Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Vol.40 N° 72
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Vol. 40, Nº 72 (2022), 395-409
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Public policy settlement of social
conicts in the context of national security
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.22
Tetiana Shestakovska *
Olena Mykhailovska **
Myroslava Buk ***
Andriy Tabachuk ****
Iryna Tubolets *****
Abstract
Using an analytical methodology, the article examines the
connection between social conicts and national security. The
discursive space of the problems of social conict has been
systematized and the reasons that inuence the dynamics and
duration of social conict have been determined. Complex
systems of social conict prevention are presented and a model of
inuence of social conicts on the national security system of the
state is developed. The driving forces of social conicts and national security
indicators are also grouped together. The sequence of conceptualization of
the results of the institutionalization of the public management of social
conicts has been announced. The methodology and levels of assessment
of the willingness of the authorities of public management of social
conicts for interaction are indicated. It is concluded that, since there is
currently no single criterion for assessing the impact of the interaction of
public management institutions on the prevention of social conicts in the
context of national security, the study of the capacity for such interaction
should be carried out considering conditions of complexity, systemic and
convergence.
Keywords: public administration; social conicts; national security;
interaction; context.
* Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Chernihiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-8098-8439
** Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Chernihiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-7682-2292
*** Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-
9377
**** Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-
2336
***** University of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
4930-2427
396
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Solución de políticas públicas de conictos sociales
en el contexto de la seguridad nacional
Resumen
Mediante una metodología analítica, el artículo examina la conexión
entre los conictos sociales y la seguridad nacional. Se ha sistematizado el
espacio discursivo de los problemas del conicto social y se han determinado
las razones que inuyen en la dinámica y duración del conicto social. Se
presentan los sistemas complejos de prevención de conictos sociales y se
desarrolla un modelo de inuencia de los conictos sociales en el sistema de
seguridad nacional del estado. También se agrupan las fuerzas impulsoras
de los conictos sociales y los indicadores de seguridad nacional. Se ha
dado a conocer la secuencia de conceptualización de los resultados de
la institucionalización de la gestión pública de los conictos sociales. Se
indica la metodología y los niveles de valoración de la disposición de las
autoridades de gestión pública de conictos sociales para la interacción.
Se concluye que, dado que en la actualidad no existe un criterio único para
evaluar el impacto de la interacción de las instituciones de gestión pública
en la prevención de conictos sociales en el contexto de la seguridad
nacional, el estudio de la capacidad para dicha interacción debe realizarse
teniendo en cuenta condiciones de complejidad, sistémica y convergencia.
Palabras clave: administración pública; conictos sociales; seguridad
nacional; interacción; contexto.
Introduction
Society is characterized by the growth of conict, which should be
understood as a social crisis due to transformation of the political system,
economic relations, geopolitical space, and culture. Complications of
human life, inconsistency of existing concepts of national security,
strategies, and programs of socio-economic development to the challenges
of modern change increase the level of conict in society (Novak-Kalyayeva
at al., 2018). Ontologically, social conict and national security are closely
intertwined. At the same time, an adequate level of national security
(protection of society) signicantly reduces conict, primarily minimizing
the likelihood of arising antagonistic conicts in the country, aimed at the
mutual destruction of social opponents.
The development of mechanisms for preventing social conicts in the
context of national security should play a key role in the modern system
of public administration. That is, an eective system of mechanisms for
preventing social conicts, which is implemented in cooperation with the
397
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
public, is one of the most important means of ensuring stability, social
peace, and security of the state.
Usually, synchronicity of the conict course of sociogenesis is manifested
through the weakening of the level of protection of vital interests of
society and the state from destructive endogenous and exogenous factors
(Beglytsia at al., 2021). Conict itself is a deviation from the normal state
of the system, a problem of society, a signal that there is pathology, a threat
that is the impetus for radical change (Citrin, 2001).
Systematization of the provisions of scientic schools (structural
functionalism, Marxism, microfunctionalism, applied sociology, neo-
Weberian sociology) to the analysis of social conicts has made it possible
to identify the following characteristics of conict: 1) conict indicates
important changes; 2) conict is commonplace and takes place in everyone’s
life; 3) conict is deviation; 4) conict is inherent in all social relations.
Thus, social conict is an integral part of even the most democratic society.
However, civilized democracy is designed to neutralize its risks.
The systematization of the discourse space on the study of social conicts
as an object of public administration and their negative impact on national
security is presented in Fig. 1.
398
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Fig. 1. Generalization of the discourse space of social conict as
an object of public administration.
Source: author’s elaboration
399
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
The set of reasons that lead to contradictions in the relationship and
aect the dynamics and duration of the conict are presented in Fig.2. If one
of the participants (individuals), social groups has a force that signicantly
exceeds the strength of the enemy, he may begin exacerbating the conict
to intimidate the enemy and prevent possible confrontation.
Insult
Frustration
H
ostility
Incompatibility of
goals
Provocation of
conflict
Conflict-
Solidarity
Conflict -
Organization
Conflict -
Mobilization
RESOURCES
Conflict
group
Beginning of
violence
Event -
"Contradiction"
Fig.2. Reasons generating contradictions in relationships and
aecting the dynamics and duration of social conict.
Source: author’s elaboration
Social conict presents its substantive basis through key stages
of development. According to the studies of scientists, it is possible
to distinguish four stages of such development: pre-conict, conict,
solution, post-conict. At the same time, the peculiarity of social conict
is its consideration as a cyclical phenomenon, as it sometimes turns into
a cyclical form of development. This occurs when unresolved issues arise
within the social process because of some reasons. They form a kind of
cycle: pre-conict situation, aggravation of relations, transformation of
values, change of interests, and conict resolution (Kaliuzhna, 2017).
Thus, in their content, social conicts play a very important role in the
life of society, its functioning and development, and therefore they cannot
be considered only as an inevitable evil, as a social pathology that has a
destructive eect on society, which can be eliminated in society once and for
all. That is, social conict is quite natural and logical in the public system,
dening its destabilizing role, we emphasize while in its content it is always
an organizing form of civilization progress.
400
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Studying the world’s practical experience, we note that specialists of
governmental, intergovernmental, international, and non-governmental
organizations take part in the development of social conict prevention
systems. To summarize the results of the study, we have systematized
modern systems for preventing social conicts that are used in the world
(Table 1) (Khasanov, 2019).
It is important to emphasize that social conict management in the
context of national security can be assessed in terms of both eectiveness
and eciency. At the same time, scientists do not consider the assessment
in terms of the ability of public management institutions (primarily public
authorities, local governments, and civil society institutions) to neutralize
social conicts. It should be noted that the question of assessing public
management of social conicts in the context of economic security has
never received an unambiguous answer in the literature. This situation is to
some extent explained by the complexity of society as a subject and object of
public management and its multifaceted nature. Hence the search for a local
criterion for assessing the impact of the interaction of public management
institutions on the prevention of social conicts in the context of national
security (Peace and Conict Impact Assessment (PCIA) Handbook, 2013).
Table 1. Comprehensive systems for preventing social
conicts in the world
Governmental
systems
Intergovernmental
systems
Systems of non-
governmental organizations
System of
Diagnostics and
Prevention of
Social Conicts
Systeme d’Alerte
Precoce (SAP),
The Ministry of
the Armed Forces
(France)
United Nations
Development Program,
Conict Monitoring
Systems in individual
countries
(Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine,
Bolivia, Kenya, Ghana).
UN, Human Rights
Committee, Global
Conict Diagnosis
System
FEWER: (Eurasia, Russia)
FEWER: Africa
Conict Diagnosis and Analysis
System,
Switzerland
Human Security Program in Sri
Lanka
Crisis Prevention
System, The
Federal Ministry
for Economic
Cooperation and
Development of
Germany
European Union:
list of unstable
countries
The Foundation for Tolerance
International (Kyrgyzstan)
AU: Continental
Conict Diagnosis and
Prevention System
West African Conict Early
Warning and Early Response
System (Ghana)
401
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
List of unstable
countries,
United States
Government,
The National
Intelligence
Council
OSCE, Conict
Prevention System
Ethnological Monitoring
Network (Russia)
SEEAS: Conict
Prevention System in
Central Africa
The International Crisis Group
(Belgium)
Source: author’s elaboration.
1. Objectives
Therefore, the aim of the proposed study is to analyze the transformation
and eectiveness of public policy settlement of social conicts in the context
of national security.
2. Materials and methods
In this context, we have a correlation between social conicts and
methods of their resolving based on a systematic understanding of socio-
political factors aecting national security (Fig. 3).
As there is currently no single criterion for assessing the impact of
interaction of public management institutions on the prevention of social
conicts in the context of national security, the study of the capacity for
such interaction should be carried out taking into account conditions
of complexity, system city and convergence. Further, it is proposed to
consider the method of assessing the readiness of public management of
social conicts to interact. This method allows assessing basic knowledge
and skills of the participants of such interaction, which will contribute to
obtaining the best results.
The key components of diagnosis should be the theoretical,
methodological, and psychological readiness of the institutions of
interaction. Diagnostic parameters are a system of knowledge and skills
that are assessed on a tribal scale. Each of the diagnostic parameters is
estimated by a coecient (K1, K2, K3), which is calculated by the formula:
points ofnumber possible maximum
tspoin
K
n
∑
=
, (1)
where Σ points – total number of points
After calculating the coecient of each of the blocks, the average
coecient is calculated by the formula:
402
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
3
321
KKK
K
++
=
, (2)
Fig. 3. Model of inuence of social conicts on the system of
national security of the state.
Source: author’s elaboration
403
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
Based on the value of the average coecient obtained, it is possible to
determine the levels of readiness for the interaction of public management
institutions to prevent conict. If the value of the coecient is within: 1)
0.8 - 1 points - the level of readiness is optimal; 2) 0.6 - 0.7 points, the
level is acceptable; 3) less than 0.6 points - the level is critical. To obtain
objective data, such diagnostics requires a long process of monitoring the
interaction and accumulation of diagnostic data. It should be noted that
not all diagnostic parameters are easy to assess during the observation of
the interaction process, so it is advisable at the rst stage to conduct an
interview with the participants of the interaction on issues that reect the
content of the indicators of this method.
3. Results and discussion
The current environment is characterized by growing uncertainty and
instability, caused primarily by the impact of globalization, expanding
conict space, increasing tensions in international relations, destruction
of established structures, as well as changes in the nature of information
and communication in human society. As a result, it destroys security
balance both separate countries and the world as a whole, so an important
characteristic of public management is ability to interact within the system
to prevent social conicts and ensure national security. We propose to
consider the eectiveness of public management of social conicts as ability
to change in accordance with the needs of civil society.
The use of social conict as an important factor of national danger is
presented by us through a system of factors and indicators (Fig. 4).
404
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Fig.4. Driving forces of social conicts and indicators of
national security (Kachynskyi, 2013).
The implementation and protection of human rights must be at the
heart of the national security assessment system. After all, rst of all, it
is a person who has a complex set of individual goals, motives for socio-
economic discrimination, opportunities, and expectations, makes decisions
about participation in the conict; secondly, the goal of socio-economic
development of the country is not only the absolute growth of indicators but
also a fair optimal distribution of growth results among dierent segments
of the population. A person who believes that his or her rights are being
violated and that the state has failed to enforce socio-economic rights to
ensure them decides to take part in the conict.
405
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
The institutions of public management of social conicts include
representatives of public authorities, local governments, and civil society
institutions, which within their powers in the process of social dialogue
provide solutions to problems of social conicts and their management.
The objects of social conict management are the population of the country
(Fig. 5) (Decree of the President of Ukraine, 2015; Konakh, 2016).
Fig. 5. Conceptualization of the results of institutionalization
of public management of social conicts.
Source: author’s elaboration
For more eective prevention / resolution of social conicts within the
system of public management, we propose to use the method of assessing
the readiness of institutions of public management of social conicts for
interaction (Table 2).
406
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Table 2. Levels of assessment of readiness of institutions of
public management of social conicts for interaction
Diagnostic
blocks
Composition Parameters Assessment
Orientation
of readiness
Content of
readiness
Indicators for assessment of
readiness for interaction
Levels
О D K
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Theoreti-
cal readiness
1. Knowledge
of the theoret-
ical basis of
social conict
management
1) knowledge of basic laws of so-
cial conict management;
2) orientation in the purpose and
tasks of social conict manage-
ment;
3) knowledge of terminology;
4) ability to select the content of
communications on the basis of
scientic data, facts, concepts,
laws.
5) understanding the logic of the
process of social conict man-
agement.
2. Knowledge
of eective
communica-
tion methods
1) orientation in the diversity of
modern methods of communica-
tion;
2) understanding the essence of
these methods;
3) an idea of the possibilities of
using existing methods of com-
munication in the process of so-
cial conict management.
2. Meth-
odological
readiness
1. Knowledge
of the content
of social con-
ict manage-
ment
1) understanding the role of in-
teraction in the system of social
conict management;
2) orientation in strategies, pro-
grams, and projects;
3) allocation of knowledge, skills,
and abilities that should be
formed in the process of social
conict management.
2. Knowledge
of modern
achievements
in the eld of
social conict
management
1) understanding the relation-
ship between the content, forms,
and methods of social conict
management;
2) orientation in the diversity
and specicity of forms of orga-
nization of social conict man-
agement;
3) orientation in innovative
forms of organization of social
conict management, their es-
sence, conditions of successful
use in practical activity.
407
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 395-409
3. Knowledge
of social con-
ict manage-
ment tools
1) orientation in diversity, speci-
city, conditions of application of
modern means in the process of
interaction, aimed at social con-
ict management;
2) understanding the roe and
functions of social conict man-
agement in terms of activation
and development of participants’
interests in certain issues.
3. Psycho-
logical read-
iness
1. Knowledge
of the psycho-
logical charac-
teristics of the
participants of
the interaction
1) orientation in the psychologi-
cal characteristics of the partici-
pants of the interaction;
2) understanding the role of psy-
chodiagnostics in achieving the
eectiveness / eciency of inter-
action;
3) orientation in diagnostic
methods for assessing the psy-
chological characteristics of par-
ticipants in the interaction pro-
cess.
2. Knowledge
of the laws of
interaction
1) understanding the laws of cog-
nition;
2) orientation in the components
of cognition, their essence and
logical relationship.
3) understanding the psycho-
logical foundations of personal-
ity development of dierent age
groups.
3. Knowledge
of modern
technologies
of public ad-
ministration
interaction
1) understanding the need for co-
ordination of interaction in the
process of social conict man-
agement;
2) mastery of techniques for
planning, organizing and moti-
vating interaction;
3) orientation in the content of
control and analytical activities
in the process of interaction.
Source: author’s elaboration
No doubt, the advantage of this method is that it allows assessing
various aspects of readiness for the process of interaction in social conict
management; identify weaknesses, which allows oering a specic
system of proposals to increase readiness for interaction in social conict
management. The technique can be used in full or in parts (individual
blocks), and allows making additional blocks, components, or parameters.
408
Tetiana Shestakovska, Olena Mykhailovska, Myroslava Buk, Andriy Tabachuk y Iryna Tubolets
Public policy settlement of social conicts in the context of national security
Conclusions
Thus, the eectiveness of public management of social conicts in the
context of national security can be ensured by the appropriate level of
interaction of public management institutions, to determine which it is
proposed to use a method for assessing the readiness of the institutions
of public management of social conicts to interact, including specic
parameters.
The results of the study can be used as a starting point to determine
the level of the correlation in the system of public management, aimed at
preventing / resolving social conicts. Thus, public management policy
makers can obtain information to assess the eectiveness of the interaction
between the institutions of public management and civil society to prevent
social conicts in the context of national security.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
en enero de 2022, por el Fondo Editorial Serbiluz,
Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.40 Nº 72