Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
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197402ZU34
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Vol.40 N° 72
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Junio
2022
Recibido el 03/11/2021 Aceptado el 14/12/2021
ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
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Vol. 40, Nº 72 (2022), 368-384
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
The use of the mechanism of public-
private partnership in the investment
processes management in the context
of digitalization
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.20
Olena Dyagileva *
Larysa Liubokhynets **
Tetiana Zabashtanska ***
Victoriia Shuklina ****
Ihor Bezuhlyi *****
Abstract
The study substantiates the principles of using the mechanism
of public-private partnership in the management of investment
processes in the context of digitalization. It is determined that
digitalization gives an opportunity to reconsider the principles of
modern concepts of management decisions and views on various economic
processes and relations in society, to get a faster and optimal attraction
of nancial resources. Obstacles to the use of the mechanism of public-
private partnership in the management of investment processes in the
context of macro-level digitalization, which are in the plane of institutional
management of public-private partnership. Macro-level barriers that arise
on the part of private partners in attracting investment resources through
the use of public-private partnerships in the context of digitalization have
been identied. The directions of elimination of obstacles of macro- and
microlevels are oered. The list of conditions that must be taken into
account when attracting investment resources in terms of public-private
partnership in the context of digitalization is substantiated.
* PhD in Educational Sciences, Vice-Rector on Academic Work, Kherson State Maritime Academy, 20
Ushakova Av., 73009 Kherson, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-4066
** PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Economic Theories and Economic
Security, Khmelnytskyi National University, 11 Instytutska Str., Khmelnytsky, 29016, Ukraine. ORCID
ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-130X
*** PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Marketing, PR-Technologies and Logistics,
Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, 95 Shevchenkа Str., 14035, Chernihiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-3651
**** PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Management, Marketing and Tourism, Kherson
National Technical University, 24 Berislavske shosse, 73008 Kherson, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://
orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-092X
***** PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Tourism, Chernihiv Polytechnic National
University, 95 Shevchenkа Str., 14035, Chernihiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
4510-9232
369
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
Keywords: investment resources; management; public-private
partnership; mechanism of attraction; digitalization.
El uso del mecanismo de colaboración público-privada
en la gestión de procesos de inversión en el contexto de
la digitalización
Resumen
El estudio fundamenta los principios de la utilización del mecanismo
de asociación público-privada en la gestión de los procesos de inversión en
el contexto de la digitalización. Se determina que la digitalización brinda
la oportunidad de reconsiderar los principios de los conceptos modernos
de decisiones de gestión y visiones sobre diversos procesos económicos y
relaciones en la sociedad, para obtener una atracción más rápida y óptima
de los recursos nancieros. Obstáculos al uso del mecanismo de asociación
público-privada en la gestión de procesos de inversión en el contexto de la
digitalización a nivel macro, que se encuentran en el plano de la gestión
institucional de la asociación público-privada. Se han identicado barreras
a nivel macro que surgen por parte de los socios privados para atraer
recursos de inversión mediante el uso de asociaciones público-privadas en
el contexto de la digitalización. Se ofrecen las direcciones de eliminación de
obstáculos de macro y micro niveles. Se fundamenta la lista de condiciones
que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de atraer recursos de inversión en
términos de asociación público-privada en el contexto de la digitalización.
Palabras clave: recursos de inversión, gestión, asociación público-
privada, mecanismo de atracción, digitalización.
Introduction
The development of economic systems, the achievement of stable rates
and stability of economic growth can be achieved by investing in various
spheres of social development. Global trends in economic systems prove
the importance and necessity of digitalization of all spheres of economic
activity. It is digitalization that makes it possible to improve, accelerate,
and intensify diverse processes, including attracting investment resources
using the mechanism of public-private partnership. Digitization makes
it possible to reconsider the principles of modern concepts of decision-
making and views on various economic processes and relations in society,
to obtain faster and optimal nancing.
370
Olena Dyagileva, Larysa Liubokhynets, Tetiana Zabashtanska, Victoriia Shuklina y Ihor Bezuhlyi
The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the investment processes management
in the context of digitalization
Investment resources are no exception. The development of the digital
economy has many dierent tasks, including accelerating economic growth
and attracting investment resources. Today, it is impossible to imagine the
further development of investment relations and partnerships between the
private and public sectors without digitalization.
The main purpose of this study is to substantiate the principles of
using the mechanism of public-private partnership in the management of
investment processes in the context of digitalization. To achieve this goal,
the following tasks were performed: macro-level obstacles in the area of
institutional management of public-private partnership, as well as macro-
level obstacles that arise from private partners in attracting investment
resources through public-private partnership in the context of digitalization;
directions of elimination of obstacles at macro- and micro-levels in the
conditions of digitalization are oered; the list of conditions that must be
taken into account when attracting investment resources in terms of public-
private partnership in the context of digitalization is substantiated.
1. Literature Review
The study of the peculiarities of the use of the mechanism of public-
private partnership in the management of investment processes is an
extremely relevant and topical issue. Many scientic publications of
prominent scientists are devoted to these issues and their role in regional
development in the conditions of digitalization, among which it should be
noted: Abramova (2021); Adebayo (2021); Ahmad (2020); Akinsola (2021);
Albalate (2020); Areeva (2021); Armand (2020); Belyaev (2020); Chen
(2021); Chunling (2021); Cosmulese (2019); Dergaliuk (2021); Djakona
(2020); Dubyna (2017); Fedyshyn (2019); Fleta-Asín (2021); Gasilov (2017);
Grigoraș-Ichim (2018); Khan (2020); Khanin (2021); Kholiavko (2021);
Khudolei (2021); Kovalenko (2021); Kychko (2021); Mashnenkov (2021);
Popelo (2017); Qin (2021); Raza (2021); Samiilenko (2021); Samoilovych
(2021); Sergei (2020); Shahbaz (2020); Shkarlet (2018); Silaghi (2021);
Sresakoolchai (2020); Tarasenko (2017); Tulchynckiy (2021); Tulchynska
(2021); Van Song (2021); Zhuk (2018) and others.
In the article (Sergei et al., 2020), scientists propose to use the benets
of public-private partnership, its application, considering regional specics
on the example of the rail freight market as a meso-level institution.
The authors have developed models of legal regulation of investments
in transport projects, which will contribute to the spatial expansion of
markets by obtaining a systemic economic and legal eect. The aim of the
article (Gasilov et al., 2017) is to develop approaches to risk management
of public-private partnership projects. The authors proved that the greatest
risks arise at the stage of investing projects.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
Due to the classication of risks at the stage of investing in public-
private partnership projects, eective methods of leveling the negative
consequences of risk manifestations are proposed. The authors’ research
(Chunling et al., 2021) shows a signicant positive relationship between
public-private investment in energy and the environmental footprint in
the long and short term. The authors argue that increased public-private
investment in energy aects Pakistan’s environmental sustainability.
Researchers (Chen, 2021) have shown that public-private partnerships
are an important policy tool that promotes sustainable economic
development. According to the analysis, the authors note that there is a
good trend of improvement, reecting the economic sustainability of
investment in infrastructure, and public-private partnerships have played
an important role in these processes. The scientists’ article (Fleta-Asín et
al., 2021) is based on a study of the determinants of private investment
participation in public-private partnership projects in renewable energy
sources. According to the authors, it can be argued that public-private
partnerships, which are smaller and younger, show a greater degree of
participation of private investors. In such circumstances, the private
partner assumes more responsibility, and the main source of income - from
payments to electricity consumers.
The authors (Raza et al., 2021) examine the causal relationship between
public-private partnership investments in the energy sector in individual
developing countries. Scientists use nonparametric causal relationships
in quantiles and methods of linear causal relationships. The authors of
the article conclude that public-private partnership investments in non-
renewable energy sources in some countries contribute to carbon emissions
and worsen the environment. In the study (Adebayo et al., 2021), the
authors analyze the causal links to identify the impact of public-private
investment in energy, renewable energy consumption, technological
innovation. According to the study, the authors recommend encouraging the
consumption of renewable energy, paying more attention to technological
innovation.
The basis of the study (Van Song et al., 2021) is to determine the role
of public-private partnership investment and environmental innovation.
The authors argue that, according to long-term assessments, GDP and PPIs
are causing greater environmental depletion in terms of CO2 emissions
and haze pollution. The authors argue that short-term estimates of past
carbon emissions have a signicant positive relationship with their current
values. The authors’ research (Akinsola et al., 2021) evaluates the impact
of public-private partnerships in energy and nancial development on the
environmental situation in Brazil.
The authors study the role of renewable energy and economic growth.
Scientists recommend the creation of a forum that will promote the
372
Olena Dyagileva, Larysa Liubokhynets, Tetiana Zabashtanska, Victoriia Shuklina y Ihor Bezuhlyi
The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the investment processes management
in the context of digitalization
development of public-private partnerships and promote cooperation with
new initiatives based on environmental technological innovations. The
authors of the article (Belyaev et al., 2020) study the current state and
features of the development of public-private partnership in the regions. In
the study, scientists analyzed the main nancial and investment statistical
indicators of the formation and functioning of public-private partnership.
The authors of the article propose to rank the regions, including not only
the level and scope of public-private partnership, but also the volume of
real innovation projects and indicators of innovative development of the
region.
2. Results
If we assess more thoroughly such a model of budget allocations in the
management of investment processes in the context of digitalization, as a
public-private partnership, we can identify certain obstacles to the spread
of this model of investment. Thus, the macro-level obstacles that lie in
the plane of institutional governance, ie on the part of the state, are the
following (Fig. 1):
Imperfection of institutional support, which is manifested in the
underdevelopment of the legislative eld for the dissemination of
the model of public-private partnership.
Inconsistency of the national legislative eld with the principles and
approaches of international law.
Weakness of human rights practice and legal support of
documentation on public-private partnership investment project
agreements.
Unwillingness of the authorities to partner with the private sector
and implement investment projects.
Lack of clear division of powers and areas of responsibility between
public authorities and the private partner.
Insucient level of coordination in public authorities in coordinating
investment projects of public-private partnership.
Unsatisfactory level of attention of the authorities to the management
and implementation of investment policy, including at the level of
local governments in the eld of public-private partnership.
Unpreparedness of the authorities and low level of competence of
civil servants in the eld of public-private partnership.
Lack of experience in the eld of public-private partnership.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
Decit of state and local budgets, which complicates and slows down
the attraction of investment resources in projects using the model of
public-private partnership.
Imperfection of methodological support of procedures for approval
of investment projects with the participation of public-private
partnership.
Fig. 1. Obstacles to the use of the mechanism of attracting
investment resources through the use of public-private
partnership in the context of digitalization and directions for
their elimination.
Source: developed by the authors.
374
Olena Dyagileva, Larysa Liubokhynets, Tetiana Zabashtanska, Victoriia Shuklina y Ihor Bezuhlyi
The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the investment processes management
in the context of digitalization
Micro-level barriers that lie in the plane of partnerships on the part of
private partners are:
Unfavorable investment conditions caused by global, political and
other conditions of economic development, which lead to a decrease
in investment activity of private partners.
The complexity of the mechanism of providing state support for
investment projects.
Complexity of business conditions in the process of investment
projects, as there are no guarantees of timely obtaining permits
and necessary approvals from local governments or executive
authorities to implement the investment project in terms of public-
private partnership. Most often, delays occur on the permits of land
use, which participates in the investment project.
Risks of the private partner regarding the fulllment of the conditions
of nancing of the investment project by the state partner, which is
connected with the time intervals of approval of the budget planning
and possible non-fulllment of obligations.
Lack of motivating factors for private partners in the form of tax
preferences, customs and other benets when concluding investment
projects with the participation of public-private partnership.
Low awareness of business about the benets of attracting
investment projects using public-private partnerships.
Bureaucracy in concluding agreements and conducting conciliation
procedures, as well as the possibility of corruption schemes;
Imperfection of protection of property rights in resolving commercial
disputes and litigation of other claims.
With the development of digitalization of the economy, most of the
obstacles at both the micro and macro levels can be removed. Directions for
eliminating obstacles at the macro and micro levels in terms of digitization
can be:
Improvement of institutional support for the implementation of
public-private partnership.
Implementation of European legislation, which would strengthen
the legislative support of investment processes with the participation
of public-private partnership.
Implementation of international practice on court proceedings on
public-private partnership investment projects.
Increasing coordination and establishing closer and transparent
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
relations between the public and private sectors.
Increasing the competence of civil servants in the eld of public-
private partnership.
Improvement of methodological support of the procedure and
signing of public-private partnership agreements.
Justication for the use of preferences and incentives for the private
partner in the direction of intensifying investment activity within
the public-private partnership.
Raising public awareness of the opportunities and benets of
attracting investment resources through public-private partnerships
insocial, economic and environmental spheres of social development.
Overcoming the bureaucracy of conducting conciliation procedures
and signing agreements.
Involvement of the mechanism of attraction of investment resources
under the conditions of use of public-private partnership provides certain
tools of distribution of risks of the investment project and duties between
public and private partners. Attracting investment resources on the basis
of public-private partnership makes it possible to transfer the management
of public facilities to a private partner. At the same time, there are certain
conditions that must be taken into account when attracting investment
resources in terms of public-private partnership in terms of digitalization
(Fig. 2).
376
Olena Dyagileva, Larysa Liubokhynets, Tetiana Zabashtanska, Victoriia Shuklina y Ihor Bezuhlyi
The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the investment processes management
in the context of digitalization
Fig. 2. Mandatory conditions that must be considered when
attracting investment resources in terms of public-private
partnership in terms of digitalization.
Source: developed by the authors.
These prerequisites include:
Firstly, the legal basis is a clear legal basis. For the implementation of
investment projects with the participation of public-private partnership, a
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
very important factor in the approval and conclusion of agreements is the
clarity of the legal basis of such contracts. Prior to the conclusion of public-
private partnership agreements, it is important to carefully study the legal
framework before preparing the documentation for the investment project.
This further makes it possible to avoid legal problems when signing a
contract and implementing an investment project with the involvement of
public-private partnership.
Secondly, establishing long-term cooperation. The key condition under
which public-private partnership investment projects are possible is
long-term cooperation between private and public partners. Establishing
cooperation makes it possible to achieve the maximum eect of attracting
investment resources and get the maximum value for money. In cases where
the investment project is long-term, which is a characteristic feature of
public-private partnership, sometimes there may be situations that lead to
change. Fruitful coordinated interaction between partners is a mandatory
and necessary condition for such cooperation.
Thirdly, the transfer of risks. One of the important positive dierences of
public-private partnership investment is the possibility of transferring part
of the risks to another partner. Most of the risks are borne by the party that is
in the best position to assess and counteract it, as well as to respond quickly
to the consequences of its occurrence and action. One of the requirements
for the approval of public-private partnership agreements is the ability of
one of the parties to which the risks are transferred to control the possibility
of their occurrence and be responsible for their consequences.
Fourthly, the ability of a private partner to nance the repayment of debt.
When using investment resources on the basis of public-private partnership
and the risks assumed, the private partner expects a corresponding return
in the form of return of invested investment resources with the appropriate
interest. Under the conditions of attracting investment resources on the
basis of public-private partnership, usually about half of the costs of xed
assets under the investment project) is nanced by the equity of the private
partner and borrowed investment resources. Usually the percentage of
nancing costs depends on the level of risk, guarantees and many other
factors. Debt collateral to a private partner can also be provided by an
international nancial organization, as well as through the debt instruments
market.
But usually any lender conducts a comprehensive legal and nancial
evaluation of each component of the investment project to check the ability
of the investment project to bring the appropriate prot that will allow to
repay debts. If there is a signicant risk of insucient prots from a public-
private partnership investment project to cover costs and to obtain the
appropriate protability of the project, it is necessary to support the public
partner to repay the debt obligations of the private partner;
378
Olena Dyagileva, Larysa Liubokhynets, Tetiana Zabashtanska, Victoriia Shuklina y Ihor Bezuhlyi
The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the investment processes management
in the context of digitalization
Fifthly, obtaining protability by attracting investment resources
through public-private partnerships. As you know, the main purpose of
investing is to make a prot. At the same time, various mechanisms can be
used to ensure the receipt of investment income. For example, due to the
collection of prots over a long period, it may be in the form of fares, ticket
sales, advertising, etc., depending on the object and form of the investment
project. Also, the income from the investment project can be obtained as a
result of payments for operational readiness.
Also, income for a private partner can be supplemented by government
funding and other various forms of government support, such as subsidies,
subsidies, or tax and customs benets. Both methods of obtaining a return
on an investment project can be used. It should be noted that a possible
decision to ensure the income of a private partner in attracting investment
resources through public-private partnership can be a political decision
and has a signicant impact on the nancial structure of the investment
project and, consequently, its viability in general;
Sixthly, the approach to investment projects, which is based on the life
cycle and productivity of the object of investment resources. In contrast to
the model of public allocations on the basis of public procurement in the
implementation of investment projects in terms of attracting investment
resources on the basis of public-private partnership in terms of digitalization,
the results of the investment project are dened as some initial value.
That is, the main conditions under such an investment model are
not technical parameters, but indicators of productivity of the object of
investment resources. This allows you to use the innovative potential of the
private partner, his creativity in work and decision-making, management
and nancing experience by choosing the provider of services, works or
products that would oer the best life cycle value for the cost of attracting
investment resources digitization.
Seventhly, taking into account the scope and complexity of the contract
structure for the horizontal integration of services. Attracting investment
resources on the basis of public-private partnership in the context of
digitalization can be structured both vertically and horizontally. The ability
to attract investment resources using the mechanism of public-private
partnership in the context of digitalization makes it possible to ensure full
horizontal integration of services of one of the parties from initial design to
nancing and provision of services such as nal operation of the investment
object and its maintenance.
Horizontal integration of services allows optimizing the incentive,
which is based on the achievement of certain technical indicators for the
eective transfer of risk to the private party. And also to coordinate such
activities by private companies at a lower price than the price oered by the
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 40 Nº 72 (2022): 368-384
public partner. Private partners are better prepared to respond to economic
challenges and risks. However, such integration and provision of services
complicates the implementation of the investment project in terms of
attracting investment resources on the basis of public-private partnership
in the context of digitalization.
Conclusion
These conditions, which must be taken into account when attracting
investment resources in a public-private partnership in the context of
digitalization, help reduce the risk of attracting investment resources.
Such prerequisites include: a clear legal basis; establishing long-term
cooperation between private and public partners; transfer of risks to the
partner; the possibility of nancing the repayment of debt obligations by a
private partner; obtaining protability by attracting investment resources
using public-private partnerships; approach to investment projects, which
is based on the life cycle and productivity of the object of investment
resources; taking into account the scope and complexity of the contract
structure for horizontal integration of services.
The scientic novelty of the above study is to substantiate the principles
of public-private partnership in the management of investment processes
in the context of digitalization, which provides ways to eliminate obstacles
to the use of public-private partnership at the macro and micro levels
in digitalization and compliance with basic conditions when attracting
investment resources in terms of public-private partnership in terms of
digitalization.
The above will increase the eciency of investment facilities, reduce
government spending on services, including socially necessary, increase
employment, develop forms of project nancing, establish a constructive
dialogue between the public partner and business, and ensure the solution
of economic, social and environmental issues.
Further research requires issues of increasing the interest of public and
private partnerships and intensication of investment processes in the
context of digitalization.
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