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_________________________ Revista Cientíca, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIII, Supl. Esp., 60 - 61, 2023, https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-wbc006
OUR EXPERIENCE OF BUFFALO IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA: LAST 50
YEARS JOURNEY
Nuestra experiencia de mejora del búfalo en India: viaje de los últimos 50 años
T. K. Datta
Director, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar – 125001 (Haryana), India
*Corresponding e-mail: T.K. Datta (director.cirb@icar.gov.in; tirthadatta@gmail.com).
of superior germplasm, developing improved feeding modules
for ecient production while reducing the methane emission
and capacity enhancement of bualo farmers, young entrepre-
neurs, and researchers. Alongside the dairy sector, bualoes
have a signicant role in India’s meat production and export
system. Total Bualo meat production in the country is 1584.65
thousand Tonnes, which is being exported to more than 70
countries in the world. Though there are particular challenges
for the overall development of bualo production in India, the
present-day progress and the future opportunities for scientic
interventions through collaborative eorts have the potential to
open new avenues for bualo development and make this spe-
cies the most economical food animal.
Keywords: Murrah, genetic improvement, bualoes, milk, In-
dia.
RESUMEN
El hombre siempre ha estado buscando un Elixir que lo libere
de todo sufrimiento. Aunque no están seguros de la existencia
de tal elixir, las antiguas escrituras de la India lo han identica-
do como “Leche”. La historia de la India como mayor productor
de leche está llena de acontecimientos. Hubo una fase en la
que la producción de leche del país alcanzó un mínimo históri-
co, apenas 17 millones de toneladas en 1950. En 1970, con la
Operación Flood bajo el liderazgo de Verghese Kurien, la India
se embarcó en un viaje para crear historia replicando las coo-
perativas lácteas, marcando el comienzo de una transforma-
ción en el sector conocida popularmente como la ‘revolución
blanca’. En 2022, India produjo un récord de 221 toneladas de
leche. En la India, el 31,58% de la producción total de leche la
aportan los búfalos nativos (caracterizados), y los búfalos sin
caracterizar contribuyen al 13,49% de la producción total de
leche del país, lo que hace un total del 45,07% solo de búfa-
los. Está bien documentado que los búfalos son productores
ecientes de leche y el animal preferido sobre el ganado en
ABSTRACT
Man has always been searching for an Elixir to free him from all
suering. Though unsure of the existence of such an elixir, In-
dia’s ancient scriptures have identied it as ‘Milk’. India’s story
as the largest producer of milk is eventful. There was a phase
when the country’s milk production hit an all-time low, a mere
17 million Tonnes (mT) in 1950. In 1970, with Operation Flood
under the leadership of Verghese Kurien, India embarked on a
journey to create history by replicating the dairy cooperatives,
ushering in a transformation in the sector popularly known
as the ‘white revolution.’ In 2022, India produced a record of
221 mT of milk. In India, 31.58% of the total milk production
is contributed by Indigenous Bualoes, and non-descript buf-
faloes contribute to 13.49% of the total milk production in the
country, making it a total of 45.07% by bualoes alone. It is
well documented that bualoes are ecient milk producers
and the most preferred animal over cattle in many parts of the
country owing to their superior quality of milk, disease resis-
tance, longer productive life, and higher milk productivity. India
holds the world’s largest bualo population, with 109.85 million
headcounts, constituting 20.45% of the livestock population. In-
dia has a rich genetic diversity of bualoes with 20 registered
breeds, with Murrah as the most prominent breed (42% of the
total bualo population). However, it faces challenges concern-
ing low articial insemination (AI) coverage (~40% of breed-
able females), demand gap of frozen semen doses, realized
genetic gain, scarce fodder availability, and market linkages.
With the small-holder farming system ( ≤ 10 cows & bualoes/
unit) being the most popular in India, the joint eorts by the
Government of India, ICAR institutes such as CIRB, National
Dairy institutes, and various research organizations have led to
the science-driven transformation of the dairy sector. Research
at ICAR-CIRB continuously emphasizes essential dimensions
like genetic improvement of prominent breeds of bualo, dis-
semination of high genetic merit germplasm to farmers, use of
advanced reproduction biotechnologies for faster multiplication