Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Publicación cientíca en formato digital
ISSN-Versión Impresa 0798-1406 / ISSN-Versión on line 2542-3185
Depósito legal pp 197402ZU34
ppi 201502ZU4645
Vol.40 N° 75
2022
Recibido el 08/09/22 Aceptado el 09/10/2022
ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca ción aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to
de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia.
En tre sus ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias
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ti ga do res; es ti mu lar la in ves ti ga ción en es tas áreas del sa ber; y pro pi ciar la pre sen ta-
ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial.
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al año y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con
avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN
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Bi blio gra fía, en el Cen tro La ti no ame ri ca no para el De sa rrol lo (CLAD), en Bi blio-
gra fía So cio Eco nó mi ca de Ve ne zue la de RE DIN SE, In ter na tio nal Bi blio graphy of
Po li ti cal Scien ce, Re vencyt, His pa nic Ame ri can Pe rio di cals In dex/HAPI), Ul ri ch’s
Pe rio di cals Di rec tory, EBS CO. Se en cuen tra acre di ta da al Re gis tro de Pu bli ca cio-
nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex.
Di rec to ra
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M. C
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P
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Co mi té Edi tor
Eduviges Morales Villalobos
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Co mi té Ase sor
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Ri car do Com bel las
An gel Lom bar di
Die ter Nohlen
Al fre do Ra mos Ji mé nez
Go ran Ther born
Frie drich Welsch
Asis ten tes Ad mi nis tra ti vos
Joan López Urdaneta y Nil da Ma rín
Re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas. Av. Gua ji ra. Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Nú cleo Hu ma nís ti co. Fa-
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Vol. 40, Nº 75 (2022), 48-63
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Professionalization of Public Service
of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in
the Context of Global Challenges and
Modern Social Changes
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.02
Nataliia Obushna *
Nataliia Korchak **
Оksana Evsyukova ***
Serhii Selivanov ****
Viktoriіа Petrynska *****
Abstract
The State is an institution that should be considered as a
complex multilevel system, whose managerial eectiveness
depends to a large extent on the professional training of its human
resources. The purpose of this article is to investigate and reveal
the specicities of the process of professionalization of the public service in
the context of global challenges and modern social changes. In the study,
the essence and understanding of the concept of professionalization was
considered, which made it possible to distinguish such approaches as:
scientic, normative and legal, professional and educational. The main
functions of professionalization of the public service are dened. It is
noted that the public service professionalization system has a relationship
with the environment, so it maintains the balance and order of its internal
* Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public
Policy, Educational and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12/2, Akademika Romadonova Str., Kyiv, 04050 Ukraine.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-3104.
** Doctor of Sciences in Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Public Policy, Educational
and Scientic Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of th Taras Shevchenko National
University of Kyiv, 12/2, Akademika Romodanova Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://
orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-2636.
*** Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Associate Professor, Professor of Departnebt for Public
Administration & Project Management Academic & Research Institute for Management and Psychology
of "Education Management University" Public Higher Education Institution of the National Academy
of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, 52a, Sichovykh Striltsiv Str., Kyiv, 04053, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-6955.
**** Candidate of Public Administration (PhD), Head of the Human Resources Department, State Migration
Service of Ukraine, 9 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-
7515-1370.
***** Graduate Student of the Department of Public Policy, Institute of Public Administration and Civil
Service of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12/2, Akademika Romodanova Str., Kyiv,
04050 Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-9848.
50
Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
environment and resists chaos. Professionalization is studied as a process
in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes. It is
concluded that, considering the professionalization of public service as a
process in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes, it
is necessary to take into account the opinions and positions of professionals
to achieve the best results in this eld.
Keywords: public service; public administration; professionalization;
human resource management; digitalization.
Profesionalización del servicio público de Ucrania:
detalles del proceso en el contexto de los desafíos
globales y los cambios sociales modernos
Resumen
El Estado es una institución que debe ser considerada como un sistema
complejo de múltiples niveles, cuya ecacia de gestión depende en buena
medida de la formación profesional d esu recurso humano. El propósito
de este artículo es investigar y revelar las especicidades del proceso de
profesionalización del servicio público en el contexto de los desafíos globales
y los cambios sociales modernos. En el estudio, se consideró la esencia y la
comprensión del concepto de profesionalización, lo que permitió distinguir
enfoques como: cientíco, normativo y legal, profesional y educativo. Se
denen las principales funciones de profesionalización del servicio público.
Se advierte que el sistema de profesionalización del servicio público tiene
una relación con el entorno, por lo que mantiene el equilibrio y orden de
su entorno interno y resiste el caos. Se estudia la profesionalización como
proceso en las condiciones de los desafíos globales y de los cambios sociales
modernos. Se concluye que, al considerar la profesionalización del servicio
público como un proceso en las condiciones de los desafíos globales y los
cambios sociales modernos, es necesario tener en cuenta las opiniones y
posiciones de los profesionales para lograr los mejores resultados en este
campo.
Palabras clave: servicio público; administración pública;
profesionalización; gestión de recursos humanos;
digitalización.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 75 (2022): 49-63
Introduction
Each state is an institution that should be considered as a complex
multi-level system, the eectiveness of management of which depends
on professional training. In order to achieve a high level of eciency and
eectiveness of management activities, it is necessary to rely on deep
knowledge and skills, to have modern methodology and management tools,
to use innovative tools. In the modern conditions of global challenges and
modern social changes, it is necessary to introduce the latest technologies,
in particular, digital tools of mass communication. The most important
tasks of public service employees include the priority of citizens’ rights and
freedoms, transparency of public authorities.
An important aspect in this context is the training of personnel, their
professionalization aimed at obtaining highly professional, highly qualied
employees and eective, sustainable and high-quality functioning of public
authorities. Currently, the professionalization of the public service requires
modernization, which consists in the ability to implement management
functions competently and with a high level of responsibility, to increase
the degree of professionalism of public service employees and to promote
the activation of innovative and digital processes in the state.
The process of creation and practical implementation of state policy
has a signicant dependence on the level of eciency of the public service,
on its formation by qualied and knowledgeable employees, who are a
strategic resource of a competitive country. In the conditions of global
challenges and modern social changes, public service managers need to be
able to quickly make management decisions aimed at solving urgent issues
and problems in various areas of the population’s life, providing them with
high-quality and operational services, maintaining a high level of eciency
of the public service system.
The purpose of this article is to research and reveal the specics of the
process of professionalization of the public service in the context of global
challenges and modern social changes.
The theoretical and methodological basis of this article is the thorough
theories of management, social and social sciences, as well as general
scientic and special research methods. During the writing of this study,
such scientic methods as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction,
abstraction and generalization were applied to clarify the essence and
interpretation of the concept of professionalization, professionalization of
public service, and consideration of professionalization as a specic process
in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes , as well as
its implementation of its stages.
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Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
Also within the scope of this article, the author used a systematic
approach to present the professionalization of the public service as an open
dissipative system and to characterize it and its components. In addition, a
graphic method was used to visually present approaches to understanding
the professionalization of public service, presenting it as an open system
and as a process in the context of global challenges and modern social
changes.
1. Literature Review
Many scientic publications are devoted to various aspects of public
administration and public service. The issue of professionalization of the
public service is gaining special relevance. The article (Sandu, 2021) uses
the idea of professionalization of the state function in order to present the
situation of young people who are in the system and want to develop a
career in this eld. The authors considered the peculiarities of employment
in a public position, the obstacles faced by young people. Scholars
(Bergsgard and Nødland, 2020) investigate the use of open tenders in
public procurement of social services in Norway to determine whether this
implies standardization, professionalisation and/or innovation among civil
sector providers and whether this diers between social welfare areas.
The practical signicance of the article (Bochove and Oldenhof, 2020)
lies in the study of the interaction between non-elite subjects of social
assistance, who carry out institutional work aimed at the implementation
of three strategies: classic professionalization of volunteer coordinators,
protoprofessionalization of volunteers, and improved professionalization
of social assistance practitioners. In conclusion, it is noted that the potential
negative consequences of these professionalization strategies are the
emptying of paid social work and the exclusion of vulnerable volunteers. The
research paper (Simon, 2017) analyzes the history of the state employment
policy and targeted state policy aimed at the professionalization of non-
prot organizations.
The scientists (Cornell and Svensson, 2022) explore the spread of
meritocratic practices as a potential case of policy transfer through a careful
analysis of professionalism in the British civil service. Scholars argue that
British reformers were inspired by meritocratic practices in India under
British rule. The authors (Hartley and Ahmad, 2021) argue that the practice
of professional public service has existed for centuries, and the recognition
of the separation between politics and governance has provided a basis for
theorizing a politically neutral and professional public service. Scholars
examine this trend as a consequence of eorts to professionalize the civil
service.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
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Scholars (Rodriguez-Acosta, 2021) have demonstrated Paraguay’s high
degree of government centralization and authoritarianism throughout
much of the twentieth century. Within the scope of the article, changes in the
professionalism of the public service are considered. The scientists’ article
(Brown, 2021) examines the phenomenon of being called to professional
public service in Canada.
The authors tried to highlight the dynamics of the call and the steps that
professional public services can take to best mobilize those who respond to
it. The authors (Tangsgaard, 2021) prove that these risky situations make
the behavior of professionals on the frontline especially important. Research
results prove the importance of organizational culture and professionalism
of public ocials for risk perception and behavior in risky situations.
According to the authors (Szczygielski, 2021), professional services are
trusted goods provided by professionals. Scholars demonstrate that partial
government support can promote professionalism in service delivery. The
authors of the articles (Popelo et al., 2021; Derhaliuk et al., 2021; Nikiforov
et al., 2022) considered the functions of state management of regional
development in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy,
as well as the state policy of transformation of the potential-creating space
and conceptual principles of regulation of state policy for the development
of public-private partnership.
The analysis of the key areas of scientic publications by authors from
all over the world, which are based on the professionalization of public
service, is presented in Fig. 1.
Figure No. 1. Graphic map of keywords in publications, in which titles the word
“professionalization and public service” is met
Source: compiled by the author based on the analysis of the Scopus database and using the
tools of the VOSviewer program.
54
Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
An article in the eld of professionalization, according to Scopus, was
rst published in 1974. Considering the dynamics of the number of articles
devoted to professionalization, including public service, over the past 10
years, it should be noted that it was as follows: 2022 – 21 articles, 2021 –
35 articles, 2020 – 36 articles, 2019 – 32 articles, 2018 year - 35 articles,
2017 - 28 articles, 2016 - 26 articles, 2015 - 25 articles, 2014 - 34 articles,
2013 - 24 articles (Fig. 2).
Figure No. 2. Dynamics of the number of articles in which titles the word
“professionalization and public service” is met.
Source: compiled by the author based on the analysis of the Scopus database and using the
tools of the VOSviewer program.
Analyzing the activity of scientists, the world centers of scientic
research in the eld of professionalization and public service, based on the
results of the analysis of publications in the Scopus database, are: United
Kingdom, United States, Italy, Australia, China, Germany, Greece, Spain,
Netherlands, France, Denmark, Canada and other.
If we consider publication activity by elds of knowledge, the following
dynamics of the number of articles by the keywords (professionalization)
and (public service) should be noted: computer science (194), social
sciences (187), medicine (83), engineering (67), business, management
and accounting (53), mathematics (39), decision sciences (28), arts and
humanities (24), nursing (17), economics, econometrics and nance (16),
psychology (11) and other (Fig. 3).
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 75 (2022): 49-63
Figure No. 3. Dynamics of the number of articles in which titles the word
“professionalization and public service” is met
Source: compiled by the author based on the analysis of the Scopus database and using the
tools of the VOSviewer program.
Despite the existing publications, the issue of professionalization of
the public service of Ukraine, namely the specics of the process in the
conditions of global challenges and modern social changes, is an extremely
relevant area of research and requires further study and analysis.
2. Results
The current state of the economic and social system of our country
determines the priority of tasks and functions performed by the state. In this
regard, the questions related to the formation of signicant management
potential of managers who could responsibly and competently implement
their functions and duties are quite relevant, that is, in the global context,
this concerns work for the benet of the native country, society and citizens.
Professionalization of public service workers is not only a reliable pillar
for the sustainable development of public authorities, but also a direction
for the eective completion of reforms in terms of decentralization and
improvement of the ability to implement eective management.
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Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
One of the ways that signicantly inuence the process of reforms and
the implementation of state functions is the formation of a professional
sta of public service bodies. In this way, it is necessary to talk about
the comprehensive professionalization of the public service, as well as
the strengthening of already existing and practically applied managerial
approaches to the management of human resources of public service
bodies, since the presence of eective managers who are responsible for
their decisions at the state level is of great importance. Therefore, the issue
of public administration is of signicant importance and requires further
research in the context of global challenges and modern social changes and
the next stage of the decentralization process.
The main goal of professionalization is to increase the quality of public
services, establish leading management principles, professionalism, use the
latest personnel technologies, and materially and nancially support the
work of public service employees.
The consequence of professionalization is the possibility of achieving
the highest level of eciency in making managerial decisions and providing
public services, taking into account the importance of its implementation
at all managerial levels, starting with managers and ending with executors.
Therefore, professionalization is based on the combination of a specialist,
his professional activity and includes the acquisition of the latest specialized
knowledge, skills, etc.
Professionalization should also be considered as a certain process, the
result of which is the formation of an employee both objective - possession
of the necessary knowledge, skills, competences, qualities, and subjective -
motivational aspect, readiness to perform professional duties and functions.
Professionalization is a consequence of such a process, a criterion for the
eectiveness and success of its implementation, a qualitative dierence
between an employee who is a connoisseur and a specialist in his eld.
Therefore, professionalism should be considered as a qualitative side
of the consequence of obtaining knowledge, skills, and experience, which
makes it available and potential for everyone to obtain. Based on this,
professionalization is the process of emergence, formation and further
development of professionalism.
Studying the phenomenon of professionalization, it is necessary to point
out that professionalism has a positive eect on the practical implementation
of social and public changes, acquiring specicity and contributing to the
development of society as a whole, and its components in particular.
In addition, professionalism can be interpreted as the process of
implementing the function of planning in relation to the necessary
knowledge, skills, as well as adaptation to the working, professional
environment. The professionalization of the public service, which acquires
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 75 (2022): 49-63
a certain specicity in the conditions of global challenges and modern
social changes, can be considered both in a broad context (the formation
and development of the professional self-awareness of the employee; his
professional knowledge, skills, abilities, professionalism) and in a narrow
sense (the employee’s mastery of professional rules , norms, values, gaining
experience and skills necessary for eective professional activity, i.e.
formation of professional socialization of the employee).
Today, the professionalization of the public service in Ukraine is carried
out on the basis of a combination of permanent professional education, such
as training and retraining, internships, advanced training, self-training and
education, and gaining practical experience directly at the workplace in the
performance of professional duties.
Thus, based on the above information, it should be noted that
professionalization has a complex nature, and therefore, its study should
be carried out from the point of view of dierent levels (Fig. 4).
Figure. No. 4. Approaches to understanding the professionalization of public
service in the context of global challenges and modern social changes
Source: systematized by the authors.
In our opinion, it is necessary to consider professionalization as an
open system, and therefore has an active interaction with the environment,
global challenges and changes of today (Fig. 5). Currently, the following
functions of professionalization can be distinguished:
• adaptation to changes, requirements and challenges of the
surrounding environment;
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Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
• formation of conditions and use of opportunities to achieve the goal
in the process of implementing management functions;
• ensuring the unity and orderliness of the internal environment
through the organization of the system of public authorities;
• promoting the values and interests of the public administration
system, the development of professional ethics, morality and culture.
The study of professionalization as a system requires the selection of
its components and connections between them, as well as with other
systems, taking into account their mutual inuence. The most eective
for studying professionalization as a system will be the application of a
systemic approach, which will allow, rstly, to single out and characterize its
elements, such as subject, object, etc., secondly, to nd out the components
of the external environment and outline their inuence on the system of
professionalization (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Professionalization of public service in the conditions of global
challenges and modern social changes.
Source: compiled by the authors.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
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Determining the impact of the surrounding environment, one cannot
bypass those global challenges that are becoming extremely relevant
today. Thus, digitalization processes have a signicant impact on the
professionalization of the public service through the acquisition, on the one
hand, of new digital skills and abilities among employees, and on the other
hand, they provide wider and more operational access to various educational
information, educational platforms and programs, which makes it possible
to implement e -learning and engaging in self-education.
Therefore, the professionalization of an employee as a process should be
considered as permanent self-improvement, self-improvement, constant
eorts and work on oneself, taking into account the social changes that
are taking place. From this position, professionalization is associated with
socio-cultural aspects that acquire new meaning, essence, meanings.
There is a combination of external motivation and internal human
eorts. Applying a systemic approach to the professionalization system
makes it possible to consider it as one that is in constant exchange of
information, certain resources, etc. with the socio-cultural environment.
Such an exchange enables the specied system to achieve equilibrium,
maintain balance and order. The professionalization of the public service
is capable of evolution and orderliness, protecting itself from disorder and
chaos and the negative inuence of the surrounding environment.
The essence of the concept of «professionalism» is to understand it as
a high skill, with the help of which you can achieve high results in a certain
type of activity. The main characteristics of a professional employee of the
public service include rationality based on the scientic base, knowledge
and methods of practical activity.
Professionalization can also be presented as a process that takes place
over time and a number of its stages can be distinguished (Fig. 6).
60
Nataliia Obushna, Nataliia Korchak, Oksana Evsyukova, Serhii Selivanov y Viktoriia Petrynska
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specics of the Process in the Context of Global
Challenges and Modern Social Changes
Fig. 6. Professionalization as a process in the conditions of global challenges
and modern social changes.
Source: systematized by the authors.
In the domestic practice of public service, it is not always found as shown
in Fig. 6 sequence of implementation of the indicated stages. A signicant
number of public service workers, especially those occupying high and
political positions, combine the rst two stages. In some cases, the rst
stage is a component of professional development if, as a result of holding
an elected position, a person had to rapidly change the type of professional
activity.
If we consider the professionalization of civil service as a process in the
conditions of global challenges and modern social changes, it is necessary
to understand not only its problems from a theoretical and methodological
point of view, but also to take into account the experience, knowledge and
position of practitioners who are directly engaged in the specied activity,
fully immersed in it, and therefore, have their own vision on the mentioned
issue and ways of its development.
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Conclusion
Professionalization of the public service is an indispensable condition for
the eective functioning and development of a competitive country in the
world and the formation of trust in society and citizens in public authorities
in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes. The
process of professionalization is mobile and dynamic, the result of which
is the preparation of employees of public authorities for professional work,
based on the application of the necessary knowledge, skills, competencies,
and skills.
Thus, the scientic approach to understanding professionalization is
dominated by the activity approach, which focuses on the formation of the
employee as a professional in his eld, an experienced person who perfectly
possesses and uses his skills and knowledge during the performance of
his professional duties. The dynamism of the professionalization process
lies in the fact that it stretches over time and is divided into a number of
stages, each of which involves either xing or changing a certain achieved
professional level.
The emergence of professionalism begins with the process of forming an
employee as a professional and reects on the competence and authority of
a person, as well as on the eectiveness of his activities, able to share his
experience with colleagues and solve non-standard, non-trivial tasks and
problems in the work area. The formation of an employee as a professional is
a process that is related to his own skills, experience, abilities and interests,
as well as stimulation and working conditions. There is a dependence of
professionalization on the level of education and experience of the worker,
on his personal interest in professional activity, etc. Professionalization of
the public service of Ukraine is a priority task in the conditions of global
challenges and modern social changes.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en diciembre de 2022, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.40 Nº 75
