Effect of protein sources on the antioxidant metabolism of visceral organs of Morkaraman lambs

• Mazhar Burak Can Bayburt Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Health Breeding and Aquaculture Branch Directorate. Bayburt, Türkiye
• Aybuke İmik Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. Konya, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34434

Keywords: Antioxidant, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase

Abstract

The selection of protein sources plays a significant role in meeting the dietary requirements of animals and addressing specific nutritional needs. This study was designed to determine the effects of different protein sources incorporated into lamb diets on the antioxidant metabolism of the lung, heart and kidney tissues by means of the measurement of GSH and LPO levels and SOD, CAT and GPx activities. For this purpose, 24 male Morkaraman lambs were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each of 8 animals. The dietary protein sources provided to the animals were soybean meal + safflower meal in the control group (SSG), wheat gluten in the wheat group (WG), and corn gluten in the corn group (CG). The diets fed to each group were formulated to be isonitrogenous (17% crude protein/CP) and isocaloric (2700 kcal·kg^-1 ME). In the lambs fed on the diet supplemented with wheat gluten, it was determined that SOD activity in the lung (P<0.05) and heart (P<0.01) tissues, CAT activity in the lung and heart tissues (P<0.01), and GPx activity in the kidney and heart tissues (P<0.01) had significantly increased. In the lambs fed on the diet supplemented with corn gluten, statistically significant increases were detected in the SOD activity of the lung (P<0.05) and heart (P<0.01) tissues, CAT activity of the lung, heart and kidney tissues (P<0.01, P<0.05), and GPx activity of the kidney and heart tissues (P<0.01, P<0.05). The lambs fed on the gluten–supplemented diets presented with statistically significant decreases in the LPO levels of the lung tissue (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the GSH levels of the lung, heart and kidney tissues (P<0.01). In result, it was ascertained that, when fed on diets supplemented with wheat gluten and corn gluten, the antioxidant metabolism of the lung, heart and kidney tissues were significantly affected in lambs.

References

Puppel K, Kapusta A, Kuczyńska B. The etiology of oxidative stress in the various species of animals, a review. J. Sci. Food. Agric. [Internet]. 2015; 95(11):2179–2184. doi: https://doi.org/f7jdnq

Halliwell B. Antioxidant defence mechanism: from the beginning to the end (of the beginning). Free Radic. Res. [Internet]. 1999; 31(4):261–272. doi: https://doi.org/dhq3mn

López–Alarcón C, Denicola A. Evaluating the antioxidant capacity of natural products: A review on chemical and cellular–based assays. Anal. Chim. Acta. [Internet]. 2013; 763:1–10. doi: https://doi.org/f4njsc

Banaszkiewicz T. Nutritional Value of Soybean Meal. In: El–Shemy H, editor. Soybean and Nutrition [Internet]. London: IntechOpen Limited; 2011. p. 1-20. doi: https://doi.org/m8q4

Silva–de Oliviera F, Perrone D. Characterization and stability of bioactive compounds from soybean meal. LWT Food Sci. Technol. [Internet]. 2015; 63(2):992–1000. doi: https://doi.org/mkgh

Singh P, Krishnaswamy K. Sustainable zero–waste processing system for soybeans and soy by–product valorization. Trends Food Sci. Technol. [Internet]. 2022; 128(10):331–344. doi: https://doi.org/grrg44

Zhang R, Ma S, Li L, Zhang M, Tian S, Wang D, Liu K, Liu H, Zhu W, Wang X. Comprehensive utilization of corn starch processing by–products: A review. Grain Oil Sci. Technol. [Internet]. 2021; 4(3):89–107. doi: https://doi.org/gn6n7q

Li G, Liu W, Wang Y, Jia F, Wang Y, Ma Y, Gu R, Lu J. Functions and applications of bioactive peptides from corn gluten meal. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. [Internet]. 2019; 87:1–41. doi: https://doi.org/mkgf

Li XX, Han LJ, Chen, LJ. In vitro antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from corn gluten meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. [Internet]. 2008; 88(9):1660–1666. doi: https://doi.org/fstq9s

Wang Y, Chen H, Wang X, Li S, Chen Z, Wang J, Liu, W. Isolation and identification of a novel peptide from zein with antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Food Func. [Internet]. 2015; 6(12):3799–3806. doi: https://doi.org/gjvsf4

Yang Y, Tao G, Liu P, Liu JIA. Peptide with angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitory activity from hydrolyzed corn gluten meal. J. Agric. Food Chem. [Internet]. 2007; 55(19):7891–7895. doi: https://doi.org/fmzwxt

Apper–Bossard E, Feneuil A, Wagner A, Respondek F. Use of vital wheat gluten in aquaculture feeds. Aquatic Biosyst. [Internet]. 2013; 9(1):21. doi: https://doi.org/gcbmcp

Ooms N, Delcour JA. How to impact gluten protein network formation during wheat flour dough making. Curr. Opin. Food Sci. [Internet]. 2019; 25:88–97. doi: https://doi.org/gsbdg8

Day L, Augustin MA, Batey IL, Wrigley CW. Wheat–gluten uses and industry needs. Trends Food Sci. Technol. [Internet]. 2006; 17(2):82–90. doi: https://doi.org/ckctn2

Gümüş R, Terim Kapakin KA, Manavoğlu Kirman E, Bolat İ, İmik A, Ercan N. The effect of adding wheat and corn gluten to the diet of rats on the autoimmune and histopathological parameters in the intestine and liver. Rev. Cient. FCV–LUZ. [Internet]. 2024; 34(1):1–9. doi: https://doi.org/mpwq

Gümüş R, Uslu S, Aydoğdu U, İmik A, Ekici M. Investigation of the effects of glutens on serum interleukin–1 beta and tumor necrosis factor–alpha levels and the immunohistochemical distribution of CD3 and CD8 receptors in the small intestine in male rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. [Internet]. 2021; 64(25):e21210256. doi: https://doi.org/mjtc

Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal. Biochem. [Internet]. 1966; 16(2):359–364. doi: https://doi.org/b96rpj

Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium–deficient rat liver. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. [Internet]. 1976; 71(4):952–958. doi: https://doi.org/d3vv59

Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, protein–bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Anal. Biochem. 1968; 25(1):192–205. doi: https://doi.org/csbsfm

Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin. Chem. [Internet]. 1988; 34(3):497–500. doi: https://doi.org/gj74fn

Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. [Internet]. 1984; 105:121–126. doi: https://doi.org/dnf7v9

IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk (NY, USA): IBM Corp. 2011

Boye J, Wijesinha–Bettoni R, Burlingame B. Protein quality evaluation twenty years after the introduction of the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score method. Br. J. Nutr. [Internet]. 2012; 108(S2):S183–S211. doi: https://doi.org/gk6jhk

Bratovcic A. Antioxidant enzymes and their role in preventing cell damage. Acta Sci. Nutr. Health. [Internet]. 2020; 4(3):01–07. doi: https://doi.org/mpwc

Gümüș R, Erol HS, Imik H, Halici M. The effects of the supplementation of lamb rations with oregano essential oil on the performance, some blood parameters and antioxidant metabolism in meat and liver tissues. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. [Internet]. 2017; 23(3):395–401. doi: https://doi.org/mp4r

Marrocco I, Altieri F, Peluso I. Measurement and clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. [Internet]. 2017; 6501046. doi: https://doi.org/gmpjns

Sen S, Chakraborty R. The role of antioxidants in human health. In: Andreescu S, Hepel M, editors. Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy [Internet]. Washington (DC, USA): American Chemical Society; 2011. p. 1–37. (ACS Symposium Series). doi: https://doi.org/c988zc

Gümüş R, Kara A, Özkanlar S, İmik H, Celep NA. Effects of dietary thyme and rosemary essential oils on biochemical parameters, anti–oxidant metabolism, small intestinal morphology and myofiber structure of superficial pectoral and biceps femoris muscles in broilers. Vet. Res. Forum. [Internet]. 2023; 14(5):249–257. doi: https://doi.org/mp4q

Jiang X, Liu X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhao HB, Zhang YG. Growth, rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites of Holstein male calves fed fermented corn gluten meal during the postweaning stage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. [Internet]. 2019; 249:1–9. doi: https://doi.org/mkgc

Fang J, Martínez Y, Deng C, Zhu D, Peng H, Jiang H, Li A. Effects of dietary enzymolysis products of wheat gluten on the growth performance, serum biochemical, immune, and antioxidant status of broilers. Food Agric. Immunol. [Internet]. 2017; 28(6):1155–1167. doi: https://doi.org/mkf9

Han F, Wang Y, Wang W, Cheng F, Lu Z, Li A, Xue X, Zeng Q, Wang J. Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune function in weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2017; 97(4):574–580. doi: https://doi.org/mkgb

Gao F, Kinnula VL, Myllärniemi M, Oury TD. Extracellular superoxide dismutase in pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. [Internet]. 2008; 10(2):343–354. doi: https://doi.org/b6tn3x

Ścibior D, Czechot H. [Catalase: Structure, Properties, Functions]. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw. [Internet]. 2006 [cited 20 Feb 2024]; 60:170–180. Polish. Available in: https://goo.su/ERAiXA PubMed PMID: 16618987.

Rahal A, Kumar A, Singh V, Yadav B, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Dhama K. Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BioMed Res. Int. [Internet]. 2014; 761264. doi: https://doi.org/gbfz3r

Sies, H. Role of metabolic H2O2 generation: redox signaling and oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. [Internet]. 2014; 289(13):8735–8741. doi: https://doi.org/f53mvd

Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, Yeskaliyeva B, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, Calina D, Sharifi–Rad J. Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: Potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Front. Chem. [Internet]. 2023; 11:1158198. doi: https://doi.org/mpwj

Welker T, Congleton J. Effect of dietary α‐tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub‐yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum). J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. [Internet]. 2009; 93(1):15–25. doi: https://doi.org/bbd5sg

Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins III JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. [Internet]. 2003; 17(1):24–38. doi: https://doi.org/bw9t4d

Liao R, Hua Y, Liu G, Zhang S, Chang W, Liu W, Lin CH, Huang XY, Cai H. Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance, gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. [Internet]. 2018; 102(2):e849–e855. doi: https://doi.org/mp4p

Kalinina E, Chernov N, Novichkova M. Role of glutathione, glutathione transferase, and glutaredoxin in regulation of redox–dependent processes. Biochemistry. [Internet]. 2014; 79(13):1562–1583. doi: https://doi.org/f69ztq

Townsend DM, Tew KD, Tapiero H. The importance of glutathione in human disease. Biomed. Pharmacother. [Internet]. 2003; 57(3–4):145–155. doi: https://doi.org/fwwd74

Aoyama, K. Glutathione in the Brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci. [Internet]. 2021; 22(9):5010. doi: https://doi.org/gn2mhk

Marí M, Morales A, Colell A, García–Ruiz C, Fernández–Checa JC. Mitochondrial glutathione, a key survival antioxidant. Antioxid. Redox Signal. [Internet]. 2009; 11(11):2685–2700. doi: https://doi.org/cqfv8t

Aksoy Y. [The Role of Glutathione in Antioxidant Mechanism][Internet]. Türkiye Klinikleri J. Med. Sci. 2002 [cited 25 Feb 2024]; 22(4):442–448. Turkish. Available in: https://goo.su/PT9Jued

Ölmez M, Riaz R, Karadağoğlu Ö, Şahin T, Şerbetçi İ, Yılmaz B, Uysal S, Yörük MA. Effect of SOD–Rich Melon Supplement on Performance, Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant and Meat Quality Characteristics of Tuj Lambs. Agriculture. [Internet]. 2023; 13(3):625. doi: https://doi.org/mkgg