Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
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Vol.41 N° 77
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Vol. 41, Nº 77 (2023), 205-226
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Development of territorial communities’
potential as a factor of socio-ecological
development of territories
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.14
Vasyl Rossikhin *
Anatoliy Babichev **
Oksana Marukhlenko ***
Olha Kravchuk ****
Olha Shtykun *****
Abstract
The objective of the article was to clarify the concept and
classication of the potential of territorial communities; to
determine the main indicators of the development of their
territorial spaces; to outline the methodology for establishing the
socioecological development potential of a particular territorial
community and; furthermore, to determine strategic directions for its
improvement. The research involved the following methods: economic
statistics; BCG matrix; SWOT analysis; graphic methods. As a result of the
study, the main statistical indicators related to community development
were determined and, similarly, the potential for social-ecological
development and the main strategic directions for increasing the potential
for social and ecological development were also determined through the
use of SWOT analysis. The results of the study can be used by local self-
government bodies to increase the potential for social and ecological
development and determine strategic directions for its improvement in
terms of public policies. Everything allows to conclude that, future research
on the topic should be focused on the study of directions of social-ecological
development potential in the context of post-war recovery in Ukraine.
* Doctor of Law Sciences, Vice-Rector, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, 61166, Kharkiv,
Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-8896
** PhD., in Public Administration, Vice-rector, Associate Professor of the Department of Management
and Administration, Karazin Business School, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61204,
Kharkiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-4824
*** Doctor of Public Administration, Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Faculty of
Economics and Management, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 04053, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-6615
**** PhD., in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian
Sciences, Educational and Scientic Humanitarian Institute, Admiral Makarov National University of
Shipbuilding, 54007, Mykolayiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-1934
***** Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy, Educational and Scientic Institute of
Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv,
Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-9334
206
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
Keywords: socioecological development potential; local self-
government; political decentralization; strategic directions;
post-war recovery.
Desarrollo del potencial de las comunidades
territoriales como factor de desarrollo socioecológico
de los territorios
Resumen
El objetivo del artículo fue aclarar el concepto y la clasicación del
potencial de las comunidades territoriales; determinar los principales
indicadores del desarrollo de sus espacios territoriales; esbozar la
metodología para establecer el potencial de desarrollo socioecológico de
una comunidad territorial en particular y; además, determinar direcciones
estratégicas para su mejora. La investigación involucró los siguientes
métodos: estadísticas económicas; matriz BCG; Análisis FODA; métodos
grácos. Como resultado del estudio, se determinaron los principales
indicadores estadísticos relacionados con el desarrollo comunitario y, de
igual modo, se determinó también el potencial de desarrollo socioecológico
y las principales direcciones estratégicas para aumentar el potencial
de desarrollo social y ecológico mediante el uso del análisis FODA. Los
resultados del estudio pueden ser utilizados por los órganos de autogobierno
local para aumentar el potencial de desarrollo social y ecológico y
determinar direcciones estratégicas para su mejora en términos de políticas
públicas. Todo permite concluir que, las investigaciones futuras sobre el
tema deberían centrarse en el estudio de las direcciones del potencial del
desarrollo socioecológico en el contexto de la recuperación de la posguerra
en Ucrania.
Palabras clave: potencial de desarrollo socioecológico; autogobierno
local; descentralización política; direcciones
estratégicas; recuperación posbélica.
Introduction
The development of territories is one of the priority directions of the
EU policy (Aleksandrova-Zlatanska, 2019). This issue becomes especially
important for Ukraine in view of globalization and European integration. In
2014, the decentralization process was launched in Ukraine, which should
stimulate the development of the country’s territories. Decentralization is
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 205-226
introduced in order to stimulate economic growth, improve the well-being
of rural residents, strengthen civil society, increase democracy level of
society, and also delegate certain powers to lower levels of governance.
Decentralization reforms are based on ideologies that eschew centralized
planning, while favouring increased market competitiveness and bottom-
up decision-making (Abimbola et al., 2019). European experience proves
the eectiveness of reforming local self-government by building an eective
governance system based on self-organization and support of citizen
initiatives (Zinchuk and Patynska-Popeta, 2019).
During the six years since the beginning of the reform in Ukraine,
4,882 communities have voluntarily merged into 1,070 amalgamated
territorial communities. This contributed to local self-government bodies
receiving the powers and resources previously held by cities of regional
importance (Government Portal, 2022). As part of the decentralization
reform, communities must choose their “smart specialization”. It is based
on dening strategic goals and objectives by the communities, which
correspond to the existing innovation potential, and takes into account the
competitive advantages of the region (Voitenko, 2020).
Despite the wider opportunities that decentralization opens up for
territorial communities, there are a number of problems that restrain
their development. The main ones include the extinction of villages and
the outow of the workforce, in particular youth, poverty, poorly developed
infrastructure, low innovative activity, as well as the environmental
degradation caused, among other things, by the low environmental
awareness of community residents (Prokopenko et al., 2023).
It can be noted that most of the problems associated with insucient
development of territorial communities are concentrated around socio-
ecological issues. That is why determining the potential of territorial
communities in relation to socio-ecological development is an important
theoretical and practical issue that requires close attention of the scientic
community and state administrators.
Besides, it should be noted in the context of recent events that a large-
scale military invasion of Ukraine in 2022 will have the largest impact on
the development of territorial communities. It causes catastrophic human
losses and destruction of infrastructure in particular communities, but does
not negate the need to plan and develop strategies for future periods.
In this context, the opinion of Roger Myerson, who was awarded the
2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, is interesting. He
noted that the reform of local self-government can be dened as one of
the main reasons that determined the will of Ukrainians to ght for the
country. People are ready to risk their lives, protecting the Motherland,
when they know that they serve both the state and their own community
(Decentralization, 2022).
208 Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
The analysis of academic literature identied that the researchers do not
have a single view on determining the potential of territorial communities.
Most of the studies are dedicated to revealing the features and composition
of certain types of potential of territorial communities. Most often,
researchers consider aspects of nancial or nancial and economic
potential (Vdovenko et al., 2021; Boyko and Bozhenko, 2020; Zinchuk and
Patynska-Popeta, 2019; Lysiak et al., 2021; Shchur, 2018; Hlibko et al.,
2021), resource potential (Savchuk, 2018; Matseliukh, 2022), human or
social potential (Bil and Leshchukh, 2019; Vitenko, 2021).
Besides, many studies are based on the combination of outlined
types of potential of territorial communities or their further division into
constituent parts. There are studies that deal with the aspects of the tax
potential (Shapoval and Chekh, 2021), which is also often distinguished as
part of the nancial potential of territorial communities (Shchur, 2018),
nancial and investment potential (Lapishko et al, 2021), natural resource
potential (Hutsuliak and Hutsuliak, 2022), labour potential (Filenko,
2018), intellectual potential (Chubar, 2022), innovation and investment
potential (Korzhenivska and Niskhodovska, 2022), natural and recreational
potential (Tsaryk et al., 2022), tourism potential of territorial communities
(Ilnytska-Hykavchuk, 2022), as well as certain types of potential of
territorial communities, such as globalist potential (Bobrovnyk, 2019), etc.
Undoubtedly, all outlined types of potential directly or indirectly aect
social and ecological development. However, the researchers paid extremely
little attention to the role of socio-ecological aspects in determining the
potential of territorial communities. Besides, there is no thorough view of
the calculation of the potential of territorial communities. In this study, an
attempt was made to cover this omission by using the concept of “potential
for socio-ecological development of the territorial community” and
proposing a methodology for determining it.
Therefore, the aim of the research is to clarify the concept and
classication of the territorial communities’ potential, to determine the
main indicators of the development of territorial communities, to outline
the methodology for determining the potential of social and ecological
development of a territorial community, and to determine strategic
directions for its improvement. The aim involves the following research
objectives:
• conduct a statistical analysis of the main indicators of the
development of territorial communities;
• determine the potential of the social and ecological development of
the territorial community on the example of the Velykoburlutska
Community (Kharkiv region) using the BKG matrix;
• justify the choice of directions of the territory’s socio-ecological
development strategy by applying the SWOT matrix.
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1. Literature review
There are many works in the academic literature that study the potential
of territorial communities. The absolute majority of studies deal with only
one specic type of potential. Table 1 shows the types of potential of territorial
communities that are most often found in the works of researchers.
Table 1. Overview of the denitions of certain types of potential of the territorial
community based on the analysis of literature.
The type
of the
territorial
community’s
potential
Authors General denition
Financial
and
economic Vdovenko et
al. (2021)
The nancial and economic potential reects
the ability of the territorial community to
attract, accumulate and eectively use nancial
resources from various sources in order to solve
problems of local importance.
Boyko and
Bozhenko
(2020);
Semenyshyn
et al. (2020)
The nancial potential of the ATC consists in the
formation of a set of own and borrowed nancial
resources, which are used to nance the needs
for the implementation of tactical and strategic
goals of community development.
Zinchuk and
Patynska-
Popeta
(2019);
Lysiak et al.
(2021)
Financial potential of ATC includes all available
and potential resources of ATC, as well as
the ability of local self-government bodies to
accumulate and eectively use the necessary
number of nancial resources in order to
achieve the sustainable development goals of
communities.
Shchur
(2018)
The nancial potential of the ATC is a set of
available resources from any sources and
opportunities for the eective use of such
resources for the purposes of operational,
investment activities, etc. in an unstable
environment.
Bulavynets
and
Karpyshyn
(2020)
Financial potential of ATCs — available and
potential nancial resources, which are attracted
by ATCs through the application of investment,
budget, grant and credit mechanisms and
are used to ensure the eectiveness of the
functioning of the territorial community.
210
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
Resource
potential Savchuk
(2018);
Rudyk et al.
(2022)
The resource potential includes natural
resources, production and technical, property,
nancial, investment, demographic, innovation
and other potentials, as well as the territory,
taking into account the features of its
infrastructure
Matseliukh
(2022)
The resource composition of the potential of the
ATC includes natural, material and production
resources belonging to economic entities and
residents of the ATC, as well as intangible
and nancial resources, which include social,
administrative, personnel, institutional,
intellectual, communicative, informational,
innovative, organizational resources and time.
Human/
social
potential
Bil and
Leshchukh
(2019)
Human potential includes intellectual, labour,
physiological, socio-psychological, cultural and
other opportunities of society that can be used
for the purpose of ATC development.
Vitenko
(2021)
Social potential consists in establishing mutual
relations between citizens on the basis of
trust and assistance, which stimulates self-
organization of residents within the ATC.
Source: prepared by the authors based on the works and authors consulted.
As Table 1 shows, the resource potential is broadest concept in the
understanding of researchers, because it includes all other types of potential
that are most often found in the studies (nancial, social, etc.). However,
researchers do not often distinguish the potential for the socio-ecological
development of the territorial community among individual types of
resource potential. The works of researchers single out natural resource and
social or human potential, but an important scientic issue is their study in
combination, because they are subject to signicant mutual inuence.
As it was established earlier, environmental problems are often
associated with insucient environmental awareness of citizens. Besides,
there are no suciently substantiated methods for calculating such
potential, which is also a critical issue in view of the need to determine the
existing and desired level of the potential of socio-ecological development
of the territorial community.
2. Methods and materials
2.1. Research design
The approach used in the article requires the distribution of information
into three interrelated and sequential stages. The rst stage provided for
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 205-226
the study of the main indicators of the general state of public housing in
Ukraine through the use of economic statistics. In particular, the number
and area of public housing in dierent regions, the distribution of the
volume of infrastructure subsidies by directions and regions, the level of
public housing income per inhabitant by region, the structural composition
of public housing revenues, as well as the number of ATC located in areas of
hostilities or under temporary occupation, encirclement were studied. The
information is illustrated with graphs and charts for greater clarity and ease
of comparison and data analysis.
The second stage involved determining the potential of socio-ecological
development of the territorial community using the example of the
Velykoburlutska community (Kharkiv region) using the BCG matrix. The
community was chosen because of the availability of information regarding
the budget of the ATC, as well as due to the fact that the community was
under occupation for some time and continues to be in the combat zone.
Therefore, it is important to determine its pre-war potential of socio-
ecological development in order to choose the priority areas of post-war
development.
The chosen method of determining the potential using the BCG matrix
and the selection of indicators (ATC’s expenditures related to socio-
ecological aspects) is based on the need to identify directions that require
close attention in view of their insucient development and funding. The
time period used in the analysis (2019 and 2021) is due to the limited
information on the budget of the OTG, but this does not signicantly aect
the results of the study.
The third stage provides for the justication of the choice of directions
for the socio-ecological development strategy of the territory by applying
the SWOT matrix. This method was used to determine the main strengths
and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ATC regarding the potential
of socio-ecological development. The directions of the strategy of socio-
ecological development of ATC were proposed on the basis of this denition
by using the methods of analysis and synthesis.
2.2. Information background
The information background of the research is Ukrainian academic
periodicals, academic publications of other countries, data from reports
(Ministry for Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine,
2021), ocial websites of the government and local self-government bodies
(Decentralization, 2022; Velykoburlutska Community, 2022).
212
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
2.3. Research methods
The following scientic methods were used in the study: economic
statistics — for the analysis of the main indicators of the general state of
the ATCs in Ukraine; BCG matrix — for determining the potential of socio-
ecological development of the territorial community; SWOT analysis — to
substantiate the choice of directions for the strategy of socio-ecological
development of the territory; graphic methods – for visualization of the
provided information.
2.4. Limitations of the research
The limitations of the research are related to the lack of individual
statistics on the ocial website of the Ministry for Communities and
Territories Development of Ukraine, dating after 2019. The latest
document published on the website is the Report on the Review of State
Budget Expenditures for Regional Development in Terms of Supporting
the Formation of Infrastructure of Amalgamated Territorial Communities,
which was published in 2021 with data for 2019 (Ministry for Communities
and Territories Development of Ukraine, 2021).
Therefore, some other data are taken for 2019 in order to ensure the
structure and homogeneity of the study, but this does not signicantly
aect the results of the study, because statistics provides only a generalized
vision of the issue under research.
3. Results
3.1. Statistics on territorial communities of Ukraine
In order to obtain a general understanding of the state, number,
opportunities, priorities, resources and needs of the ATCs, it is appropriate
to study the main statistical indicators describing their development at the
current stage.
ATCs occupy more than 50% of the region’s territory in many regions
of Ukraine. This testies to their signicant inuence, as well as economic,
social and ecological development of the regions. It should also be noted
that, the number of ATCs continues to grow in subsequent periods, which,
among other things, indicates the eectiveness of the decentralization
reform.
Inadequate development of infrastructure in the regions, especially in
remote areas, was identied as one of the most problematic issues related
to the development of the ATCs in this article. Therefore, an important
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 205-226
indicator regarding the development of the ATCs is the determination of
the scope and directions of the infrastructural subvention of the ATCs.
During the research it was discovered that the leaders in terms of the
amount of infrastructure subvention received, namely: Dnipropetrovsk,
Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, Chernihiv and Volyn regions. Besides, an
important indicator for comparing the current state of the ATCs of dierent
regions is the amount of revenue per person in local budgets (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Amount of the local budget revenues per person
Source: Kuznietsova and Pelekhatyi (2020).
Dnipropetrovsk region is the absolute leader both in terms of the
amount of infrastructure subvention and the amount of own income per
person. Kyiv, Poltava, Lviv, and Odesa regions are also noted for their high
level of income.
Personal income tax (PIT) accounts for the largest share in the revenue
structure of the general fund of local budgets of the ATCs (more than
60%). Land fee and the single tax account for more than 14 and 12 percent,
respectively.
214
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
In the context of the characteristics of the general indicators of the ATCs
during martial law, the number of communities located in the areas of
hostilities or that are under temporary occupation, encirclement should be
noted (Table 2).
Table 2. The number of communities located in areas of hostilities or under
temporary occupation, encirclement (as of November 30, 2022).
Region The total number
of communities in
the region
The number of communities in
the region located in areas of
hostilities or under temporary
occupation, encirclement
Dnipropetrovsk 86 10
Donetsk 66 66
Zaporizhzhia 67 62
Luhansk 37 37
Mykolaiv 52 26
Sumy 51 19
Kharkiv 56 56
Kherson 49 49
Chernihiv 57 4
Source: Decentralization (2022).
It can be concluded from Table 2 that all communities in four regions
(Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, and Kherson) fall under the category of being
located in areas of hostilities or under temporary occupation, encirclement.
This brings catastrophic human losses and material damage to communities,
completely changing their pre-war situation. Therefore, it can be noted that
the main priority for the development of communities is their post-war
recovery with orientation to a more optimal path of development.
The statistical characteristics of ATCs give grounds to state that, given the
growth in the number and area of ATCs, their impact on the socio-ecological
development of the regions is signicant. It is also an important aspect
that educational facilities rank rst in the structure of the infrastructure
subvention in terms of the volume of nancial resources, which plays a
signicant role in social development.
Ranking of regions by the volume of infrastructural subvention and own
income per person enables determining the leaders in relation to individual
components of the nancial potential, which is closely related to the
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 205-226
possibilities of socio-ecological development. The next step of the research
is, in fact, a review of the methodology used to determine individual
characteristics of the potential of socio-ecological development of the ATCs.
3.2. Determining the potential of socio-ecological development
of the territorial community on the example of the
Velykoburlutska community (Kharkiv region) using the BKG
matrix
Determining the potential of socio-ecological development of ATCs will
be based on the use of the BCG (The Boston Consulting Group) matrix
(Yatsiv et al., 2019; Hossain and Kader, 2020). This matrix is used to divide
the components of the potential of socio- ecological development of ATCs
into four groups. It is common knowledge that such groups are dened as
“stars””, “cash cows”, “dicult children” and “dogs”.
However, such denitions are inappropriate in the context of this study,
so they will not be applied. The location of the components of the potential
of socio-ecological development on the matrix determine the main strategic
goals of the development.
Velykoburlutska community of Kharkiv region was chosen as an example
for determining the potential. Table 3 contains the initial data for building
the matrix.
Table 3. Expenditures of the budget of Velykoburlutska community (Kharkiv
region) for 2021, related to socio-ecological development and are the initial
indicators for building the BCG matrix.
Area of expenditures 2019 2021 Growth
rate Share in budget
expenditures
Education 26,095.5 81,927.6 3.1 52.7
Health care 0.0 14,333.8 - 9.2
Social protection and social
security 1,032.7 7,219.5 7.0 4.6
Culture and art 4,106.3 9,039.9 2.2 5.8
Physical culture and sports 1,003.1 1,986.7 2.0 1.3
Utilities 5,245.0 9,067.5 1.7 5.8
Other activities (including
environmental protection) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Source: Velykoburlutska community (2022).
216
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
As Table 3 demonstrates, the indicators for building the BCG matrix
are the budget expenditures of the Velykoburlutska community (Kharkiv
region) for 2021, related to socio-ecological development. The specied
directions are related to the level of development of individual components
of the potential of socio-ecological development. These components
include education, health care, social protection and social security, culture
and art, physical culture and sports, utilities, other activities (including
environmental protection). The use of budget expenditures in the analysis
will allow to determine the degree of their inuence on the potential of
socio-ecological development of the ATCs. Figure 2 shows the BCG matrix.
Figure 2. Determining the potential of socio-ecological development of the
Velykoburlutska community (Kharkiv region) using the BCG matrix
Source: built by the author.
As Figure 2 shows, “Social protection and social security” as component
of the potential of socio-ecological development has the highest growth rates
of expenditures. But it is characterized by low shares in the total expenses
like “Culture and art”, “Physical culture and sports” and “Utilities”.
The last three directions also have low growth rates, being found in
the lower left part of the matrix. “education” has MEDIUM growth rates,
because it is located at the intersection of the upper and lower right
parts of the matrix, but it is the undisputed leader in terms of the share
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of expenditures. The matrix should also contain “Health care” and “Other
activities (including environmental protection)”, however, the growth rate
for the former cannot be calculated because of zero expenditures in 2019,
and the expenditures for the latter equal to zero in both periods.
The distribution obtained in Figure 2 means that education is the most
priority component of the potential of socio-ecological development. The
strategic objective in relation to education is to support the existing trend
and further investment in this area. It can also be noted that the direction
of social protection and social security is developing rapidly, but further
investment in the area are recommended.
Culture and art, physical culture and sports, and utilities are
insuciently nanced, and the growth rate of spending on these areas is
also low. Therefore, the development of these areas requires close attention
from the local self-government. However, the biggest problem is the lack of
spending on the environment and (in 2019) on health care. This requires
additional research and establishing the reasons. The conducted analysis
is an example of the application of the method of determining the socio-
ecological potential using the BCG matrix. It can be adjusted depending on
the specics of a particular ATC and the priority of indicators determined
by the researcher.
3.3. Justication of the choice of strategic areas of socio-
ecological development of the territory through SWOT analysis
The statistical analysis of indicators of ATCs of Ukraine as a whole and
the analysis of the potential of socio-ecological development of ATCs carried
out in the article on the example of Velykoburlutska community determined
the main strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and prospects of the ATC
with regard to socio-ecological development. These aspects are presented
in the form of a SWOT matrix (Table 4).
218 Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
Table 4. SWOT matrix of the ATC regarding the potential of socio-ecological
development (developed by the author on the basis of the conducted analysis
and research
Strengths Weaknesses
1. Favourable conditions for the
development of agriculture
2. Natural resources and production
potential of the ATC
3. Active participation of the population
in the life of communities, cohesion of
residents
4. Historical, natural and cultural
monuments
5. Development of organic agriculture
6. Increasing the level of autonomy in
decision-making
1. Extinction of villages
2. Poverty and unemployment
3. Low level of well-being of citizens
4. Insucient attention to the
development of physical culture and
sports
5. Weak support for the development of
culture and art
6. Poorly developed infrastructure
(road, utility, etc.)
7. Slow pace of introducing innovations
8. Inadequate quality of medical
services
9. Insucient state support
Opportunities Threats
1. Introduction of the decentralization
reform
2. Increasing demand for
environmentally friendly and organic
products
3. Integration with the EU,
international programmes to support
the development of territories
4. Development of rural and green
tourism
5. Expanding the use of renewable
energy sources
1. Full-scale military invasion
2. The outow of youth due to labour
migration
3. Problems with ecology, insucient
environmental awareness of residents
Source: Korkuna et al. (2020), Tkachuk et al. (2019), Sodoma et al (2022), Senyshyn and
Kundytskyj (2018).
The conducted SWOT analysis determined the main priority areas
of increasing the potential of socio-ecological development the ATCs of
Ukraine:
• development of agriculture (including organic) in order to increase
competitiveness, income level, create new jobs and reduce
unemployment and poverty;
• the use of historical, cultural and natural potential for the
development of rural and green tourism, which will increase
investment attractiveness and contribute to the improvement
of infrastructure, increase in income and employment of the
population;
• introduction of environmental programmes and measures to
increase public awareness of environmental issues, which will
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ensure the improvement of ecology, strengthening of health of
residents, increase in demand for ecological products, etc.;
• introduction of innovations (including the use of renewable
energy sources) in order to increase the energy eciency of
production, product quality, eciency of organizational processes,
environmental friendliness, etc.
Special attention should be focused on the post-war recovery, which
will require the use of all the potential of the ATCs, in particular the socio-
ecological development potential, because the consequences of the war and
the war crimes of the enemy aect all aspects of community life. Therefore,
the post-war strategy should cover a wide range of objectives — from the
need to build infrastructure to ensuring a decent standard of living for
community residents and restoring the environment.
4. Discussion
The academic literature provides many approaches and points of view
regarding the denition, classication, and structure of the potential of
territorial communities. Often, such views not only do not coincide, but are
also opposite to each other. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider several
points of view and compare them with the view provided in this article in
order to determine advantages, disadvantages, omissions, opposites, etc.
This will improve the general understanding of the concept of the potential
of territorial communities and its structure.
Savchuk (2018) deals in his research with the resource potential of
territorial communities. The analysis of the author’s conclusions gives
grounds to state that it is the resource potential that is the broadest in
terms of the coverage of components, because it contains natural resource,
production, technical, demographic, nancial, investment and innovation
potentials. Bil and Leshchukh (2019) believe that the endogenous potential
of a territorial community contains economic, nancial and human
components.
The researchers include production, entrepreneurial, natural resource,
managerial, organizational, infrastructural, innovative, scientic and
informational components to the economic potential. Financial potential
includes budgetary and tax potential, investment potential, the potential
of the real sector of the economy, nancial and credit institutions, and
households. Human potential is a reection of the possibilities of society,
including physiological, labour, intellectual, etc.
The researcher did not single out socio-ecological development
potential, but considered in terms of its separate components: social and
220
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
natural resource potential. This article expresses the opinion that social and
natural resource potentials have a high degree of mutual inuence, so they
should be considered in combination.
Besides, there are dierences in the essence of the concepts “natural
resource potential” and “ecological potential”, and the latter is dened in
the works of researchers very rarely, being reduced to certain ecological
aspects. However, it is the ecological potential that indicates the degree
of implementation of ecological initiatives in the region, its ecological
condition as a whole, and opportunities for improving ecology — in contrast
to the natural resource potential, which mostly characterizes only the
available natural resources.
The relevance of the views provided in this article is conrmed by the
fact that researchers often pay attention to social and ecological aspects in
the course of revealing the content, components, indicators of various types
of potential of territorial communities. When identifying the determinants
of the growth of the nancial and economic potential of the territorial
communities of Ukraine, Vdovenko et al. (2021) identied the indicators
which can be used to evaluate its social and ecological components.
Indicators characterizing the social component include: population
income, labour market strength, total residential area. The researchers
included the following indicators of the environmental component: the
total amount of accumulated waste per 1 resident, the number of waste
disposal centres, the volume of emissions of pollutants into the air, capital
investments in environmental protection per person.
Zinchuk and Patynska-Popeta (2019) distinguish the following areas of
management of the nancial potential of territorial communities: economic,
social and environmental. The economic direction provides for ensuring
economic growth, which involves achieving nancial self-suciency and
capacity; social direction includes measures to improve the quality of life of
the population, infrastructure development; ecological direction is aimed
at protecting the environment through its protection and ensuring the
appropriate use of natural resources.
Boyko and Bozhenko (2020) include the indicators characterizing the
well-being of community residents and natural resources in the indicators
that form the assessment of the nancial potential of the territorial
community. Lysiak et al. (2021) emphasizes the role of nancial potential
in ensuring socio-economic development.
Bulavynets and Karpyshyn (2020) reveal the importance of the nancial
potential of territorial communities in relation to all aspects of the lives of
their residents. Researchers note the possibility of compensating for the
lack of nancial resources by introducing specialized programmes of the
European Union, being part the European Neighbourhood Instrument.
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Such programmes are implemented in some border communities of Ukraine
and are aimed at developing medicine, improving road infrastructure,
improving environmental safety, improving recreation, supporting culture,
etc.
Shchur (2018) identies the budgetary, investment, and tax potential
when determining the components of the nancial potential of territorial
communities. The researcher emphasizes that the investment component
is especially important in the current conditions, but does not examine the
need to invest in the potential of social and ecological development.
Vitenko (2021) characterizes the resource potential of ATCs, emphasizing
that one of the main roles belongs to the intellectual resources of people.
Matseliukh (2022) also focuses on resource potential, conrming his
opinion that post-war recovery is impossible without the availability of the
appropriate number of necessary resources and skills to eectively manage
them.
So, the need for close attention to the potential of socio-ecological
development of the ATCs and further studies in this direction was
conrmed as a result of the discussion. The issue of increasing the potential
of socio-ecological development is especially acute in the context of post-
war recovery, which will be a relevant topic for future research.
Conclusions
A selective review of general statistics regarding the development of the
ATCs gives grounds to draw the following key conclusions:
• the number of ATCs in Ukraine continues to grow, and their area in
many regions (seven regions — as of 2019) occupies more than 50%;
• the priority directions of infrastructure subvention are education,
road infrastructure, special transport, culture and energy supply;
• Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, Chernihiv and Volyn
regions are the leaders in terms of the amount of infrastructure
subvention received;
• Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Poltava, Lviv, and Odesa regions have the
highest income levels;
• the personal income tax prevails in the structure of revenues of the
general fund of local budgets of the ATCs;
• all communities in at least four regions fall under the category of
being located in areas of hostilities or under temporary occupation,
encirclement (as of the end of November).
222
Vasyl Rossikhin, Anatoliy Babichev, Oksana Marukhlenko, Olha Kravchuk y Olha Shtykun
Development of territorial communities’ potential as a factor of socio-ecological development of territories
The used method of determining the potential of socio-ecological
development of ATCs using the BCG matrix makes it possible to estimate
this type of potential based on the calculation of the growth rate and the
share of individual types of expenditures in the total number of expenditures
related to socio-ecological aspects. This enabled determining the directions
that require close attention, namely: culture and art, physical culture and
sports, utilities, ecology and health care.
The conducted SWOT analysis determined the main priority directions
for increasing the potential of socio-ecological development of the ATCs in
Ukraine, in particular, the development of agriculture (including organic);
the use of historical, cultural and natural potential for the development of
rural and green tourism; introduction of environmental programmes and
measures to raise public awareness; introduction of innovations (including
the use of renewable energy sources). Besides, the article emphasizes the
need and importance of using all resources of socio- ecological potential
during post-war recovery, which should be the direction of further research.
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