https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34458
Received: 27/05/2024 Accepted: 16/07/2024 Published: 06/10/2024
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Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34458
ABSTRACT
The Ilısu Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP), situated on the Tigris river
in Türkiye, began lling and forming a reservoir in 2021. In addition,
there are plans for the construction of the upcoming Cizre HEPP. This
situation has the potential to signicantly impact the bio–ecology
of sh species in the area. The research aimed to determine the
length–weight relationships (LWR) and condition factors of thirteen
sh species in the Tigris River: Arabibarbus grypus, Acanthobrama
marmid, Alburnus sellal, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinion kais, Cyprinion
macrostomus, Chondrostoma regium, Paracapoeta trutta, Capoeta
umbla, Garra rufa, Squalius lepidus, Luciobarbus esocinus and
Luciobarbus mystaceus, where Ilisu and Cizre dams reservoir will be
formed. Length–weight relationships (LWRs) were determined using
the formula W = aL
b
, where W represents weight and L represents
length. Three types of lengths were considered: total length, fork
length, and standard length. The exponent values (b) varied across the
species, ranging from 2.7875 for Acanthobrama marmid to 3.2214 for
Carassius gibelio. The relationships between length and weight were
found to be highly signicant, as indicated by the R
2
values, which were
all greater than 0.80, except for Alburnus sellal and Garra rufa, which
had lower values below 0.80. The condition factors were calculated
using Fulton’s condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn).
In all species, except for Arabibarbus grypus and Chondrostoma
regium, the condition factors were greater than 1 (K>1). However, for
Capoeta umbla and Garra rufa, the relative condition factor (Kn) was
less than 1 (Kn<1).
Key words: allometry; freshwater sh; growth curve; isometry;
reservoirs
RESUMEN
La Central Hidroeléctrica de IIlsu situada en el río Tigris en Turquía,
comenzó a llenarse y formar un embalse en 2021. Además, hay planes
para la construcción una próxima central hidroeléctrica en Cizre.
Esta situación tiene el potencial de impactar signicativamente la
bioecología de las especies de peces en el área. La investigación
tuvo como objetivo determinar las relaciones longitud–peso (LWR) y
los factores de condición en trece especies de peces en el río Tigris:
Arabibarbus grypus, Acanthobrama marmid, Alburnus sellal, Carassius
gibelio, Cyprinion kais, Cyprinion macrostomus, Chondrostoma regium,
Paracapoeta trutta, Capoeta umbla, Garra rufa, Squalius lepidus,
Luciobarbus esocinus y Luciobarbus mystaceus, donde se formarán
los embalses de las represas Ilısu y Cizre. Las relaciones longitud–peso
(LWR, por sus siglas en inglés) se determinaron utilizando la fórmula
W = aL
b
, donde W representa el peso y L representa la longitud. Se
consideraron tres tipos de longitudes: longitud total, longitud a la
horquilla y longitud estándar. Los valores del exponente (b) variaron
entre las especies, desde 2,7875 para Acanthobrama marmid hasta
3,2214 para Carassius gibelio. Las relaciones entre la longitud y el
peso fueron altamente signicativas, como lo indican los valores de
R
2
, que fueron todos mayores de 0,80, excepto para Alburnus sellal
y Garra rufa, que tuvieron valores inferiores a 0,80. Los factores de
condición se calcularon usando el factor de condición de Fulton (K) y
el factor de condición relativa (Kn). En todas las especies, excepto en
Arabibarbus grypus y Chondrostoma regium, los factores de condición
fueron mayores de 1 (K>1). Sin embargo, para Capoeta umbla y Garra
rufa, el factor de condición relativa (Kn) fue inferior a 1 (Kn<1).
Palabras clave: alometría; peces de agua dulce; isometría; curva
de crecimiento; embalses
Length–weight relationship and condition factor of thirteen sh species in
the Tigris river before the construction of Ilisu and Cizre dams, Türkiye
Relación longitud–peso y factor de condición de trece especies de peces en el
río Tigris antes de la construcción de las presas de Ilisu y Cizre, Turquía
Serbest Bilici
Şırnak University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science. Şırnak, Türkiye.
*Corresponding Author: serbestbilici@hotmail.com.tr, serbestbilici@gmail.com
FIGURE 1. Map of the study area which samples collected
The length-weight relationship and condition factor of thirteen fish species / Bilici ________________________________________________
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INTRODUCTION
Length–weight regressions and condition factors are valuable tools
in sheries science. They estimate the weight or length of individual
sh, compare conditions between sh populations, and monitor
overall sh population health [1].
These tools are instrumental in assessing stocks and estimating
biomass and are particularly useful in understanding food availability
and population growth. Seasonal and annual variations in the
average condition of each population offer valuable insights into
the population’s overall health [2, 3].
The Tigris river is of great signicance as one of the major rivers in
the Middle East. It originates in the southeastern mountains of Turkey,
ows south through Iraq, and eventually empties into the Persian
Gulf via the Shatt Al–Arab waterway [4]. The Tigris River Basin is
undergoing signicant development, with plans for the construction
of eight dams and eight hydroelectric power plants. These projects
aim to fulll various purposes such as water supply, irrigation, and
hydropower [5]. Notably, the Ilisu dam, one of the largest on the Tigris
River, is nearing completion.
Although dams bring certain benets, it is crucial to acknowledge
the negative environmental impacts associated with reservoir
creation [6]. Dams have been known to have signicant effects on
sh populations, including the transformation of owing habitats
into stagnant ones, obstruction of sh migration, and alterations
in downstream ows, water quality, and habitat [7]. As a result,
these factors can greatly affect the growth and reproduction of sh
species [6, 7].
Considering the potential consequences of dam construction, it
is essential to examine the biological characteristics of sh in lotic
systems before implementing such projects. This research will provide
valuable insights into the level of impact on sh species, aiding in
future planning and monitoring efforts.
According to research conducted by [4], the Turkish region of the
Tigris river basin is home to a diverse range of sh species, at least
46 in total including both natural and exotic/invasive species. In the
current investigation, thirteen native sh species from the Tigris river
were specically studied. Some of these sh species play a vital role
in the lives of rural communities, as they provide nutrition and serve
as a source of livelihood and income for many local shermen [5].
Numerous studies have examined the biological characteristics
of sh species in the upper region of the Tigris River in Turkey, as
documented by [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. However, there is a lack of research
specically focused on the Ilisu and Cizre dam reservoir area. The
objective is to determine the length–weight relationships for selected
species and gain insights into their condition factors. Therefore,
determining the basic information on the biological characteristics
of sh species before the formation of the reservoir is essential, as
it will provide a solid foundation for future studies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The length–weight relationships and condition factor of 13
species belonging to Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae families were
examined. These species include Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843),
Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843, Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843,
Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843, Cyprinion
macrostomus Heckel, 1843, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843),
Paracapoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843),
Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843, Luciobarbus
esocinus Heckel, 1843 and Luciobarbus mystaceus (Pallas, 1814).
Fish samples were collected monthly from the Tigris river,
specically from the region between the Ilisu Dam (37°31′27′′N
| 41°50′48′′E, altitude 409 masl) and Cizre town a (37°19′12′′N |
42°12′56′′E, altitude 367 masl) (FIG.1). The sampling period extended
from January 2021 to December 2021.
During the study period, a total of 1784 fish specimens were
captured using various types of gill nets with mesh sizes ranging
from 18 to 60 mm. Afterwards, the sh were identied and their
total, fork, and standard lengths were measured up to 1 mm using an
ichthyometer.Body weight was determined using a digital balance
(Mettler Toledo ML6001T, Switzerland), with an accuracy of 0.1 g.
To establish the length–weight relationship, the growth formula
proposed by [1, 14] was used. The formula is represented as W = aL
b
,
where W represents the body weight of the sh, L denotes the total,
fork, or standard lengths, a represents the intercept of the regression
curve, and b represents the regression coecient. To simplify the
analysis, the equation was transformed into a logarithmic form as
suggested by [14], resulting in Log W = Log a + b×Log L.
Published length–weight relationships can sometimes be challenging
to apply due to variations in length measurement types. Therefore,
separate length–weight relationships were calculated based on the total
(TL), fork (FL), and standard (SL) lengths. The regression coecient (b
value) for each species was tested using a t–test at the 0.05 signicance
level to determine if it signicantly differed from 3 [15].
The condition factor, also known as the Fulton factor (K), was
estimated for each species using the equation K = (W·L
-3
) × 100, where
W represents the body weight in grams and L represents the fork
length in millimeters [16, 17]. Additionally, the relative condition factor
(Kn) was calculated using the equation Kn = W/W’, where W is the
actual body weight in grams and W’ is the calculated weight derived
from the length–weight relationship.
TABLE I
Descriptive statistics and length–weight relationship parameters for 13 selected sh species of
the Tigris River, southeast Türkiye, from January 2021 to December 2021
Family/Species N Length
Mean length ± SD
(Min–Max) (mm)
Mean weight ± SD
(Min–Max) (g)
Log a a b R
2
*
SE of b
(95% CI of b)
Growth
type
Leuciscidae
Acanthobrama marmid
145
TL 144.7 ± 14.17 (109–178)
28.3 ± 8.231
(10.9–55.5)
-4.5826 0.0000261 2.7875 0.8236 0.1097 (2.57–3.00)
-A
FL 129.4 ± 13.10 (97–160) -4.2755 0.0000530 2.7062 0.8096 0.1097 (2.49–2.92)
SL 118.7 ± 12.04 (88–148) -4.2034 0.0000626 2.7203 0.8301 0.1029 (2.52–2.92)
Alburnus sellal 106
TL 180.1 ± 13.6 (145–212)
46.1 ± 12.6
(20–83)
-5.4303 0.0000037 3.1394 0.7489 0.1783 (2.78–3.49)
+AFL 163.5 ± 12.5 (133–195) -5.3673 0.0000043 3.1708 0.7801 0.1651 (2.84–3.50)
SL 153.0 ± 12.1 (124–180) -5.0678 0.0000086 3.0752 0.77834 0.1586 (2.76–3.39)
Chondrostoma regium 279
TL 211.4 ± 24.0 (155–328)
66.2 ± 27.7
(20–225)
-5.4308 0.0000037 3.1096 0.8982 0.063 (2.99–3.23)
IFL 193.3 ± 22.5 (143–305) -5.1126 0.0000077 3.0233 0.8912 0.063 (2.90–3.15)
SL 178.7 ± 21.1 (130–280) -4.9500 0.0000112 2.9970 0.9019 0.059 (2.88–3.11)
Squalius lepidus
14
TL 227.0 ± 63.0 (146–303)
165.6 ± 111.3
(38–348)
-4.5249 0.0000299 2.8295 0.9799 0.117 (2.57–3.09)
-AFL 208.5 ± 61.6 (126–282) -3.9283 0.0001180 2.6187 0.9760 0.119 (2.36–2.88)
SL 181.0 ± 53.0 (112–244) -3.8263 0.0001492 2.6445 0.9731 0.127 (2.37–2.92)
Cyprinidae
Arabibarbus grypus
27
TL 539 ± 240.4 (215–1077)
1446 ± 1760
(63.3–7960)
-4.8696 0.0000135 2.8673 0.9917 0.052285 (2.76–2.98)
-AFL 498.5 ± 226.1 (195–997) -4.5680 0.0000270 2.7926 0.9904 0.05494 (2.68–2.91)
SL 460.3 ± 205.9 (180–920) -4.6316 0.0000234 2.8519 0.9912 0.05372 (2.74–2.96)
Paracapoeta trutta 404
TL 212.7 ± 40.2 (113–355)
94.4 ± 60.3
(14–395)
-5.4195 0.0000038 3.1529 0.9501 0.036 (3.08–3.22)
+AFL 189.6 ± 36.1 (100–317) -5.2075 0.0000062 3.1288 0.9478 0.037 (3.08–3.20)
SL 176.5 ± 34.3 (93–298) -4.9642 0.0000109 3.0643 0.9490 0.035 (2.99–3.13)
Capoeta umbla 105
TL 320.6 ± 60.9 (165–483)
283.4 ± 164.4
(38–857)
-4.9795 0.0000105 2.9460 0.9496 0.067 (2.81–3.08)
-AFL 291.2 ± 56.1 (150–438) -4.7690 0.0000170 2.9108 0.9417 0.071 (2.77–3.05)
SL 267.8 ± 52.7 (140–405) -4.4856 0.0000327 2.8377 0.9281 0.078 (2.68–2.99)
Carassius gibelio 169
TL 167.0 ± 33.5 (100–235)
77 ± 46
(11–200)
-5.3313 0.0000047 3.2214 0.9662 0.0466 (3.29–3.31)
+AFL 152.5 ± 30.0 (90–220) -5.3962 0.0000040 3.3090 0.9697 0.0453 (3.22–3.21)
SL 134.2 ± 27.5 (80–190) -4.8944 0.0000128 3.1601 0.9691 0.0437 (3.07–3.25)
Cyprinion kais 141
TL 144.9 ± 17.3 (79–187)
31.3 ± 12.6
(11–76)
-5.1116 0.0000077 3.0467 0.8657 0.1065 (2.83–3.26)
IFL 126.1 ± 15.1 (67–163) -4.8776 0.0000133 3.0229 0.8432 0.1157 (2.79–3.25)
SL 116.3 ± 12.6 (60–148) -4.6001 0.0000251 2.9400 0.8580 0.1061 (2.72–3.15)
Cyprinion macrostomus 302
TL 169.9 ± 27.6 (95–267)
54.2 ± 31.3
(6–222)
-5.2977 0.0000050 3.1340 0.9578 0.038 (3.06–3.21)
+AFL 147.3 ± 24.1 (85–230) -5.1175 0.0000076 3.1413 0.9527 0.040 (3.06–3.22)
SL 136.1 ± 22.6 (75–215) -4.9190 0.0000121 3.0990 0.9614 0.036 (3.03–3.17)
Garra rufa 29
TL 168.0 ± 13.2 (142–193)
52.1 ± 13.3
(29–75)
-4.6357 0.0000231 2.8503 0.7653 0.303 (2.22–3.42)
-AFL 153.1 ± 12.1 (128–175) -4.3961 0.0000402 2.7934 0.7553 0.305 (2.17–3.42)
SL 140.1 ± 11.4 (116–163) -4.1872 0.0000650 2.7460 0.7632 0.294 (2.14–3.35)
Luciobarbus esocinus 5
TL 377.3 ± 124.7 (273–580)
627.3 ± 650
(196–2000)
-4.633 0.0000233 2.8410 0.9830 0.152 (2.47–3.21)
-AFL 262.8 ± 16.6 (245–279) -4.035 0.0000923 2.6500 0.9870 0.125 (2.35–2.96)
SL 241.6 ± 13.0 (226–256) -3.846 0.0001426 2.6110 0.9740 0.172 (2.19–3.03)
Luciobarbus mystaceus
58
TL 433.7 ± 64.3 (295–570)
198.3 ± 94.5
(45–440)
-5.1178 0.0000076 3.0165 0.9800 0.058 (2.90–3.13)
I
FL 388.0 ± 57.4 (263–513) -4.9368 0.0000116 3.0071 0.9708 0.069 (2.87–3.15)
SL 361.9 ± 54.7 (244–473) -4.6752 0.0000211 2.9355 0.9765 0.061 (2.81–3.06)
Sample size (N); standard deviation (SD), coecient of determination (R
2
); standard error of b (SE); condence interval (CI); length–weight parameters (a–intercept and
b–slope); type of growth (I– isometry, +A positive allometry, -A negative allometry); Min. and Max. minimum and maximum values of lengths in mm and weights in g
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The length–weight relationships and condition factor of the
examined species were analyzed separately for male, female, and
combined sexes. The results, including the estimated parameters a, b,
R
2
, and condence intervals for a and b are presented in TABLEI. This
study provides the rst information on the length–weight relationships
for the species S. lepidus.
The sample sizes varied, with the smallest being 8 specimens for
L. esocinus and the largest being 404 specimens for P. trutta.
FIGURE 2. Distribution of b values of the length–weight relationships of 13
selected sh species of the Tigris River, southeast Türkiye
The length-weight relationship and condition factor of thirteen fish species / Bilici ________________________________________________
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The samples in the study exhibited a wide range of average total
lengths, varying from 79 to 1077 mm. Fork lengths ranged from 75
to 1000 mm, while standard lengths ranged from 70 to 950 mm.
Additionally, the total weight of the samples ranged from 10.9 to
7,960 g. The exponent b values for the length–weight relationships
ranged from 2.7875 (A. marmid) to 3.2214 (C. gibelio) for total length,
from 2.6187 (A. marmid) to 3.309 (C. gibelio) for fork length, and
from 2.7875 (A. marmid) to 3.15 (C. gibelio) for standard length. The
distribution of b exponents of the length–weight relationship for the
13 species examined in this study is given in FIG. 2. The coecients of
determination (R
2
) for the regressions ranged from 0.7489 to 0.9970,
and all were statistically signicant (P<0.01).
G. rufa had a b value of 2.8503, differing from the 2.989 reported
in the Merzimen stream by Uçkun and Gökçe [17], with similar
results found in Iranian rivers [29, 30]. A. grypus showed a b value of
2.8673, consistent with values observed in Turkish and Iranian rivers,
indicating its preference in the Tigris River, as supported by other
studies [31, 32, 33, 34]. C. macrostomus displayed a b value of 3.1340,
contrasting with lower values from the Karakaya Dam Lake [35] and
higher values from the Gamasiab River [36]. C. kais showed a b value
of 3.0467, similar to results from the Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey) [35],
while a higher value of 3.44 was recorded in the Gamasiab River (Iran)
[36]. P. trutta showed a b value of 3.1529 with variations from 2.79
to 3.335 in other populations [8, 20, 37]. Capoeta umbla exhibited a
b value of 2.9460 in this study, consistent with ndings from other
studies [38, 39]. L. mystaceus had a b value of 3.0165, compatible
with the population in the Atatürk Dam Lake [40]. Lastly, L. esocinus
showed a b value of 2.841 in this study, with variations from 2.871 to
3.2187 in other populations [32, 41, 42, 43, 44].
Studies on fishes showed that the b value does not only vary
between species, but also shows differences in sex and dietary habits
of the same species. Many more factors may affect the length–weight
relationship in sh, genetic and environmental, including growth
phase, season, gonad maturity, size range, health and general sh
condition and preservation techniques [16, 45]. These factors have
not been considered in this study.
Mean condition factor of sh studied in the present study ranged
between 0.7751 (A. grypus) and 1.5517 (C. macrostomus) (TABLE II).
The values of Fulton’s condition factor for most sh species were
being >1 indicate that growth of these species were perfect condition
whereas A. grypus and C. regium were being <1. Although Froese [46]
has reported that small specimens have a higher condition factor
than large specimens. All these species the smallest and the largest
individuals appeared to have a higher condition factor, suggesting that
the data are not independent but may be inuenced by physiological
conditions of sh [18, 47, 48].
In sh, the factor of condition (K) reects, through its variations,
information on the physiological state of the sh in relation to its welfare,
age and reproductive stages the species as well as environmental
conditions such as temperature, salinity and seasonality [11, 25, 47].
Average relative condition factor (K
n
) were calculated as >1 in all
species except for C. umbla and G. rufa as Kn<1. Mean K
n
was lowest
in G. rufa (0.7787–1.2051) and highest in P. trutta (1.0090 ± 0.1299).
Monthly uctuations in condition factor (K) of thirteen sh from
the Tigris River are presented in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The condition factor ranged from 0.85 to 1.96 in winter, 0.85 to
1.84 in spring, 0.69 to 1.78 in summer, and 0.85 to 1.97 in autumn. In
the majority of the studied species, the condition factor was found
to be higher during the summer and autumn seasons, which aligns
with expectations. However, certain species such as A. grypus, L.
esocinus, C. gibelio, C. regium, and S. lepidus exhibit a high condition
factor during the winter months due to their feeding habits. The
lower values observed during the summer months may be attributed
to their reproductive activity [49, 50]. Factors such as the state of
fullness of the alimentary canal and the presence of parasites can
also inuence the condition factor [45, 47].
Some of the research ndings align with the existing literature
on the condition factor of the sh species under study, while others
do not. These variations are believed to be inuenced by the health
The b value was calculated for sh to determine if their growth
follows an isometric or allometric pattern. If the b value is not
signicantly different from 3.0, it indicates isometric growth. However,
if the b value is less than 3.0, it suggests that weight increases at a
slower rate compared to length (negative allometric growth), while a
value greater than 3.0 suggests that weight increases at a faster rate
(positive allometric growth) [18]. According to TABLE I, out of the 13
species observed, 3 exhibited isometric growth, 6 showed negative
allometric growth, and 4 displayed positive allometric growth.
The study revealed several noteworthy ndings regarding the
b values of various sh species in different locations. A. marmid
exhibited a b value of 2.7875, higher than the 2.678 reported in the
Karakaya Dam Lake by Uçkun and Gökçe [17]. Conversely, samples
from Atatürk Dam Lake and the Tigris River near Diyarbakır showed a
b value exceeding 3 [19]. Similarly, A. sellal and C. regium in this study
had “b” values above 3, consistent with previous research [20, 21, 22,
23, 24]. For C. gibelio, the calculated b value was 3.2214, close to the
range of 2.856 to 3.149 observed in other populations [25, 26, 27, 28].
TABLE II
Sample sizes (N), condition factors (K), and relative condition factors (Kn) of sh
collected from the Tigris River from January 2021 to December 2021
Species N
K K
n
Range Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD
Acanthobrama marmid 145 0.5799–1.6067 1.2836 ± 0.1590 0.4747–1.2661 1.0081 ± 0.1238
Alburnus sellal 106 0.4882–1.2589 1.0326 ± 0.1216 0.4781–1.2129 1.0077 ± 0.1176
Chondrostoma regium 279 0.5977–1.2033 0.8783 ± 0.1024 0.6843–1.3786 1.0068 ± 0.1173
Squalius lepidus 14 1.0798–1.9786 1.5904 ± 0.2729 0.7031–1.2132 1.0078 ± 0.1243
Arabibarbus grypus 27 0.5270–1.0669 0.7751 ± 0.1370 0.7491–1.2654 1.0094 ± 0.1436
Carassius gibelio 169 1.2355–2.9277 1.9036 ± 0.2519 0.6945–1.5595 1.0069 ± 0.1210
Cyprinion kais 141 0.7813–1.9192 1.4611 ± 0.2363 0.5593–1.3320 1.0126 ± 0.1525
Cyprinion macrostomus 302 0.9216–2.5000 1.5517 ± 0.1716 0.6106–1.7094 1.0061 ± 0.1106
Paracapoeta trutta 404 0.3729–2.2625 1.2274 ± 0.1605 0.3105–1.8434 1.0090 ± 0.1299
Capoeta umbla 105 0.7165–1.5009 1.0395 ± 0.1577 0.5582–1.2556 0.8098 ± 0.1292
Garra rufa 29 1.0254–1.7123 1.3786 ± 0.1807 1.0068 ± 0.1173 0.7787–1.2051
Luciobarbus esocinus 5 1.2340–1.4329 1.3314 ± 0.0715 0.9371–1.0857 1.0014 ± 0.0535
Luciobarbus mystaceus 58 0.9301–1.60741 1.2087 ± 0.1335 0.7750–1.3369 1.0059 ± 0.1111
SD: standard deviation
FIGURE 3. Seasonal variation in condition factor (K) of sh collected from the Tigris river during January, 2021 to December, 2021
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FIGURE 4. Seasonal variation in condition factor (K) of sh collected from the Tigris river during January, 2021 to December, 2021
The length-weight relationship and condition factor of thirteen fish species / Bilici ________________________________________________
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status of the sh, its morphology, and the local ecological conditions
of its habitat. The condition factor serves as an indicator of sh health
and provides insights into specic aspects of sh species’ physiology
[26, 27, 37, 51]. Furthermore, a higher condition factor value is directly
associated with better health status in different sh species.
CONCLUSIONS
This study has yielded novel insights into the length–weight
relationship and status of freshwater fish species within the
Tigris River, Türkiye. Given the eventual return of this river system
to a reservoir, it becomes imperative to assess the length–weight
relationship and status of these sh species. Such assessments will
offer a basis for comparison in future endeavors aimed at managing
and conserving these species, as well as others within the basin.
Moreover, enhancing our understanding of sh population dynamics
and ecological interactions will play a pivotal role in advancing sheries
development efforts.
Conict of Interest
The author state that do not have any conicts of interest.
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