Revista
de Ciencias Sociales (RCS)
Vol. XXX, Número Especial 10,
julio/diciembre 2024. pp. 25-38
FCES
- LUZ ● ISSN: 1315-9518 ● ISSN-E: 2477-9431
Como citar: Lara-Paredes, S. J., Alcívar-Junco, G.
D. C., y Pérez-Cepeda, M. (2024). Youth
criminal intentions under the scope of the theory of planned behavior. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, XXX(Número Especial 10), 25-38.
Purchase intention related to legitimacy,
uncertainty and innovation
Delso Vicente, Alberto
Tomás*
Blanco González, Alicia
Cándida**
Paule Vianez, Jessica***
Aguado-Tevar, Oscar****
Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in
understanding the purchase intention and acceptance of electric vehicles. In
this regard, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the context
of sustainable mobility, focusing on purchase intention, perception of
innovation, perception of legitimacy and uncertainty. A systematic literature
review methodology was employed, covering articles published since 2005 in
English and Spanish. The main results revealed a positive correlation between
the availability of government incentives and purchase intention of electric
vehicles, as well as the importance of effective communication of innovation to
increase adoption. Furthermore, the relevance of uncertainty management and
legitimacy as key factors was highlighted. In conclusion, these results have
significant implications for the formulation of communication strategies,
government incentive policies and the improvement of charging infrastructure to
promote the adoption of electric vehicles and sustainable mobility.
Keywords: Purchase intention,
perception of innovation; legitimacy; uncertainty; electric vehicles.
Intención
de compra relacionada con la legitimidad, la incertidumbre y la innovación
Resumen
En
la actualidad existe un creciente interés en comprender la intención de compra
y la aceptación de los vehículos eléctricos. En este sentido, este estudio
tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en el contexto de la
movilidad sostenible, centrándose en la intención de compra, la percepción de
innovación, la percepción de legitimidad y la incertidumbre. Se empleó una
metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura, que abarcó artículos
publicados desde 2005 en inglés y español. Los principales resultados revelaron
una correlación positiva entre la disponibilidad de incentivos gubernamentales
y la intención de compra de vehículos eléctricos, así como la importancia de
una comunicación eficaz de la innovación para aumentar la adopción. Además, se
destacó la relevancia de la gestión de la incertidumbre y la legitimidad como
factores clave. En conclusión, estos resultados tienen implicaciones
significativas para la formulación de estrategias de comunicación, políticas de
incentivos gubernamentales y la mejora de la infraestructura de carga para
promover la adopción de vehículos eléctricos y la movilidad sostenible.
Palabras
clave: Intención de compra, percepción de innovación;
legitimidad; incertidumbre; vehículos eléctricos.
Introduction
Currently, there is a growing
interest in understanding the purchase intention and acceptance of Electric
Vehicles (EV), especially in the context of sustainable mobility and the
transition towards cleaner forms of transport (Holden et al., 2020; Almansour,
2022; Corradi, Sica & Morone, 2023). This approach is justified by the
crucial mass adoption of EVs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address
climate change (Luna et al., 2020; Llopis-Albert, Palacios-Marqués &
Simón-Moya, 2021; Panoutsou et al., 2021). This research seeks to identify the
key factors influencing EV purchase intention, perception of innovation and
uncertainty management by consumers and businesses. Its relevance lies in
informing market strategies, public policies and business decisions that drive
EV adoption, contributing to sustainable mobility and climate change
mitigation.
The EV industry has undergone
significant transformations in recent years, driven by technological advances,
changes in consumer preferences, and an increased focus on environmental
sustainability (Bonsu, 2020; Muratori et al., 2021). It is relevant to study
the legitimacy and acceptance of EVs in the current environment due to their
impact on sustainable mobility and the automotive market (Corradi et al.,
2023). This study will contribute to understanding how the aforementioned
variables affect consumer decisions and business strategies, being essential to
address the challenges and opportunities of the transition towards cleaner and
more efficient mobility.
This study will address the
purchase intention of EVs, the perception of innovation in this sector, and the
management of uncertainty by consumers and companies. Purchase intention refers
to the willingness of an individual or company to purchase an EV. Innovation
perception focuses on how consumers and businesses perceive new EV technologies
and features compared to internal combustion vehicles (Tchetchik et al., 2020;
Hoeft, 2021). Uncertainty management looks at how EV-related concerns such as
range, maintenance costs, and charging infrastructure availability are managed
(LaMonaca & Ryan, 2022; Patil, Kazemzadeh & Bansal, 2023).
It is important to study these
variables because of their impact on the automotive industry and consumer decisions.
Previous authors such as Corradi et al. (2023) have highlighted the need to
investigate how these variables influence EV acceptance and adoption,
highlighting their relevance to understanding purchasing behaviors and business
strategies in a transitional mobility context.
Despite the growing interest
in EV legitimacy and acceptance, there is a gap in the literature regarding the
integration of purchase intention, innovation perception, and uncertainty
variables into a comprehensive analysis. Authors such as Kumar & Alok
(2020); and Mukherjee & Ryan (2020), have highlighted the importance of
studies that address these variables together to better understand EV adoption
processes and their implications for the automotive industry. The research
questions for this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) include:
RQ1: What are the determinants
of EV purchase intention?
RQ2: How does it affect the
perception of innovativeness by consumers and firms?
RQ3: How is uncertainty
managed in the perspective of purchase intention?
RQ4: How does it affect the
perception of legitimacy by consumers and firms?
RQ5: What are the implications
of these factors for market strategies and public policies related to EVs?
The main objective of this
research is to analyze the factors that influence the legitimacy and acceptance
of EVs, specifically purchase intention, perception of innovativeness, and
uncertainty. Sub-objectives include identifying the key determinants of
purchase intention, analyzing the relationship between perception of
innovativeness and EV acceptance, and exploring how uncertainties associated
with EVs are managed. These points are crucial to understanding consumer
attitudes and informing effective strategies to promote this technology.
This article brings originality
by systematically and multidisciplinarily integrating the variables of purchase
intention, perception of innovation and uncertainty, providing a complete and
updated view of the dynamics that affect sustainable mobility.
The methodology of this
research is based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), using specific tools
and criteria for the selection and analysis of relevant studies on purchase
intention, perception of innovation and uncertainty in EVs. The methodology
proposed by Ling et al. (2021); and Lutfi et al. (2022) will be used,
recognized for their experience in the analysis of factors that influence the
adoption of sustainable technologies.
1. Electric Vehicles (EV): Purchase intention,
perception of innovation and management of uncertainty
Purchase intention for
electric vehicles (EVs) is a central concept in consumer psychology and
purchasing behavior. According to Rogers’ innovation adoption model, purchase
intention reflects the willingness of an individual or firm to adopt an
innovation, in this case, EVs (Sahin, 2006). Factors such as perceived relative
advantages, value, lifestyle compatibility, perceived complexity, and
observability influence the formation of this intention (Rezvani, Jansson &
Bodin, 2015; Jaramillo-Bernal, Robao-Pinzón
& Rojas-Berrio, 2018).
Consumer behavior theory is
essential to understanding EV adoption. This theory focuses on how individual
preferences, attitudes, and perceptions influence purchase decisions,
innovation perception, and uncertainty management. Research such as Zhang, Bai
& Shang (2018); and Gong, Ardeshiri & Rashidi (2020), underscore the
importance of factors such as government incentives, environmental concerns,
and perceived advantages in EV adoption. By analysing consumers’ motivations
and decision-making processes, this theory offers valuable insights for
designing effective marketing strategies and policies that promote sustainable
mobility and EV adoption.
Several studies have
investigated the variables that affect EV acceptance and purchase intentions. Wu,
Liao & Wang (2020), assessed factors influencing the acceptance of
autonomous EVs in China, revealing a positive relationship between
environmental concern and perceived usefulness. Featherman et al. (2021); and
Rotaris, Giansoldati & Scorrano (2021), analysed the effect of consumer
knowledge about EVs, perceived risks, usefulness and financial incentives,
finding that knowledge increases usefulness and purchase intention but
decreases perceived risks.
Jain, Bhaskar & Jain (2022),
identified economic benefits and charging risk as factors affecting EV
adoption, while Singh, Singh & Vaibhav (2020) highlighted efficiency,
driving pleasure and economic benefits as motivators in the UK. These studies
demonstrate the multifaceted nature of the determinants of EV adoption, ranging
from economic incentives to environmental concerns and technological factors.
Furthermore, other studies
have identified key determinants for early EV adopters in the US, showing that
they tend to be highly educated and environmentally conscious. Social identity
variables such as social norms and collective efficacy also influence EV
uptake, with cost factors being particularly significant. Cost considerations
have consistently emerged as a key variable in EV adoption, highlighting the
importance of pricing strategies and subsidy policies in stimulating EV market
growth.
The Technology Acceptance
Model (TAM) states that a user’s intention to adopt a technology is influenced
by perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Davis, 1989). In
the context of electric vehicles (EVs), the TAM suggests that consumers are
more likely to adopt EVs if they view them as beneficial in terms of cost
reduction, improved convenience, and alignment with their lifestyle (Xu et al.,
2020; Jain et al., 2022). This model highlights that positive perceptions about
the usefulness and ease of use of EVs can increase adoption rates (Zhang et
al., 2022).
The literature review
highlights extensive research on the determinants of EV purchase, with an
emphasis on attitudes, perceptions, and external factors such as price and
incentives. However, the limited focus on user attitudes and perceptions in
existing studies could result in suboptimal strategies for expanding the EV
market to a broader consumer base.
Given the changing nature of
the EV market and evolving consumer awareness, this study aims to contribute by
analyzing technological concerns and personal attitudes, focusing on the
emerging EV market in South Korea as a case study. Innovation perception refers
to how consumers and businesses evaluate the innovative features of electric
vehicles (EVs) compared to internal combustion vehicles. Rogers' innovation
diffusion theory is relevant here, as it describes how this perception affects the
adoption of new technologies. Factors such as relative advantage, compatibility
with needs and values, perceived complexity, trialability, and effective
communication of the innovation influence the perception and acceptance of EVs
(Yuen et al., 2020; Yuen et al., 2021).
The relative advantage of EVs,
compared to conventional vehicles, is crucial. This includes fuel savings,
reduced environmental impact, and lower maintenance costs. The compatibility of
EVs with needs, values, and lifestyles is also important. Consumers are more
likely to adopt EVs if they align with their values of sustainability,
technological advancement, and convenience.
The perceived complexity of EV
technology and infrastructure is another relevant factor. Consumers may avoid
EVs if they find them complicated to use or if the charging infrastructure is
not accessible. The ability to try out EVs before purchase also influences the
perception of innovation. Positive experiences in test drives or short-term
rentals can significantly increase confidence in and acceptance of EVs.
Effective communication of
innovation is essential to shaping perception. A clear message about the
benefits, features, and value of EVs can mitigate uncertainties and
misconceptions, leading to more favorable perceptions and higher adoption
rates. Recent studies by Kumar & Alok (2020), underline the multifaceted
nature of innovation perception in EV adoption. Their research emphasizes the
importance of addressing these factors holistically to foster a positive perception
of innovation and accelerate widespread market acceptance of EVs.
Uncertainty management refers
to how individuals and organizations handle doubts and concerns associated with
electric vehicle (EV) adoption. According to Simon's (1990) theory of bounded
rationality, EV adoption involves decisions under uncertainty, such as battery
range, charging point availability, maintenance costs, and technological
depreciation. Strategies such as information seeking, socialization, and risk
minimization are relevant to manage this uncertainty (Dequech, 2001; Broadbent,
Metternicht & Wiedmann, 2021).
In the context of EV adoption,
uncertainty management is crucial. Simon's (1972) theory of bounded rationality
helps to understand decision making under uncertainty, especially relevant to
EVs. A main uncertainty is battery range and charging infrastructure (Noel et
al., 2020; Metais et al., 2022). Consumers often worry about range limitations
and charging point accessibility, especially on long trips. Strategies to
manage this uncertainty include providing accurate information on range
capabilities (Sun, Neumann & Harrison, 2020) and promoting advances in
fast-charging technologies to reduce charging times (Wassiliadis et al., 2021).
Uncertainty theory, in the
context of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, addresses consumers’ perceived risks
when considering this technology. Perceived uncertainty about EV durability,
maintenance costs, and reliability significantly influences consumers’
willingness to adopt them (Nowzohour & Stracca, 2020; Featherman et al.,
2021; Chidambaram et al., 2023). Effective uncertainty management can increase
confidence in the legitimacy of EVs, but persistent challenges such as
maintenance costs and durability need to be addressed to encourage broader
adoption (Hauschild, Kara & Røpke, 2020; Zhang et al., 2022).
Maintenance costs pose
uncertainties for potential EV buyers (Júnior et al., 2023). Although EVs
require less maintenance than traditional vehicles due to having fewer moving
parts, consumers may be hesitant about costs and availability of specialized
services. Transparent information about maintenance schedules and warranty
coverage can alleviate these concerns (Orsini et al., 2020).
Technological depreciation of
EVs also affects adoption decisions (Kumar & Alok, 2020). Rapid
technological advances raise concerns about the future value and potential
obsolescence of EVs. Strategies such as buyback programs and clear information
about resale values based on market trends can mitigate these uncertainties
(Esmaeilian et al., 2021). Information seeking and socialization are critical
to managing uncertainty in electric vehicle (EV) adoption (Singh et al., 2020).
Consumers rely on trusted sources, such as EV manufacturers and user communities,
to gain information about EV features and benefits (Featherman et al., 2021).
Socialization, through peer interactions and test drives, provides direct
experiences and trust in EV technology (Singh et al., 2020).
Risk minimisation strategies
are also essential to manage the uncertainties associated with EV adoption
(Featherman et al., 2021). Offering extended warranties, EV-specific financing
options and successful case studies can mitigate perceived risks (Hamzah et
al., 2022), incentivising the adoption of sustainable transport solutions.
Recent studies (Rindova & Courtney, 2020; Van Heuveln et al., 2021; Mishra,
Singh & Rana, 2022), have highlighted the importance of proactive
strategies and transparent communication to address uncertainties and foster an
enabling environment for EV adoption.
2. Relationship between variables: Purchase intention,
perception of innovation and uncertainty management
The theoretical framework
suggests that electric vehicle (EV) purchase intention is influenced by
perceived innovation and uncertainty management. A positive perception of
innovation can increase purchase intention, while effective uncertainty
management can mitigate perceived barriers and increase willingness to adopt
EVs (Xu et al., 2020; Featherman et al., 2021). The interaction between these
variables is key to understanding how consumers and companies evaluate and
decide on EV adoption in a mobility environment towards sustainability (Kumar
& Alok, 2020).
Table
1
Relationship
between Variables
|
THEORY |
KEY POINTS |
ACADEMIC REFERENCES |
|
RATIONAL DECISION THEORY |
- Focuses on individual
decision making based on utility maximisation. - Considers economic and
rational aspects that influence the adoption of EVs. |
(Simon, 1972; Nowzohour & Stracca, 2020) |
|
Technology Acceptance Theory (TAM) |
- It focuses on how perceived
usefulness and ease of use influence technology adoption. - It analyses user
attitudes towards innovation and their influence on the acceptance of EVs. |
(Davis, 1989) |
|
Theory of Innovation (DOI) |
- Examines the process of
adoption of technological innovations through stages of awareness,
persuasion, and adoption. - It considers the influence of social factors on
the acceptance of EVs. |
(Rogers, 1962) |
|
Uncertainty Theory |
- Addresses the management of
uncertainty and perceived risk in the adoption of new technologies such as
EVs. - It considers the influence of trust and perceived risk on the
decision. |
(Simon, 1990; Nowzohour & Stracca, 2020) |
|
Consumer Behaviour Theory |
- Analyses the psychological,
social and economic factors that influence purchasing decisions. - It
considers the attitude, perceived benefits, and motivations behind EV
adoption. |
(Engel, Kollat & Blackwell, 1968) |
Source: Own
elaboration, 2024.
This theoretical framework
provides a solid conceptual basis for analyzing the factors that influence EV
legitimacy and acceptance, especially in relation to purchase intention,
perception of innovativeness, and uncertainty. By integrating these theoretical
perspectives, a more complete understanding of the dynamics affecting EV
adoption can be obtained and effective strategies to promote sustainable
mobility can be guided.
3. Methodology
A Systematic Literature Review
(SLR) was conducted. Academic and scientific databases were used to identify
relevant studies using specific inclusion criteria, such as peer-reviewed
articles and empirical studies that address the topics of interest. The
decision to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on the legitimacy,
innovation, uncertainty and purchase intention of electric vehicles (EVs) is
based on their growing importance as a crucial area that intersects sustainable
mobility, technology and consumer behaviour.
This study gains relevance due
to its transformative implications for the automotive industry and its
potential to significantly contribute to climate change mitigation. The main
purpose of the SLR is to examine and synthesize current research streams
related to EV legitimacy, uncertainty, innovation and acceptance. This approach
will allow for a deep understanding of how EV technology is reshaping both the
automotive sector and broader societal dynamics.
For the Systematic Literature
Review, key terms such as “electric vehicles”, “purchase intention”,
“perception of innovation”, “uncertainty”, “legitimacy”, “innovation”, and
relevant variants were defined. Databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and
Google Scholar will be used for an initial search, prioritizing articles
published in the last five years in Spanish and English. Inclusion and
exclusion criteria will focus on studies that examine purchase intention,
perception of innovation, uncertainty, legitimacy, and acceptance of EVs in the
context of sustainable mobility. Data collection will be limited to the last
year to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the information collected.
For the article filtering
process according to the PRISMA criteria, the following steps were followed: Initially,
all relevant articles will be collected according to the established search
terms. Then, a review of titles and abstracts will be carried out to assess
their relevance to the research objectives. Selected articles will be subjected
to a thorough full-text review to assess their methodological quality and
contribution to the topic of study. Strict exclusion criteria will be applied,
discarding studies outside the period of interest, in non-relevant languages
or addressing topics not directly related to purchase intention, perception
of innovation and uncertainty in EVs (see Figure I).
Source: Own
elaboration, 2024.
Figure I: Results of the Filtering Process
Visualization tools were used
to analyze the structure and relationships between authors and key terms in the
literature. In addition, qualitative data analysis and identification of
thematic patterns in the selected articles were conducted. The risk of bias in
the included studies was assessed to ensure the quality and reliability of the
results. This methodology ensured a rigorous and systematic approach to
exploring the relevant literature on purchase intention, perception of
innovation, and uncertainty in the legitimacy and acceptance of electric
vehicles, thus providing a solid foundation for research and advancing
knowledge in this emerging and crucial field.
4. Purchase intention: Legitimacy, uncertainty
and innovation
Following the systematic
literature review (SLR) process on the legitimacy and acceptance of electric
vehicles (EVs) in relation to purchase intention, perception of innovation and
uncertainty, a number of significant findings have been obtained that
contribute to a better understanding of this emerging issue in sustainable
mobility.
Productivity in terms of
articles published on the topic shows a significant growth pattern over the
years (see Chart I). Between 2010 and 2014, production was relatively low and
constant, gradually increasing from 2015 onwards. However, the most notable
period of growth is observed between 2017 and 2021, reaching a peak in 2023
with a significant number of articles published. Despite a slight decline after
2023, productivity remains at relatively high levels until 2024, reflecting continued
interest and sustained activity in research on the topic.
Source: Own
elaboration, 2024.
Chart I:
Research articles published from 2008 to 2023
The analysis shows a
significant increase in research on EV legitimacy, innovation and uncertainty,
with a particular focus on purchase intention and perception of innovation as
driving factors. The quantitative review revealed key trends in the literature,
highlighting the importance of addressing uncertainty and legitimacy to promote
mass adoption of EVs. Methodological comparisons underlined a diversity of
approaches, enriching the understanding of the topic and promoting
interdisciplinary research.
The use of analytical software
facilitated a clear visualization of concepts and relationships between
authors, identifying trends and core areas of study in EVs. These analyses
improved the validity and reliability of the findings of the systematic
literature review, providing crucial insights for future research, market
strategies and policies in sustainable mobility and EV adoption.
The results indicate that the
purchase intention of electric vehicles (EVs) is affected by factors such as
economic and environmental advantages. According to Wang, Li & Zhao (2017);
Wang, Wang & Lin (2018); Zhang et al. (2018); and Gong et al. (2020), there
is a positive correlation between government incentives and consumers’
willingness to purchase EVs. However, Biresselioglu, Kaplan & Yilmaz (2018)
point out that the lack of charging infrastructure remains a significant
barrier. In this regard, it is recommended to explore improvements in the
accessibility of charging points as an area of future research.
Regarding the perception of
innovation in EVs, our findings are consistent with Barth, Jugert &
Fritsche (2016); and Zhao et al. (2022), who underline the importance of
effectively communicating the innovative features of EVs to increase their
acceptance. On the other hand, research such as Shirani et al. (2020) suggests
that the perception of complexity still generates doubts among some consumers.
It is crucial to continue exploring communication and education strategies to
address these perceptions and encourage EV adoption.
The analysis of uncertainty
and legitimacy in EV adoption reveals a complex picture. According to Nowzohour
& Stracca (2020), adequate management of uncertainty can strengthen
consumer confidence, while Hauschild et al. (2020), argue that challenges
persist in terms of durability and maintenance costs. These considerations
underline the need to address these issues in future research and public
policies related to sustainable mobility.
Conclusions
This study has highlighted the
critical importance of innovation perception, legitimacy and uncertainty
management in the purchase intention of electric vehicles (EVs). The systematic
literature review revealed that effective communication of the innovative
advantages and features of EVs is essential to increase their acceptance among
consumers. Furthermore, the availability of government incentives and adequate
charging infrastructure emerge as key factors that can mitigate perceived
barriers. These findings underline the need for integrated strategies that
address both practical concerns and cultural and technological perceptions to
facilitate wider adoption of EVs and move towards sustainable mobility.
A limitation of this review is
that mainly specific databases have been used, which could limit the diversity
of sources consulted. Furthermore, it is acknowledged that there are other
Boolean operators that could have broadened the search, although those selected
were considered to be the most suitable for the stated objectives.
It is suggested to delve
deeper into the antecedents and consequences of purchase intention in different
industries and consumer segments. Furthermore, comparative studies examining
how legitimacy, innovativeness, and uncertainty impact purchase intention in
specific contexts or across competing brands could offer valuable insights.
Investigating how these variables interact with each other and affect consumer
decision-making processes is crucial.
Cross-cultural studies could
also shed light on how cultural factors shape the relationship between these
variables and purchase intention. The propositions guide future research,
exploring the complex relationships between legitimacy, innovativeness,
uncertainty, and purchase intention, considering contextual factors and
consumer perceptions, providing a framework for testing complex hypotheses and
improving understanding of consumer behavior in dynamic market environments.
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