-regulating process of expanding the capabilities of  
an enterprise in various directions, most of which are interconnected and interdependent  
(Novikov, 2018).  
The main types of diversification of the enterprise are given in the Table 1.  
Table 1. Main types of diversification of enterprises  
Diversification type  
Scope of use  
Diversification  
production  
of Expansion of nomenclature and assortment of products  
by the enterprise  
Diversification of capital Distribution of financial resources in various innovative  
investment  
projects or an investment fund between securities with  
different returns and risks  
Diversification of industrial Expansion of the sphere of economic relations for the  
cooperation  
supply of components and semi-finished products  
Diversification of market  
Diversification  
technology  
Expansion of sales markets for manufactured products  
of Expansion of the technologies and know-how used by  
the enterprise  
Diversification of industry Expansion of the sphere of economic relations and  
introduction into other industries  
The main reasons and goals for the development of diversification at enterprises may  
be the following ones: enterprise with difficulties in selling the current range of products;  
most of the goods are at the stage of decline in the life cycle; need for the most complete use  
of production facilities (due to their complete or partial downtime); high level of competition  
in the market for relevant goods and there are analogous goods (including imported ones)  
140  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
that quickly capture the market; company purposefully reduces the risk of dependence on  
the market conditions for certain products, etc.  
There are certain types of industrial diversification that are of the greatest importance  
for machine-building enterprises, which are reflected in the Figure 2.  
Figure 2. Main types of diversification of production  
Diversification of production  
Nomenclature  
Assortment  
Innovative  
Content  
Content  
Content  
Increase in the types of  
products that correspond to  
the main specialization  
Increase in the subspecies of  
products corresponding to  
the main specialization  
(profile diversification)  
Increase in the range of manufactured  
products due to the development of new  
products that do not correspond to the  
main specialization (profile or non-core  
diversification)  
(
profile diversification)  
Growth of the innovative potential of the enterprise in all areas of activity (goods,  
technologies, means of production and communications, marketing, etc.)  
Today, each enterprise has a certain experience in introducing innovations (goods,  
technologies, materials, labor instruments, etc.), i.e. it has a certain innovative potential.  
In the most general approach, the innovative potential of an enterprise should be  
understood as the ability to develop and implement various innovations that provide:  
improving the quality of manufactured goods (structures) based on the main  
technical and economic characteristics;  
expansion of the range of products by means of new types;  
introduction of new technological processes, equipment, materials,  
organizational forms of labor and management, etc.  
The innovative activity of modern machine-building enterprises has many conditions  
for development, determined by:  
interest and financial support from the state and industry;  
financial well-being of the enterprises themselves, which have a sufficiently  
high level of self-financing;  
141  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
programs to stimulate scientific and technical developments in the field of  
mechanical engineering;  
presence and development of intellectual property.  
The introduction of promising innovations provides the enterprise not only  
experience in their development, but also the prospect of their development for a long period  
of time. The more actively the development of various innovations at the enterprise takes  
place, the higher its innovative potential and its business activity is (Komarova, Zamkovoi  
and Novikov, 2019).  
Effective management of human resources based on professional development,  
modern means of labor motivation, taking into account its effectiveness.  
The staff of enterprises is extremely important in the economy of any enterprise, since  
it largely determines the following: economic growth of enterprises for the production of  
competitive products in accordance with world achievements; development and  
implementation of a wide range of innovations: goods, technologies, methods of organizing  
production, use of modern means of labor; growth in labor productivity as an important  
factor in the intensification of production; introduction of innovative projects to update the  
material and technical base of production; increasing the efficiency of production and  
economic activities of enterprises in general; widespread use of the digital economy in their  
activities and other aspects.  
Conducting an effective financial policy to ensure liquidity, solvency and financial  
stability of the enterprise.  
Assessment of the financial condition of enterprises is an important component of its  
business activity, since it determines the level of their financial independence, the degree of  
loyalty of credit relations in the banking system and in relations with industry partners  
(
Petrova, 2020). This problem is urgent because many enterprises have difficulties in  
replenishing working capital for development and are often not always able to repay the  
loans taken on time and in full, which greatly complicates the rhythm of production and sales  
of products.  
In the process of financial and economic analysis we evaluate:  
142  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
rate of growth of the property of the enterprise, characterizing the expansion  
of economic activity, as well as the mobility of assets, which is determined by the ratio of  
non-current and circulating parts in the structure;  
level of liquidity of the company's assets, which largely determines the level of  
its solvency;  
level of financial stability, which is divided into absolute financial stability,  
normal, unstable financial position and crisis financial position;  
level of financial independence, which is mainly determined by the equity  
concentration ratio;  
financial indicators of business activity and efficiency of economic activity.  
Improving the efficiency of enterprise cost management.  
In the conditions of market competition, each manufacturer must commensurate his  
costs for the production and sale of products with the market opportunities, effective  
demand of buyers and costs of the main competitors. For this it is necessary to calculate and  
timely adjust the cost of goods, which can constantly change under the influence of internal  
production and external market factors (Kiselev, 2006).  
In a modern economy, the efficiency of cost management is the determining element  
of the economic and financial policies of enterprises. The cost management process includes:  
planning, control and adjustment of the cost of all types of products;  
analysis of the structure of the cost of goods and its changes;  
determination of economies of scale of production in the production of  
technologically similar products for the optimal adjustment of pricing policy;  
study the impact of changes in inflation on costs and other aspects.  
It is important to refract numerous changes in production through adjusting costs,  
which is extremely important for the development of a company's pricing policy for the  
future.  
Ensuring competent and effective promotion of goods in the markets of relevant  
products.  
The conditions for the accelerated development of the Russian economy are  
accompanied by a significant degree of uncertainty of market changes in the external  
environment of enterprises.  
143  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
In this situation, a promising marketing task is not only taking into account these  
changes, but also, to a large extent, the impact on the external environment and active  
participation in its formation. When enterprises follow the laws of market orientation, they  
are forced to take into account the interests of not only direct customers (consumers) of  
products, but also intermediate customers and even competitors.  
In the conditions of effective marketing, the enterprise closely interacts with the  
external environment, i.e. the market in the broadest sense of the word should be informed  
about the enterprise and its products, and the enterprise takes into account the specifics of  
the market conditions of individual manufactured goods to the maximum.  
Marketing costs are very important for the activities of enterprises, since they directly  
affect the level of overhead costs, production costs and their financial results (Efimova and  
Melnik, 2009).  
In general, the effectiveness of activities and costs associated with marketing can be  
determined by various factors and indicators, for example, growth of:  
1
.
regular customers and buyers of products;  
2
.
revenue from individual goods and enterprise as a whole;  
profits from the sale of products by type and by enterprise;  
relative reduction in unit costs associated with the implementation of  
3.  
4
.
marketing and other activities.  
Growth of the business reputation of the company and positioning in the industry  
environment based on competitive advantages.  
The market stability of an enterprise is determined by its ability to fairly quickly  
restructure to changes in market needs and market conditions, building up and  
demonstrating its competitive advantages in the industry environment.  
The conclusions of the analysis of the market stability of the enterprise should contain  
the following main elements:  
to what extent the company is able to maintain its main specialization in an  
unstable economic environment and what are the main economic reasons and consequences  
of the changes that have occurred;  
to what extent the production potential of the enterprise is able to develop,  
update and modernize its products;  
144  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
what is the level of competitiveness of manufactured products in Russian  
market and is there potential for its increase;  
what competitive positions the company has achieved and what strategic goals  
the company can implement to strengthen or increase the achieved level;  
what is the financial stability of the enterprise and its stock, which is possible  
when building long-term plans;  
what are the potential adaptations of the enterprise to possible changes in the  
market conditions of goods, etc.  
4
. Discussion  
In view of the urgent need for enterprises, first of all, the restoration of the level of  
economic activity to the pre-crisis level, there is a problem of the minimum period for  
carrying out the relevant measures, which is quite controversial. In these conditions each  
company individually assesses its damage and develops its own plan for returning to  
previously set goals.  
The timing of bringing enterprises to the pre-crisis level today is quite difficult to  
determine, however, due to the qualifications and creative initiative of staff at the enterprises,  
planned calculations are already being made to adjust the production program for the next  
period of time, taking into account the intensification of business activity (Khotinskaya,  
2018).  
According to experts, the recovery period can last from 1 to 3 years (Dontsova, 2015).  
Since modern machine-building enterprises have a high level of cooperation in  
production, their ability to overcome the crisis is directly related to the work of related  
enterprises to provide the necessary semi-finished products and components.  
An important element of their activities is their regular production diversification,  
which can solve the problem of the fullest use of production capacities, as well as the  
employment of staff during the recovery period.  
Debatable is the question of deepening specialization or using production  
diversification. Various researchers try to justify these methods from different angles.  
However, it is practically impossible to get an unambiguous answer to this question, since it  
depends on the development of the market conditions in new conditions and the  
accumulated experience in the production of the company's products (Khotinskaya, 2018).  
145  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
The planned and implemented innovative projects of enterprises can be largely  
suspended or ranked according to the terms of development due to the limited or lack of  
funding.  
The primary tasks of enterprises in the current conditions, requiring an integrated  
approach and increased business activity, should be considered: ensuring expedient planned  
work in the formation of the product range; consistent increase in the efficiency of the  
resources used and the enterprise as a whole; rational promotion of innovative projects  
outlined by the strategic plan; implementation of a competent marketing policy within a  
certain budget; maximum retention of staff; consistent advancement of the previously  
outlined social policy.  
Conclusion  
In the modern economy, business activity of enterprises is understood as the ability of  
an enterprise to achieve planned economic growth and development with the widespread  
use of the entire range of extensive and intensive methods to improve the efficiency of its  
activities.  
In a detailed study of economic growth, the following areas for enterprises are often  
identified:  
time, which determines the dynamics of the most important indicators in time  
for the studied period of time, taking into account the rate of their change.  
industry, which determines the importance of an enterprise in the industry and  
the output of industry products;  
social, providing social guarantees to the employees of the enterprise when the  
macroeconomic conditions change (level of employment, crisis, inflation, etc.);  
innovative, in which a policy of improving the quality of products, their  
competitiveness, regular updating of technologies, means of labor, etc. is implemented.  
When studying the business activity of enterprises, it is advisable to consider:  
1
.
Planned growth and improvement of the material and technical base of  
production (fixed and circulating assets, staff).  
2
.
Balance and consistent increase in the financial results of the enterprise.  
Improving the efficiency of using all types of resources of the enterprise and its  
3.  
work as a whole, taking into account the use of extensive and intensive development factors.  
146  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
4
.
Pursuing a policy of deepening specialization and diversification of production.  
Growth of the innovative potential of the enterprise in all areas of activity  
5.  
(
goods, technologies, means of production and communications, marketing, etc.).  
Effective management of human resources based on advanced training, modern  
means of labor motivation, taking into account its effectiveness.  
Conducting an effective financial policy to ensure liquidity, solvency and  
financial stability of the enterprise.  
6
.
7
.
8.  
Improving the efficiency of enterprise cost management.  
9.  
Ensuring competent and effective promotion of goods in the markets of  
relevant products.  
0. Growth of the business reputation of the company and positioning in the  
1
industry environment based on competitive advantages.  
The market stability of an enterprise is determined by its ability to fairly quickly  
restructure to changes in market needs and market conditions, building up and  
demonstrating its competitive advantages in the industry environment.  
Market stability is manifested in the following indicators:  
1
.
Maintaining industry specialization and consistently increasing market share  
for main products.  
Dynamics of growth in the share of goods with a high level of competitiveness,  
confirmed by various awards and diplomas at industry exhibitions.  
High level of self-financing of the enterprise development, i.e. the self-financing  
2
.
3.  
ratio exceeds 70%, while determining high development opportunities at the expense of its  
own funds and has investment attractiveness.  
4
.
Active participation in national, regional, sectoral projects in promising areas  
of development of the country's economy on a competitive basis, etc.  
References  
Abramsky, E.A. (2001). Currency market. Fundamental and technical analysis. Khabarovsk: Far  
Eastern Institute of International Business.  
Abryutina, M.S., & Grachev, A.V. (2001). Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the  
enterprise. Moscow: Business and service.  
147  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
Atkisson, A. (2015). How sustainable development can change the world. Moscow: Binomial.  
Knowledge lab.  
Azrilian, A.N. (2004). Big economic dictionary. Moscow: Institute of New Economy.  
Bank, V.R., Bank, S.V., & Taraskina, A.V. (2006). The financial analysis. Moscow: Business and  
service.  
Dontsova, L.V. (2015). Analysis of accounting (financial) statements. Moscow: Business and Service.  
Efimova, O.V., & Melnik, M.V. (2009). Analysis of financial statements: textbook. manual for  
university students studying in the specialties "Finance and Credit", "Accounting, Analysis and Audit".  
Moscow: Omega-L.  
Helfert, E. (2008). Financial Analysis Technique: The Way to Business Value Creation. Saint  
Petersburg: Piter.  
Khotinskaya, G.I. (2018). Business activity of business as a factor of economic growth. Pricing models and  
financial instruments. Moscow: RuScience.  
Kiselev, A.P. (2006). Theory and practice of modern business. Kiev: Libra.  
Komarova, N.V., Zamkovoi, A.A., & Novikov, S.V. (2019). The Fourth Industrial Revolution  
and Staff Development Strategy in Manufacturing. Russian Engineering Research, 39(4), 330-333.  
https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068798X19040105  
Kovalev, V.V. (2007). Finance. Moscow: Prospect.  
Kovalev, V.V., & Volkova, O.N. (2000). Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise: textbook.  
Moscow: Prospect.  
Myasnikova, O.V. (2007). Statistical study of business activity (for example, retail trade and transport).  
Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Economics and Finance.  
Novikov, S.V. (2018). The features of innovative processes in the Russian Federation:  
Analysis of current practices. Espacios, 39(39), 2.  
Petrova, V.I. (2020). Analysis of the economic activity of a machine-building enterprise. Moscow:  
Mechanical Engineering.  
Pinkovetskaia, I. S., Aleksandrova, N. R., Treskova, T. V., & Veas Iniesta, D. S. (2021). Present  
Innovation Policy: Russian Regions Data. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(69), 146-163.  
https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.08  
Poloskov, S.S., & Zheltenkov, A.V. (2018). High-tech and high-tech enterprises and their  
positioning in a competitive environment. Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series:  
Economics, 2, 155-163.  
148  
REVISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. 3ª época. Año 12 N° 34, 2021  
Lyudmila M. Putyatina et al. /// Business activity of enterprises as a factor in accelerating … 133-149  
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.09  
Putyatina, L.M., & Arsenyeva, N.V. (2020). The problem of market stability of machine-  
building enterprises in the modern economy. Economics, Entrepreneurship and Law, 10(3), 763-  
7
44.  
Stone, D., & Hitching, K. (2009). Accounting and financial analysis: a preparatory course. Saint  
Petersburg: Litera plus.  
Voitolovsky, N.V., Kalinina, A.P., & Mazurova, I.I. (2013). Economic analysis. Foundations of the  
theory. Comprehensive analysis of the organization's economic activities: a textbook for bachelors.  
Moscow: Urait.  
Zverev, A., Mandron, V., Rebrina, T., Mishina, M., & Karavaeva, Y. (2021). Investment policy  
of the banking sector: data from Russia. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 149-162.  
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.14  
149