Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
ISSN-Versión Impresa 0798-1406 / ISSN-Versión on line 2542-3185Depósito legal pp
197402ZU34
ppi 201502ZU4645
Vol.41 N° 76
Enero
Marzo
2023
Recibido el 15/10/22 Aceptado el 12/01/23
ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca cn aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to
de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia.
En tre sus ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias
Hu ma nas y So cia les, a tra vés de la di vul ga ción de los re sul ta dos lo gra dos por sus in ves-
ti ga do res; es ti mu lar la in ves ti ga ción en es tas áreas del sa ber; y pro pi ciar la pre sen ta-
ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial.
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al o y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con
avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN
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nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex.
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Eduviges Morales Villalobos
Fabiola Tavares Duarte
Ma ría Eu ge nia Soto Hernández
Nila Leal González
Carmen Pérez Baralt
Co mi Ase sor
Pedro Bracho Grand
J. M. Del ga do Ocan do
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Re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas. Av. Gua ji ra. Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Nú cleo Hu ma nís ti co. Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas. Ins ti tu to de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co
Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che. Ma ra cai bo, Ve ne zue la. E- mail: cues tio nes po li ti cas@gmail.
com ~ loi chi ri nos por til lo@gmail.com. Te le fax: 58- 0261- 4127018.
Vol. 41, Nº 76 (2023), 162-171
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
The right to an enabling environment
in the system of public interests of
the territorial community within the
implementation of the sustainable
development goals
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.08
Yevgeny Zhadan *
Oleksandr Bondarchuk **
Oleksandr Hladii ***
Tetiana Minka ****
Tetiana Alforova *****
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to study the essence of the right
to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of a
territorial society, within the framework of the implementation
of the strategy for Sustainable Development in Ukraine. As the main
content it is known that the national security strategy of Ukraine identies
corruption among the current and planned threats, which prevents the
Ukrainian economy from depressing, makes its sustainable and dynamic
growth impossible and, as a result, fuels the criminal environment. The
methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal
and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation,
hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The
obtained results allow concluding that, the eectiveness of legal regulation
of the implementation and protection of the right to a favorable environment
should be directed to the implementation of environmental and economic
functions of the state and, fundamentally, to strict adherence to national
environmental safety standards.
* Candidate of Sciences from State Administration, doctoral studentof the Department of Public and
Private Law, University of customs and nance, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
7194-0169
** Candidate of economic sciences, doctoral studentof the Department of Public and Private Law,
University of customs and nance, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-2089
*** PhD in Law, doctoral studentof the Department of Public and Private Law, University of customs
and finance, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-0119
**** Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public and Private Law, University of Customs and
Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-6973
***** Candidate of Law Sciences, Associate Professor, First Vice-Rector, Private institution of higher
education “Dnipro humanitarian university”, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-
1208-8153
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 76 (2023): 162-171
Keywords: administrative and legal relations; sustainable development;
public interest; right to a favorable environment; social
dialogue.
El derecho a un entorno propicio en el sistema de
intereses públicos de la comunidad territorial dentro
de la implementación de los objetivos de desarrollo
sostenible
Resumen
El propósito de la investigación fue estudiar la esencia del derecho a
un medio ambiente propicio en el sistema de intereses públicos de una
sociedad territorial, en el marco de la implementación de la estrategia para
el Desarrollo Sostenible en Ucrania. Como contenido principal se sabe
que la estrategia de seguridad nacional de Ucrania identica la corrupción
entre las amenazas actuales y previstas, lo que evita que la economía
ucraniana se deprima, imposibilita su crecimiento sostenible y dinámico
y, como resultado, alimenta el entorno criminal. La base metodológica de
la investigación se presenta como análisis comparativo-legal y sistemático,
método formal-legal, método de interpretación, método hermenéutico, así
como métodos de análisis y síntesis. Los resultados obtenidos permiten
concluir que, la efectividad de la regulación legal de la implementación y
protección del derecho a un medio ambiente favorable debe estar dirigida a
la implementación de las funciones ambientales y económicas del Estado y,
fundamentalmente, al estricto apego a las normas nacionales de seguridad
ambiental.
Palabras clave: relaciones administrativas y jurídicas; desarrollo
sostenible; interés público; derecho a un medio
ambiente propicio; diálogo social.
Introduction
The state policy in the eld of environmental protection in Ukraine
cannot be assessed as suciently eective, as the state of natural resources
continues to deteriorate. According to ocial indicators, the state of
the environment on about 20% of the territory of Ukraine is dened
as unsatisfactory. As a result, an additional 30,000-35,000 people die
annually, and the economic damage reaches 10% of the value of the gross
164
Yevgeny Zhadan, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Hladii, Tetiana Minka y Tetiana Alforova
The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community
within the implementation of the sustainable development goals
domestic product. The martial law in Ukraine has led to the creation of
emergency environmental situations, the overcoming of the negative
manifestations of which, according to the most optimistic forecasts, will be
carried out over the next decade.
The system for ensuring a favorable and safe environment includes
many components, the leading place among which belongs to the formation
of an appropriate mechanism for public administration in this area and the
legal foundations for its functioning, optimization of the mechanism for
its administrative and legal protection. This mechanism covers the entire
process of using natural resources from granting the right to use them
to bringing those responsible for its violation to legal responsibility and
terminating this right. Suce it to mention the numerous violations of the
procedure for obtaining special permits for the use of natural resources, in
particular in the eld of subsoil use (spontaneous mining of amber, coal,
etc.), forest resources (mass destruction of forests, including protected
areas of the Carpathian region), disposal of man-made waste in violation of
environmental safety requirements, etc.
These circumstances indicate a very low level of eciency of the
mechanism of public administration in the eld of environmental
protection. In this regard, it is urgent to develop and improve the system
of administrative and legal regulation of public administration in this area,
as well as a proper theoretical understanding of its content and ways of
improvement.
1. Literature review
The study of the problems of ensuring the eectiveness of the mechanism
of administrative and legal protection of the environment at dierent times
is the subject of scientic research by Surilova and Leheza (2019), Pushkina
et al. (2021), Kolpakov and Kolomoyetz (2020), Zolotukhina et al. (2020).
In accordance with Part 4 of Art. 5 of the Aarhus Convention denes
the obligation of states to publish national reports on the state of the
environment, including information on environmental quality and
information on environmental pressures, at least once every three to four
years.
On the other hand, according to the current legislation of Ukraine, the
concept of the category “environmental quality” is not dened.
The establishment of environmental friendliness should take into account
not only the requirements for compliance with established environmental
safety standards, but also the relevant indicators of anthropogenic features
of the development of society, in particular, determining life expectancy,
165
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 76 (2023): 162-171
cancer incidence, taking into account the latest technologies for introducing
innovations in industrial development, etc. Only taking into account such
indicators will reliably reect the interaction of man and the environment,
optimizing the system for ensuring his right to its safety.
2. Materials and methods
The study is based on the work of foreign and Ukrainian scientists
regarding methodological approaches to understanding the right to
a favorable natural environment as a component of the Sustainable
Development Strategy.
The ontological method of scientic knowledge is used to determine
the system of methodological approaches to understanding the category of
the right to a favorable natural environment as an integral element of the
Sustainable Development Strategy and satisfying the public interest of the
territorial community.
The logical-structural method made it possible to develop conceptual
principles for the implementation and protection of the right to a favorable
natural environment. The use of the system analysis method made it
possible to determine the normative principles for ensuring the right to
a favorable natural environment as an integral part of the Sustainable
Development Strategy.
3. Results and discussion
The purpose of studying the essence of the right to a conducive
environment in the system of public interests of a territorial society in
the framework of the implementation of the Strategy for Sustainable
Development in Ukraine.
The creation of conditions for the functioning of a person, which
determine the characteristics of a favorable external environment, indicates
the implementation by the state of the function assigned to it - the ecological
function.
Ensuring the eectiveness of the implementation of the ecological
function of the state is of particular relevance, starting from the second half
of the twentieth century. The ecological function of the state is understood
as the direction of activity of state authorities and local self-government,
which consists in ensuring environmental safety, rational use of natural
resources, their protection and protection, which results in the formation
of a favorable natural environment (Leheza, 2012).
166
Yevgeny Zhadan, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Hladii, Tetiana Minka y Tetiana Alforova
The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community
within the implementation of the sustainable development goals
The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union
2014 is a kind of conceptual document, the content of which determines
the totality of public interests, the achievement of which is a priority task
of the national public administration system. It is necessary to single out
such normatively dened public interests, which are priority goals for the
development of Ukraine.
In particular, according to the Association Agreement between Ukraine
and the European Union, the sphere of public interests in modern
conditions should include: the gradual associative approach of Ukraine
to the European community; intensication of political dialogue with the
countries of the European Union; introduction of universally recognized
democratic standards for the implementation of human rights and
freedoms, including the improvement of the national justice system and
ensuring the rule of law and respect for the individual; establishing close
economic and trade relations in order to integrate Ukraine into the internal
market of the European Union in the legal doctrine of the European Union
“acquis Communautaire”; ensuring environmental protection standards,
including the introduction of a system for assessing negative environmental
impacts in accordance with Western European standards.
In accordance with the content of the Association Agreement between
Ukraine and the European Union, the introduction of educational
standards, standards for the provision of medical services and assistance is
attributed to the public interests of the development of Ukrainian society.
It is necessary to determine that the priority public interest for Ukraine
in modern conditions is to ensure the success of the European integration
process.
The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union
2014 is a kind of conceptual document, the content of which determines
the totality of public interests, the achievement of which is a priority task
of the national public administration system. In particular, according to the
Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the sphere of public
interests in the eld of social security includes ensuring environmental
protection standards, including the introduction of a system for assessing
negative environmental impacts in accordance with Western European
standards.
Despite the absence of a legislative denition of the concept of
“environment” (or its synonymous category “environment”), research is
constantly being carried out in the scientic community aimed at nding
author’s approaches to its understanding. In addition, noteworthy is
the establishment of an encyclopedic understanding of its essence. In
particular, the group of authors of the “Big Encyclopedic Legal Dictionary”
under the general supervision of Yurii Shemshuchenko argues for the
expediency of understanding the “environment” (“environment”) as a set of
167
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 76 (2023): 162-171
natural and natural-anthropogenic conditions (land, water, forests, subsoil,
atmospheric air, ora and fauna) that surround a person and are necessary
for his life and activities (Shemshuchenko, 2007).
This approach to the denition of the natural environment (environment)
is correlated with the approach of its time, justied by Valery Matviychuk,
as nature accessible to man (both inviolable and modied or created by
man) (Matviychuk, 2011). An adherent of a broad interpretation of the
concept of “environment” is Victor Ivanyushenko, which substantiated
the expediency of its understanding as the identity of the environment
and the environment, which is a set of objects of the natural environment,
other social factors (in particular, living conditions, nutrition, education,
recreation, etc., that is, factors reecting the impact on life and health) of a
person, on the eectiveness of his life (Ivanyushenko, 2009).
The absence of a legislative denition of the category “environment”
complicates the problems of its application, but at the same time it is the
basis for determining the essence of the generic object of environmental
crimes (section VIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (Law of Ukraine,
2001). The absence of a legislative denition of the category “environment”
complicates the problems of its application, but at the same time it is the
basis for determining the essence of the generic object of environmental
crimes (section VIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (Mykolenko et al.,
2010).
It should be noted that since September 2019, the relevant public
administration body in Ukraine has also been called the Ministry of Energy
and Environmental Protection of Ukraine, which was implemented in
accordance with the provisions of the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers
of Ukraine dated September 2, 2019 No. 829 “Some issues of optimizing
the system of central authorities’ executive power” (Law of Ukraine,
2019). In the course of such reform changes, in fact, the recognition of
the “environment” as an object of public administration, as an object of
administrative legal relations, as a special object in need of protection and
protection took place (Matviichuk et al., 2022).
Taking into account the above considerations, it is necessary to draw
several conclusions that will form the basis of further research. First of
all, the author’s understanding of the category “environment” is based
on the need to single out as its component of human life and health, to
determine as criteria for the favorable environment not only compliance
with the requirements established by the current legislation on compliance
with environmental pollution limits, but also to determine the relationship
between human life expectancy and the corresponding state of the
environment in a particular area (Villasmil Espinoza et al., 2022).
168
Yevgeny Zhadan, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Hladii, Tetiana Minka y Tetiana Alforova
The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community
within the implementation of the sustainable development goals
In addition, the quality of environmental protection is also determined
by the appropriate level of provision of standards for the improvement
of settlements, which determines, among other things, the conditions
of human life. Given this approach, it is necessary to abandon the use of
the term “environment”, which in its lexical and semantic understanding
is an unsuccessful attempt to translate the term “environment”, which
corresponds to the Ukrainian word “environment”.
The environment as an object of administrative and legal protection is
understood as a set of natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, which is
a forming set of factors inuencing human life and health, while ensuring
its favorableness has a functional direction of activity of public authorities
and local self-government (Pushkina et al., 2021).
The basis of the administrative and legal regulation of ensuring the
safety and favorable environment should be based on the regional concept
of the integrated use of resources, which allows real eective measures,
monitoring and evaluation of all types of resources that provide a certain
territorial entity.
Increasing the eciency of legal regulation of public administration in
the eld of environmental protection should be directed in the following
areas. In particular, rstly, it is necessary to resolve the issue that the
establishment of forms of ownership of natural resources. The ambiguity
of approaches regarding the expediency of expanding the right of private
ownership of natural resources entails numerous public discussions
(Tylchyk et al., 2022).
In Ukraine, the institution of private ownership of natural resources
is involved to a very small extent. There is an urgent need to expand the
segment of private ownership of some of them (land, forest, individual water
bodies), as well as collective, in particular municipal property, in order to
enhance the possibilities of market self-regulation of nature management
processes and achieve the optimal ratio of state, communal and private
ownership of resources This will contribute to the formation of a market for
natural resources (Kobrusieva et al., 2021).
Another direction of creating a market for natural resources is the
transition to free market circulation of permits (limits, quotas) for the use
of natural resources, by a certain analogy with the proven foreign practice
of circulation of permits (quotas) for emissions into the atmosphere,
discharges into water basins. The introduction of the practice of creating
a market for permits (quotas) for the use of natural resources should be
combined with a revision of their standards, a revision of the components
of the mechanism for paying for the use of natural resources.
The amounts of payments for the use of natural resources levied
in Ukraine are lower than similar payments in neighboring countries.
169
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
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Therefore, it is necessary to increase the amount of collection of natural
resource payments in Ukraine, which will strengthen their eco-ecient
function and increase their role in the formation of tax revenues and
nancing of environmental activities (Halaburda et al., 2021).
These problems can be overcome by strengthening the environmental
orientation of the tax legislation and the pricing system, expanding the
possibilities of credit and nancial support and helping business entities in
the implementation of measures for rational environmental management
through targeted special budget funds (Leheza et al., 2022).
Conclusions
The priority direction in the legal regulation of determining the right
to a favorable environment at the present stage should be a combination
of organizational and legal mechanisms with economic incentives for the
use, protection and reproduction of natural resource potential, which is
manifested in the dierentiation of payments for the use and pollution of
resources; in tax and credit benets; insurance in the eld of protection
and reproduction of resources; replacement, on a necessary and reasonable
scale, of direct, administrative management, indirect, organizational and
legal market regulation.
There is a need for legal dierentiation of social standards, taking
into account the possibilities of regions for the use of natural resource
potential. An important element of the regulatory mechanism is the market
comparison of supply and demand, which can take place in the presence
and development of an appropriate legal framework. The transformation of
forms of ownership and mechanisms for regulating economic activity is an
incentive to search for new methods and means of organizational and legal
regulation of the favorable environment.
Therefore, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new organizational
and legal regulatory mechanism based on a combination of the traditional
prohibition, coercion, obligation with encouragement, stimulation.
This mechanism, based on monitoring and control, will ensure the
implementation of joint eorts of executive authorities, local self-
government in the use, protection and reproduction of natural resource
potential. According to the structure of legal relations, legislation should
also develop through general and special norms.
The eectiveness of legal regulation of the implementation and
protection of the right to a favorable environment should be aimed at the
implementation of the environmental and economic functions of the state
and strict adherence to national environmental safety standards. It provides
170
Yevgeny Zhadan, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Hladii, Tetiana Minka y Tetiana Alforova
The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community
within the implementation of the sustainable development goals
responsibility for the implementation of state programs; stabilization of
policy in taxation, nancing, lending and budgeting, that is, it acts as a real
mechanism for incorporating environmental policy into the functioning of
economic systems.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
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Vol.41 Nº 76