Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
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197402ZU34
ppi 201502ZU4645
Vol.41 N° 79
Octubre
Diciembre
2023
Recibido el 30/03/23 Aceptado el 16/06/23
ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
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ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial.
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avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN
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Vol. 41, Nº 79 (2023), 301-309
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Legal transformation of the content and
forms of education under the pressure of
the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.20
Yuliya Bekh *
Tetiana Zhyzhko **
Alla Kravchenko ***
Yana Kurhan-Bakoveieva ****
Iryna Kyzymenko *****
Olena Krasilnikova ******
Abstract
The main objective of the article was to study the characteristics
of the legal transformation of the contents and forms of
education under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic. The
research methodology was based on the dialectical, systemic
and institutional approach. Legal provision and public policy in the eld
of education and science play a decisive role in ensuring the development
of human capital and, at the same time, the achievement of economic
benets through stable economic growth, social and individual well-being,
future prosperity and quality of life, all of which have an impact on legal
awareness. It is concluded that achieving these objectives requires policy
initiatives, long-term investments and eective management decisions,
especially in the face of the eects of COVID-19. As a result of the study,
the main characteristics and mechanisms of the phenomenon of legal
transformation of the contents and forms of education under the pressure
of the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated.
Keywords: legal transformation; society; quarantine measures;
education; COVID-19 pandemic.
* National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-3591-7444. Email: sulo1@ukr.net
** National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-7163-1024. Email: morweek11@outlook.com
*** Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0001-8429-2183. Email: skmail122@yahoo.com
**** National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0001-7028-6022. Email: lnupa11@yahoo.com
***** Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-2148-9488. Email: stageuniversity77@outlook.com
****** Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0003-3346-7566. Email: nplu88@yahoo.com
302
Yuliya Bekh, Tetiana Zhyzhko, Alla Kravchenko, Yana Kurhan-Bakoveieva, Iryna Kyzymenko
y Olena Krasilnikova
Legal transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Transformación jurídica de los contenidos y formas
de la educación bajo la presión de la pandemia del
COVID-19
Resumen
El objetivo principal del artículo fue estudiar las características de la
transformación jurídica de los contenidos y formas de la educación, bajo la
presión de la pandemia del COVID-19. La metodología de la investigación
se basó en el enfoque dialectico, sistémico e institucional. La disposición
legal y la política pública en el campo de la educación y la ciencia juega un
papel decisivo para asegurar el desarrollo del capital humano y, al mismo
tiempo, la obtención de benecios económicos a través del crecimiento
económico estable, el bienestar social e individual, la prosperidad futura y
la calidad de vida, todo lo cual incide en la conciencia jurídica. Se concluye
que alcanzar estos objetivos requiere iniciativas políticas, inversiones a
largo plazo y decisiones de gestión efectivas, especialmente ante los efectos
del COVID-19. Como resultado del estudio se indagaron las principales
características y mecanismos del fenómeno de transformación jurídica de
los contenidos y formas de la educación bajo la presión de la pandemia del
COVID-19.
Palabras clave: transformación legal; sociedad; medidas de cuarentena;
educación; pandemia COVID-19.
Introduction
One of the most important social institutions that satises the need of
society for the reproduction and transfer of knowledge, social experience,
and the solution of socio-political, economic and cultural problems is
education. Modern education is a complex dynamic social phenomenon
that is being transformed along with society and its needs. The level of
development of this social institution, the quality of education in the state
makes it possible to assess the civilization and general state of the culture
of society.
Changes in the natural, social and cultural foundations of human life in
one way or another aect the transformational processes in education, the
denition of its place in society, the dynamics and essence of changes. The
social role and nature of the interaction of education with other spheres of
public life, the methodology of education, the dynamics of the processes of
education and upbringing, the relationship between students and teachers,
etc., acquire new qualities. The global COVID-19 pandemic that began in
2019 exacerbated the global economic and social crisis and revealed new
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Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 301-309
social problems that need to be addressed urgently. But we cannot agree
with this. An attempt to analyze scientic primary sources revealed a
rather limited theoretical base and the lack of fundamental research on the
problem of transforming the education system in a pandemic.
The forced introduction of quarantine measures during the pandemic led
to the transition of education to distance learning. For many participants
in the educational process, this form turned out to be quite problematic
in terms of organization, psychological characteristics, complexities of
information, nancial, technical, scientic, methodological and other types
of support. However, this form is not new and has long been used in world
pedagogical practice. Its main advantage over other forms of education is
the convenience for students who get the opportunity to choose their own
time and place of study. This allows the student to be more mobile, work
and at the same time study or even receive education in another country.
True, in a pandemic, when full-time students were transferred to distance
learning, this mobility was lost.
The general conclusion that scientists and educators are inclined to in
a situation of a pandemic and social uncertainty is that the existing models
of education in a pandemic can acquire such fundamental changes that
returning to them in the future will become almost impossible, and the
social consequences of these transformations will be much more dicult
than we now imagine. Therefore, modern science and scientists face the
dicult task of anticipating the reection of educational problems and
scientic prediction of eective ways to solve them.
The main purpose of the article is to study the features of the legal
transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of
the COVID-19 pandemic.
1. Materials and methods
The research methodology is based on dialectical, systemic and
institutional approaches, according to which the phenomenon of education
is considered as a continuous process, during which both state-legal and
intra-organizational mechanisms are involved. During the study, general
scientic and special scientic methods were used to study the phenomenon
of legal transformation of the content and forms of education under the
pressure of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The interpretation of the main categories and concepts is based on the use
of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction,
analogy, theoretical generalization and modeling in the formation of a
generalized vision of the process of legal transformation of the content and
304
Yuliya Bekh, Tetiana Zhyzhko, Alla Kravchenko, Yana Kurhan-Bakoveieva, Iryna Kyzymenko
y Olena Krasilnikova
Legal transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the COVID-19 Pandemic
forms of education under the pressure of the Covid-19 pandemic. All this
allows to achieve the goal set in the article.
2. Literature review
The challenges facing the educational systems of all countries of the
world, generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, require prompt response
from teachers and students in order to provide quality education. The
pandemic has led to dramatic changes in education throughout 2020.
worldwide. According to UNESCO, the vast majority of countries have
at least temporarily closed all educational institutions. The COVID-19
pandemic has become a test of mankind’s ability to counteract general
civilizational threats and organize to solve pressing problems, since it has
largely aected all areas of human life, highlighting a number of problems,
including in the education system.
The consequences of the pandemic have signicantly aected all
participants in the educational process, in particular, according to the
results of our research, it was revealed that students suer from forced
isolation, social deprivation, low-quality distance learning, disorganization,
uncertainty about the future and uncertainty about their own further
academic development and learning outcomes (Ojha, 2013; Kononko,
2008).
The phenomenon of the concept of “transformation of education” in
scientic research is revealed taking into account the main ideas and needs
of society, it is found that changes in pedagogical thought and the paradigm
of education are impossible without considering the phenomenon under
study in a historical context (Dobrila, 2020; Lien, 2022). Thus, changes
in education that aect the quality of transformation are subject to
ideas, among which we determine those that aect its participants: the
methodological foundations of the modern philosophy of education,
cultural changes, educational information and organizational space, the
process of transforming the internal basis of the existing system of values
of the individual (Zhavoronok, 2022; Kholiavko, 2021; Jones, 2012; Hutsol,
2020).
Most scientists note that the transformations that have taken place
in the structure of domestic higher education since the beginning of the
COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of quarantine measures, forced
social distancing, are characterized by force, contradiction and uncertainty.
Such uncertainty for all educational levels is the result of insucient
preparedness of university education for modern challenges. The main
negative consequences of the pandemic and all related measures for
domestic and foreign higher education are, rst of all, a decrease in the
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quality of education of young people, since millions of students and school
graduates were forced to receive virtual training, and therefore lost academic
motivation, depth of knowledge, personal contact and communication with
educators and peers, as well as opportunities for social-emotional learning
All these negative consequences will need to be overcome in the post-
pandemic period (Djakona, 2021; Grosu, 2021; Bakulina, 2019).
3. Research Results and Discussions
The The COVID-19 pandemic has aected most countries of the world
and almost all spheres of public life, and the education system is no
exception. One of the ways to contain the coronavirus infection was social
isolation, the measures of which required the partial or complete quarantine
closure of educational institutions of all levels and their accompanying
social infrastructure (dormitories, canteens, sports clubs and other
organizations). Under such conditions, all participants in the educational
process (government bodies, heads of educational institutions, scientic
and pedagogical workers, students and their parents) had to adapt to the
new conditions of distance learning.
Although until recently there was no common vision among scientists
of what the education system should be like in the digitalization of the
world, how to combine technological capabilities with training programs.
Therefore, it became obvious that some parameters of distance learning
should be reviewed. It is safe to say that COVID-19 will forever change
the consciousness of the world’s population in all areas of life, including
education.
For better clarity Fig.1. depicts the main challenges faced by the
education sector in the context of COVID-19.
Figure 1. The main challenges faced by the education sector in
the context of COVID-19. Source: prepared by the authors (2023).
306
Yuliya Bekh, Tetiana Zhyzhko, Alla Kravchenko, Yana Kurhan-Bakoveieva, Iryna Kyzymenko
y Olena Krasilnikova
Legal transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the COVID-19 Pandemic
I In an attempt to overcome the emerging diculties, the government
and professional scientic organizations are joining forces to build the
educational process with the help of all available means. For this, both
a specialized distance learning infrastructure and some “everyday”
electronic services that have become widespread in recent years are used.
In this regard, UNESCO specialists oer a certain classication of tools for
organizing distance learning.
Almost all of the technologies used to transfer full-time education to an
online environment or to distance learning formats. Conventionally, they
can be divided into two main groups: platform and non-platform solutions.
The rst group, for example, includes the Moodle platform. Distance
education in the Moodle learning environment makes it possible to remotely
receive the necessary educational material at any time, it has become an
inseparable part of education in higher education institutions. This form of
organization of the educational process makes it possible to use interactive
technologies for presenting material, to receive a full-edged education or
improve professional qualications in specially organized courses, and to
work independently with educational material.
The second group includes the following technologies that work both
independently and in interaction with other functional solutions:
• transmission of educational content through media channels.
Such methods of training are especially needed where, due to
circumstances, the use of high-tech tools is not yet possible.
• schoolchildren and students of higher educational institutions
receive assignments, lecture materials or even entire courses on
their mobile and home computers, interaction with teachers is
carried out using online conferences, teachers advise students on
emerging issues, control the completion of homework and term
papers, and receive credits and exams.
• where there is no access to the media and communication at all,
copies of textbooks and necessary tasks are printed for students,
which are subsequently sent by mail or delivered by community
organizations and volunteers.
The main model for ensuring food security in the context of socio-
economic development is shown in Figure 2.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 79 (2023): 301-309
Information on the
progress of solving
task 2
Information on the
progress of solving task
3
Formation of a qualitatively
new technical basis for distance
education
Improving the individual
pedagogical skills of the
staff of educational
institutions
Formation of new
methods of knowledge
control
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Education regulation
mechanism
Technical equipment and
specialized programs
Directives to ensure
task 2 Directives to ensure
task 3
Directives to
ensure task 1
Educational laws and Resources
Information on the
progress of solving task
1
Ensuring proper
efficiency of the
education system
Figure 2. The main model for transforming critical elements of education
provision in the context of COVID-19. Source: prepared by the authors (2023).
Now there is a rethinking of the content of education as an important
social practice. Accelerated digitalization has turned out to be a kind of test
of the strength of teachers, educational institutions, national educational
systems, and, perhaps most importantly, the ability of mankind to cooperate
in the face of great challenges.
It is not yet clear what lesson in distance learning will ultimately be
learned both by an individual educational institution and the entire system
of the educational industry, which is being formed in connection with the
pandemic. However, we should talk about revising approaches to teaching
at all levels of education and gradually prepare teachers and students for
the new conditions of development of the modern world.
Conclusions
Modern society cannot function in any way without the education
system, which is one of the most important factors of human development,
involved in all events at all stages of human development. Education at the
present stage is radically dierent from the former education system in the
past. The increase in information channels, ease of access to information,
its diversity creates the need for changes in the education system. The
308
Yuliya Bekh, Tetiana Zhyzhko, Alla Kravchenko, Yana Kurhan-Bakoveieva, Iryna Kyzymenko
y Olena Krasilnikova
Legal transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 pandemic has made its own adjustments to changes in all
spheres of life, including in the eld of education.
The pandemic has led to a transformation of the established format
of the organization of learning at all levels of education and created an
unprecedented distance learning environment for both teachers and
students, as they had to learn how to use new technologies and provide
interactivity in a short period of time.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an emergency transition to online, but
education has generally coped with the situation. The digital transformation
of education is the renewal of the planned educational results, the content
of education, methods and organizational forms of educational work, as
well as the assessment of the results achieved in a rapidly developing digital
environment to radically improve the educational results of each student.
For the rst time in history, digital technologies make it possible to provide
individualization for each student of the educational trajectory, methods
(forms) and pace of mastering educational material.
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www.luz.edu.ve
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www.produccioncienticaluz.org
Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en octubre de 2023, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 79
