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V.G. Kaishev & O.V. Sycheva // The contribution of food security in the region of … 121-130

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.33.09

The Caucasus Mineral Waters Region and its contribution to food

security

V.G. Kaishev *

O.V. Sycheva **

ABSTRACT

LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev" and LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant" are a

modern agricultural holding, which carries out a full closed cycle - from the production of

animal feed and raw milk to a wide range of dairy products. Objective: Analysis of the

contribution of the Caucasus Mineral Waters region to food security, by studying the

productive efficiency of the agricultural holding LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V.

Kaishev" LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant". Materials and methods. Data of statistical reporting,

zootechnical and production accounting, subjected to systematization and critical analysis

by the method of scientific knowledge. Results. Production buildings are located on a flat

hill, and around the land for growing feed, which allows to provide all livestock with feed of

own production. The daily volume of milk supplied for processing to “Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant”

LLC is about 40 tons. Milk production is cost effective. In the near future, it is planned to

increase the dairy herd from 1200 to 3860 heads and milk production to 200 tons.

Conclusion. The key to obtaining high milk productivity and milk quality is optimal

conditions for keeping, feeding and milking animals. This is a serious contribution to solving

the problem of food security in the KMV region (Kavkazskie Mineralnye Vody).

KEYWORDS: dairy farming; food safety; agricultural holding, milk; production.

*

Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-7907. E- mail: kvg541@yandex.ru

^*^*Professor,

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-7508. E-mail: olga-sycheva@mail.ru

Stavropol,

Russia

Recibido: 17/02/2021

Aceptado: 22/04/2021

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La Región Aguas Minerales del Cáucaso y su contribución a la

seguridad alimentaria

RESUMEN

LLC "Agrofirma" Village que lleva el nombre de G.V. Kaishev "y LLC" Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant

"

son una explotación agrícola moderna, que lleva a cabo un ciclo cerrado completo, desde la

producción de alimentos para animales y leche cruda hasta una amplia gama de productos

lácteos. Objetivo: Análisis de la contribución de la región Aguas Minerales del Cáucaso a la

seguridad alimentaria, mediante el estudio de la eficiencia productiva de la explotación

agrícola LLC "Agrofirma" Village que lleva el nombre de GV Kaishev "LLC" Pyatigorsk Dairy

Plant". Materiales y métodos. Datos de reporte estadístico, zootecnia y contabilidad de

producción, sometidos a sistematización y análisis crítico por el método del conocimiento

científico. Resultados. Los edificios de producción están ubicados en una colina plana y

alrededor de la tierra para el cultivo de piensos, lo que permite proporcionar a todo el ganado

pienso de producción propia. El volumen diario de leche suministrada para su procesamiento

a “Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant” LLC es de aproximadamente 40 toneladas. La producción de leche

es rentable. En un futuro próximo, se prevé aumentar el hato lechero de 1200 a 3860 cabezas

y la producción de leche a 200 toneladas. Conclusión. La clave para obtener una alta

productividad y calidad de la leche son las condiciones óptimas para el mantenimiento, la

alimentación y el ordeño de los animales. Esta es una contribución importante para resolver

el problema de la seguridad alimentaria en la región de Kavkazskie Mineralnye Vody (KMV).

PALABRAS CLAVE: ganadería lechera; seguridad alimentaria; explotación agrícola, leche;

producción.

Introduction

Sustainable provision of dairy products to the population of the country is one of the

priority tasks of state policy aimed at creating conditions for food security. Food security of

the region the ability of the food system to provide foodstuffs stably and evenly throughout

the year for all categories of the population of the relevant territories in the amount of

consumption that meets scientifically grounded medical standards.

This article is divided into five sections. This introduction is followed by a brief review

of the literature on the role of agricultural holdings combining milk production and

processing in providing dairy products to regions. The following sections outline the

purpose, methods and results of the study, which reveal its essence by analyzing all stages of

milk production. In conclusion, the conclusions on the work are presented, confirming the

contribution of this agricultural holding to the food security of the KMV region.

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Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. G. Khramtsov emphasizes the role

of holding companies in increasing the production of rawmilk (for example, two agricultural

enterprises - "Novomaryevskoe" and "Milk Chernozemya") (Khramtsov, 2017).

According to I.G. Mezenchuk, specific regions in ensuring food security are special

resort regions (Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Mineral Waters), in which the assessment of

food security should take into account the number of visitors and growing environmental

problems in the development of the region, the possibility of developing alternative activities

(

Mezenchuk, 2016; Rodríguez & Mirabal, 2020).

At the same time, the basis for ensuring food security in the region is to increase the

efficiency of dairy cattle breeding and the production of raw milk sufficient for processing

capacities. This is facilitated by the creation of a solid feed base, improvement of the

organizational and economic structure of the pricing industry and state support

(

Trukhachev et al., 2018).

A.I. Trubilin et al. note the expediency of organizing on-farm industrial milk

processing in the context of aggravated competition in the regional agri-food market and

significant price disparity. Improving relationships along the chain "production - processing

-

sale" allows producers to quickly respond to external competition, form and implement

strategic solutions for the best use of available resources (Trubilin et al., 2017).

One of the options for improving the organizational and economic relations of the

subjects of the market for milk and dairy products on an innovative basis is the formation of

clusters or the creation of agricultural holdings uniting the interests of milk producers and

processors (Eydis & Chutcheva, 2014; Stolyarova & Stolyarova, 2017; Misakov et al, 2018).

The Kavkazskie Mineralnye Vody region, which is part of the Stavropol Territory, is

experiencing a significant shortage of raw milk and underutilized processing facilities

(

Sycheva, 2018).

Objective of the work: Analysis of the contribution of the Caucasus Mineral Waters

region to food security, by studying the productive efficiency of the agricultural holding LLC

Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev" LLC "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant".

"

1

. Materials and methods

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Statistical reporting data, zootechnical and production accounting, subjected to

systematization and critical analysis by the method of scientific knowledge ¹.

2

. Results and discussion

The largest European-level agricultural holding in the North Caucasian Federal

District (NCFD), LLC “Agrofirma “Village named after G.V. Kaishev,” LLC “Pyatigorsk Dairy

Plant”, focused on the production of elite milk raw materials and efficient milk processing,

celebrates its 15th anniversary. This is practically the first complex in the region of the

Caucasian Mineral Waters (KMV), which has its own feed and raw materials base, which

allows organizing the entire production chain - from the production of animal feed and raw

milk to the production of a finished natural dairy product in modern aseptic packaging.

In 2005, literally in an open field on a hill near the village of Suvorovskaya in the

Stavropol Krai, the first production building was built using American technology for

keeping a milking herd and elite Holstein-Friesian animals were brought in. Milking of cows

is provided in the milking parlor with the use of “Europarallel” milking equipment for 40

places of simultaneous milking. Later, two more buildings for dairy cows, silage and haylage

trenches, manure lagoons for 14 thousand cubic meters were put into operation. m, sanitary

access, housing for dry cows, engineering networks, communications.

The territory for the construction of the complex was chosen very well - the

production buildings were built on a flat hill, and there are grounds for growing fodder

around (Figure 1). The problem with the food supply for this enterprise was solved from the

very beginning.

Keeping cows in LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev" is loosely.

Animals are housed in three spacious buildings, each of which can accommodate 576 animals.

The cows are housed in sections equipped with three-layer polyurethane mats for resting

animals. Each section is designed for 71 heads of simultaneous housing. Manure removal is

hydraulic flush using a delta scraper.

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Figure 1. The territory of the complex of LLC Agrofirma" Village named after G. V. Kaishev"

The feeding is the same type all year round using homogenized feed mixtures. Diets

are balanced in nutritional value and energy value. Distribution of feed is carried out using

self-propelled mixer-feeders "SILOKING" (Germany) and "KUHN" (France), thanks to

which effective management of feed stocks is carried out. An electronic weighing system,

included as standard, ensures accurate control of the amount of food ingredients loaded and

dispensed. At the same time, cows have free access to clean drinking water around the clock.

High-quality livestock, well-organized zootechnical work with the herd allowed the

farm of LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev" to obtain the status of a pedigree

reproducer.

Outstanding cows-record holders are annually marked according to the results of

grading. The presence of record-breaking cows in the herd is one of the indicators of the

effective operation of the complex. They demonstrate the potential of the breed in specific

phenotypic conditions (table 1). In 2017-2018 the excess of the productivity of record-

breaking cows over the herd averages ranged from 28,4 to 39,6 %. In 2019, these were cows:

Zhusi (line of the bull Vis Back Aydial 1013415) and Zhetske (line of the bull Reflection

Sovering 198998), the productivity of which, in terms of the base milk fat content of 3,4%,

exceeds the average indicators for the herd, respectively 84.3 and 73,6%. This "gap" is

explained by the increase in milk yield of record-holders in 2019 from 14,5-15,0 thousand

kg/head. up to 18,0 to 19,0 thousand kg/head.

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Table 1. Cows-record-holders LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev"

Cow productivity in 365

In terms

Inv.

days of lactation

Year

Nickname

Aleida

Line

of basis

number

Milk

yield,

Fat,

%

Protein

, %

fat

Vis Back

Aydial 1013415

Vis Back

Aydial 1013415

2

155

362

13305

3,8

3,13

14870,3

3

95

2017

2

Tonnee

11893

9857

4,15

3,90

3,80

3,25

3,30

3,25

14519,9

11306,6

14825,6

Average for the herd in the current

year

Reflection

Sovering

Vis Back

7

13

Teenie 48

Piedgeb

13265

2018

9676

13166

9572

4,06

4,00

3,49

3,30

15721,8

11261,2

242

Aydial 1013415

Average for the herd this year

Vis Back

Aydial 1013415

2294

Zhusi

14515

4,48

3,15

19125,6

Reflection

Sovering

2019

4

104

Zhetske

14480

9825

4,23

3,59

3,28

3,31

18014,8

10374,0

1

98998

Average for the herd this year

Dynamics of herd milk productivity in 2018-2020 demonstrates a positive trend

figure 2).

(

1

2000

0000

000

1

8

6

4

2000

0

2

018

2

019

Year

Milk yield in terms of basic fat content, kg / head.

2020

Actual milk yield, kg / head.

Figure 2. Dynamics of milk productivity of cows LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V.

Kaishev"

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Average annual milk yield for 2018-2020 amounted to 9871 kg/head actual fat content

and 11067 kg/head base fat (3,4%). In 2019, the farm noted a slight decrease in the amount of

milk of basic fat content, which is confirmed by data on the content of protein and fat (table

2).

Table 2. The content of fat and protein in the milk of cows LLC "Agrofirma" Village named

after G.V. Kaishev"

Study period

Content, %

2018

2019

3,59

2020

3,85

Fat

4,00

Protein

3,30

3,31

3,34

In 2019, there was also a decrease in the mass fraction of fat in milk by 10,3% compared

to 2018. However, the protein content in milk has a positive trend, which is a consequence of

properly organized feeding and selection and breeding work.

For artificial insemination, the seed of the best breeding bulls of the Holstein breed of

Canadian and American selection is used: Vis Back Aydial 1013415 and Reflection Sovering

1

98998. For breeding cows on the farm, one of the best practices is used - the use of genetic

material, divided by sex, that is, sexed semen, during insemination. The advantage of using

such a seed is an increase in the breeding stock, the output of heifers from sexed semen is

from 90 to 98% with a high genetic potential. Analysis of reproduction indicators (table 3),

in particular, the output of calves from 100 cows 83-84 heads in 2019-2020, compared with

7

6 heads in 2018 indicates effective work with the herd.

Table 3. Indicators of reproduction of the herd of LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V.

Kaishev"

Artificially inseminated cows

and heifers

Introduced

into the

herd of

first-calf

heifers,

Duration of

production

use of cows,

calving

Calf yield from

100 cows,

heads

including bulls-

Year

total,

head.

improvers

heads

%

heads

2

018

019

020

76

83

84

344

475

597

1641

1646

1832

840

359

1236

51,2

21,8

67,4

3,2

2,6

2,8

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In 2019-2020, a planned “cleaning” was carried out in the dairy herd, as a result, a large

number of cows were culled within two years, and the maximum number of first-calf heifers

was introduced into the herd: in 2019 - 475 heads, and in 2020 - 597 heads, which in 2019

adversely affected both the quantitative value of milk yield and the fat content in milk, since

first-calf heifers reach maximum indicators only by 2-3 calving. For this reason, the period of

economic use of cows has slightly decreased from 3.2 in 2018 to 2.8 calving in 2020.

Comfortable conditions have been created for milking cows: from the equipment of

the milking parlor and the primary processing of milk from De Laval and high hygiene

standards to the sounds of classical music that improve the milk flow process (figure 3).

Figure 3. Milking parlor of the dairy complex LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V.

Kaishev"

Immediately after receipt, milk is cooled to a temperature not exceeding 6 ° C and

stored in an isothermal tank until it is sent for processing. On average, about 40 tons of milk

of actual fat content (on average 3,81%) are supplied to Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant LLC per day,

which makes it possible to obtain a variety of dairy products.

It is important that in LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V. Kaishev" milk

production is profitable (table 4). Over three years, the livestock of fodder cows increased

slightly by 2,9%, while the volume of milk production increased by 10,7%, which is a direct

consequence of the increase in the milk productivity of the herd. At the same time,

maintenance costs increased by 34,4% and the cost of milk production increased by 26,9%.

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As a result, profit fell by 13,5%, and profitability dropped to 10%. However, such a decrease

is a temporary phenomenon, since at the expense of the funds from the profit, the enterprise

purchased new houses for keeping the young, which in the future will help to increase its

safety.

Table 4. Economic efficiency of milk production in LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after G.V.

Kaishev"

Indicator

2020 in%

to 2018

102,9

2

018

2019

2020

Livestock of forage cows, head.

including dairy cows, head.

Maintenance costs, thousand

rubles

1138

1072

1138

1088

1171

1079

100,7

134,4

2

67505

283636

359430

Milk production volume, t

Sales proceeds, thousand rubles

Cost of milk production,

thousand rubles

10883,6

276719

11842,9 12045,2

110,7

122,8

126,9

322162

339727

241424

219507

306207

Profit, thousand rubles

Profitability,%

35295

14,6

102655

46,7

30520

10,0

86,5

In the near future, LLC Agrofirma Village named after G.V. Kaishev plans to build

another production building for 2660 heads and increase the number of dairy herds from 1200

to 3860 heads, which will increase the share of its own raw materials to 50% (200 tons of

milk) the daily processing volume of "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant" LLC.

Conclusion

The key to obtaining high milk productivity and milk quality is optimal conditions for

keeping, feeding and milking animals. Well-organized zootechnical and veterinary work

with the herd, a sufficient level of feeding is ensured in LLC "Agrofirma" Village named after

G.V. Kaishev" milk yield 9870,6 (on average for three years) with a fat content of 3,81% and

protein 3,32 %.

The successful work of the agroholding LLC "Agrofirma "Village named after G. V.

Kaishev" served as an example for the creation of another association of milk producers and

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processors in the region – LLC "Kazminsky Dairy Plant". The annual milk production is more

than 13,800 tons ².

Such a quantity of high-quality milk is a serious contribution to ensuring the

processing capacities of "Pyatigorsk Dairy Plant" LLC and solving the problem of food

security in the KMV region.

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