![](data:image/png;base64,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)
______________________________________________________________________Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIII, rcfcv-e33226, 1 – 10
9 of 10
As observed in literature reports, the body languages of the dogs
cannot be precisely dened in any of the communications tools such
as images, gures or videos. Each emotion of the dogs is expressed
via body language; therefore, the whole-body language of the dogs
should be dened better, especially for each race.
CONCLUSION
Dog owning and raising necessitates economic and emotional
suciency, as well as devotion, knowledge and experience. In the
present study, both the positive conditions concerning dog owning
and raising, and the improper and insucient conditions have been
presented. The most important insuciencies determined in this
study have been listed as follows:
• The time owners spend with their dogs is very limited.
•
Having children was mentioned as an important factor that is
related to the diculties of owning a pet.
•
The rate of previous owning and abandoning a pet is really high.
•
Dog owners punish their dogs at a rate that cannot be
underestimated.
•
More than half of the dog owners are insucient in accurately
determining the gure presented in the visual scale regarding
the body language of the dogs.
Accurate and effective dog owning necessitates understanding
of the emotions, expectations and needs of the dogs at a correct
and high level and leading them. These sensitive, loyal and friendly
animals deserve respect and dog owning should be a positive attempt.
Therefore, the correct dog selection should be made; owners should
have knowledge on the care, feeding, education, health and welfare
of the dogs; the age and physiological needs of the dogs should be
considered independent from the race and with the aim of feeding
of the dogs, a healthy environment should be provided, and actions
should be made accordingly. Additionally, it is important for the
individuals who want to own dogs to have sucient time, energy and
economic situation, and to make decisions accordingly. Institutive
structures should be constructed to orient people about owning a
pet, the needs of the dogs and how to meet these needs, and the
responsibilities to be undertaken.
In conclusion, for a better animal-human relationship and a healthier
sociological environment, people who want to own dogs should be
given basic ability and capability trainings; obligatory home control
visits should be performed to follow-up the health and welfare of the
dogs, and deterrent sanctions should be put into action.
Conıct of ınterest statement
The authors declare there is no conict of interest.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
[1] AKGÜL, A. Pearson chi kare testi. Tıbbi araştırmalarda istatistiksel
analiz teknikleri. 3rd. Ed. Emek Ofset Ltd. Sti, Ankara, Turkey. Pp
560. 2005.
[2] APPLEBAUM, J.W.; TOMLİNSON, C.A.; MATİJCZAK, A.; MCDONALD,
S.E.; ZSEMBİK, B.A. The concerns, diculties, and stressors of
caring for pets during COVID-19: Results from a large survey of U.S.
pet owners. Anim. (Basel). 10(10): 1882. 2020. https://doi.org/hn9h.
[3] BAQUERO, O.S. Dog and Cat Population Management: Quantitative
Methods to Characterize Populations, Identify Priorities and to
Establish Indicators. Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo.
Pp 87. 2015.
[4] BARRERA, G.; JAKOVCEVİK, A.; BENTOSELA, M. Quality of life
in dogs housed in shelters: Interventions to improve their well-
being. Suma Psicol. 15(2): 337–154. 2008.
[5] BLOOM, T.; FRİEDMAN, H. Classifying dogs' (Canis familiaris)
facial expressions from photographs. Behav. Processes. 96:
1–10. 2013. https://doi.org/f429t7.
[6] BLOOM, T.; TREVATHAN-MİNNİS, M.; ATLAS, N.; MACDONALD, D.A.;
FRİEDMAN, H.L. Identifying facial expressions in dogs: A replication
and extension study.Behav. Process. 186: 104371. 2021.
[7] CATALÁN, A.I.; ROJAS, C.A.; CHÁVEZ, G.A. Recognition of
aggressive and anxious behaviors in canines by a group of
Chilean veterinarians. J. Vet. Behav. 38: 8-13. 2020.
[8] CATTET, J. Punishment affects both the dog and the owner.
2013. https://bit.ly/3SJGjfK. 27.08.2022.
[9] CRİSPİN, S. The advisory council on the welfare issues of dog
breeding. Vet. J. 189(2): 129–131. 2011. https://doi.org/fwctxn.
[10] DEMİR, P.;KOÇ, A.U. Pet hayvan (kedi-köpek) sahiplerinin
veteriner kliniklerine ilişkin beklentileri. İstanbul Üniv. Vet. Fak.
Derg. 40(2): 168–175. 2014.
[11] ERTEN, Ö.; ÖZTÜRK, Y.; YILMAZ, O. Türkiye’de pet hayvan sahiplerinin
sosyo-demograk yapıları ve pet hayvancılığına bakışları; Alanya-
Mardin örneği. MAE Vet. Fak. Derg. 4(2): 76–83. 2019.
[12] ERTEN, Ö.; ESEN, F.; ŞEKER, İ.; YÜKSEL, B.F. Kedi sahiplerinin
kedilerinin beden dilini anlama seviyelerinin belirlenmesi: Elazığ
İli örneği. Erciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 19(1): 18–23. 2022.
[13] HASEGAWA, M.; OHTANİ, N.; OHTA, M. Dogs' body language
relevant to learning achievement. Anim. (Basel). 4(1): 45–58.
2014. https://doi.org/gcbxx5.
[14] HERRON, M.E.; SHOFER, F.S.; REİSNER, I.R. Survey of the use
and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training
methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors.
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 117: 47–54. 2009.
[15] HOLLAND, K.E. Acquiring a pet dog: A review of factors affecting
the decision-making of prospective dog owners. Anim. (Basel).
9(4): 124. 2019. https://doi.org/jzhq.
[16] HOWELL, T.J.; KİNG, T.; BENNETT, P.C. Puppy parties and
beyond: the role of early age socialization practices on adult
dog behavior. Vet. Med. (Auckl). 6: 143–153. 2015. https://doi.
org/ghmrm7.
[17] KOBELT, A.J.; HEMSWORTH, P.H.; BARNETT, J.L.; COLEMAN,
G.J. A survey of dog ownership in suburban Australia conditions
and behaviour problems. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82(2): 137–148.
2003. https://doi.org/dhpvk8.
[18] KUBİNYİ, E.; TURCSÁN, B.; MİKLÓSİ, A. Dog and owner demographic
characteristics and dog personality trait associations. Behav.
Process. 81: 392–401. 2009.