https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34375
Received: 07/01/2023 Accepted: 13/02/2024 Published: 12/06/2024
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Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34375
ABSTRACT

Silybum marianum


S. marianum

S. marianum
S. marianum

S. marianum
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










S. marianum

S.
marianum

Key words: Silybum marianum;

RESUMEN

Silybum marianum



S. marianum.


S. marianum
S. marianum

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S.
marianum











S. marianum


S. marianum


Palabras clave  ; Silybum
marianum; 
Pathological and biochemical investigation of the effects of Silybum
marianum against Methomyl damage in broiler liver
Investigación patológica y bioquímica de los efectos de Silybum
marianum contra el daño por metomilo en hígado de pollo
Bahadır Kilinc
1
* , Ertan Oruc
2
1
Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Pathology Laboratory. Ankara, Türkiye.
2
Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Konya, Türkiye.
*Corresponding Author: patbhdr@gmail.com
Methomyl damage in broiler liver / Kilinc and Oruc __________________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION

1






5



7

9








11
S. marianum


S. marianum

15


of S. marianum

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study design
S. marianum


S. marianum 
S. marianum

17


S. marianum




Gallus gallus domesticus








ad libitum

ad libitum


-1
S. marianum
ad libitum


-1
S. marianum
ad libitum.









Histopathological examination




19



et al.









Biochemical Analyzes



TABLE I
Histopathologic scoring
Score Identication
0 No histopathologic ndings were found
1 Histopathologic nding was seen in 1/3 of the section (1–3 microscopic areas).
2 Histopathologic ndings were seen in 2/3 of the section (4–6 microscopic areas).
3 Histopathologic ndings were seen in 3/3 of the section (7–9 microscopic areas).
FIGURE 1. Normal appearance of the liver and abdominal cavity of the control
group (a). Swollen and pale areas (arrow) and enlargement in a liver from the MET
group on day 21( b). Severe proteinaceous uid accumulation in the abdominal
cavity (arrows) of a chicken from the MET group on day 28 (c). Slightly milder
proteinaceous uid accumulation in the abdominal cavity (arrow) in a chicken
of the MET+SMT group on day 21 (d)
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34375














RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Macroscopic and histopathological results





TABLE II
List of commercial kits used for biochemical analyses
Reactive Lot Number Brand
ALT 95827 Improgen, (Türkiye)
AST 954420 Improgen, (Türkiye)
ALP 80051 Improgen, (Türkiye)


















Statistical analysis





P
TABLE III
Kits used for the determination of oxidative stress parameters
Oxidative Stress
Parameter
Commercial Kit Used Brand
SOD
Ransod Test Reagent
(REF:SD125, LOT:514313)
Randox, (England)
GPx
Ransel Test Reagent
(REF:SD125, LOT:514313)
Randox, (England)
MDA
Chicken MDA Elisa Assay Kit
Catalog number E0171Ch
Bioassay Technology
Laboratory (China)
TABLE IV
Macroscopic ndings and number of cases in
the livers of experimental animals
Day Groups Ascites
Liver
Paleness
Crunchy
consistency
Haemorhagie Swelling
7
CONT – – – – –
MET 1 2 – – –
SMT – – – – –
MET+SMT – – – – –
14
CONT – – – – –
MET 4 3 3 3 2
SMT – – – – –
MET+SMT 1 – – – –
21
CONT – – – – –
MET 6 6 6 5 5
SMT – – – – –
MET+SMT 2 2 2 2 2
28
CONT – – – – –
MET 5 5 5 5 5
SMT – – – – –
MET+SMT 3 3 2 3 2
Methomyl damage in broiler liver / Kilinc and Oruc __________________________________________________________________________________

Histopathologic results


 


TABLE V
Scoring of the histopathological ndings in the livers of experimental animals according to groups and days.
Liver
7th day 14th day 21th day 28th day
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
KONT
Hyperemia - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - - - -
Bleeding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fattyness in hepatocytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - -
Focal necrosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dissociation in remark cords - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
MNH inltration in the portal area - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - -
Bile duct hyperplasia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total score 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
SMT
Hyperemia - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - 2 - - -
Bleeding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - -
Fattyness in hepatocytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Focal necrosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dissociation in remark cords - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
MNH inltration in the portal area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Bile duct hyperplasia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total score 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
MET
Hyperemia 2 1 - 3 2 - 1 - 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
Bleeding - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 2 2 - - - 1 1 - 2 3 1 - - 2 1 2 3 2
Hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes 3 - 2 - 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3
Fattyness in hepatocytes - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 1 2 1 - 3 2 - - - 2 2 2 3 2
Focal necrosis - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 - - 2 2 2 2 2
Dissociation in remark cords 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2
2 2 2 3 2
MNH inltration in the portal area - - - - 1 - - - 2 1 - 2 - - 1 - 2 1 - 2 2 - - - 3 1 - 2 3
Bile duct hyperplasia - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 2
Total score 7 3 3 4 5 3 4 3 12 10 4 16 7 3 7 10 18 14 8 20 20 12 7 8 19 15 14 22 18
MET+SMT
Hyperemia - - 2 - 1 1 - 1 2 3 - - 3 2 2 - - 2 1 - - 1 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 1 -
Bleeding - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - -
Hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes 1 1 - 2 1 - - - 1 2 - - 2 2 - - - 1 2 - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 1
Fattyness in hepatocytes - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - -
Focal necrosis - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - -
Dissociation in remark cords - - 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 2 - - 2 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 -
MNH inltration in the portal area - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - - - 3 - - 2 - - - - 1 - - 1 -
Bile duct hyperplasia - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 2 - - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 -
Total score 1 1 3 2 3 2 0 2 7 11 0 0 13 5 3 0 0 5 12 0 0 6 3 2 4 2 6 0 7 6 1
FIGURE 2. Hemorrhage foci (arrows) in a liver in the MET group. H–E. Original
Magnication 200× (a). Mononuclear cell inltration in the portal regions in a
liver section in the MET Group. H–E. Original Magnication 100× (b). Degenerated
and necrotic hepatocytes (arrows) in a liver section in MET Group. H–E. Original
Magnication 100× (c). Focal hepatitis (arrow) in a liver section in the MET–SMT
group. H–E. Original Magnication 400X× (d)
FIGURE 3. Comparison of serum ALP level according to days and groups
FIGURE 4. Comparison of serum ALT level according to days and groups
_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34375
5 of 9

P



P


P

P
Biochemical results


P

P
P

P
P
P


P
P


P
P
P
TABLE VI
Statistical comparison of histopathologic ndings in the liver.
Days
Groups
CONT SMT MET MET+SMT P value
7 0.25 ± 0.25
C
0.25 ± 0.25
C
4.00 ± 0.5
cA
1.75 ± 0.36
B
P<0.001
14 0.37 ± 0.37
B
0.50 ± 0.32
B
8.62 ± 1.51
bcA
4.87 ± 1.80
AB
P<0.001
21 0.62 ± 0.49
B
0.62 ± 0.32
B
13.37 ± 1.93
abA
3.50 ± 1.46
B
P<0.001
28 0.20 ± 0.20
C
0.42 ± 0.29
BC
17.60 ± 1.43
aA
3.71 ± 1.04
B
P<0.001
P value
P>0.05 P>0.05 P<0.001 P>0.05
a,b,c
: dierences in column,
A,B,C
: dierences in row.


P
PP
P

P
P



P
P
P
P
FIGURE 5. Comparison of serum AST level according to days and groups FIGURE 7. Comparison of SOD enzyme activity by days and groups
FIGURE 8. Comparison of MDA levels by days and groups
FIGURE 6. Comparison of GPx enzyme activity by days and groups
Methomyl damage in broiler liver / Kilinc and Oruc __________________________________________________________________________________

P
P


PP

P
P

P

P
P


P
P
P

P


7





et al.















in vivo




_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34375
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





et al. 











et al.











S. marianum



et al. 



et al.


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P
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
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




S. marianum


S. marianum


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et al. 













et al. 
















et al. ]



et al. 


Methomyl damage in broiler liver / Kilinc and Oruc __________________________________________________________________________________

S. marianum



et al.









P


CONCLUSIONS
S. marianum 





Conict of interest

Note



BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
 



 


25
 



 


 



 
 


 




 


 



 



 



 



  




 Silybum marianum
. 


Silybum
marianum

 


 


 



 Sarcina
ventriculi


_____________________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIV, rcfcv-e34375
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 


 



 


 



 




 


 


 



 


 




 


 



 


 






 


 
in vitro


 


 




 















 
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