Revista Electrónica:
Depósito Legal: ppi 201502ZU4665 / / ISSN electrónico: 2477-944X
Revista Impresa:
Depósito Legal: pp 199102ZU46 / ISSN 0798-2259
MARACAIBO, ESTADO ZULIA, VENEZUELA
Vol. XXX (2) 2020
UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA
REVISTA CIENTÍFICA
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS
DIVISIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN
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Revista Cientíca, FVC-LUZ / Vol. XXX, N° 2, 65 - 69, 2020
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS AND OVARIAN CYST IN A DONKEY: A CASE
RIÑONES POLQUISTICOS Y OVARIOS QUISTICOS EN UN BURRO: UN CASO
*Abelardo Morales-Briceño
1,2,
Aniceto Méndez-Sanchez
1,
María Morales-Briceño
3
and Cesar Castillo-Torbett
3
.
1
Department of Anatomy and Comparative Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain. Edicio de
Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales Ctra. de Madrid km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
2
Alshula Veterinary Pharmacy For Veterinary
Service, Alshahannya Street, N°800, 80. P.O. Box 9576. Doha, Qatar.
3
Private Practice.
+0034619307223
Email: aamorales13@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to report a case of polycystic kidneys and
ovarian cyst in a donkey. A 24-year-old female Andalusian Breed
Donkey (Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain) with weight loss syndrome
chronic for date six month. The eyes had sclera ecchymoses,
edema and icteric. Haematology and blood biochemistry
revealed an increased leukocyte count, an elevated blood lactate
concentration. Serum calcium, phosphorous, and potassium
concentrations were within the normal ranges. The blood urea
nitrogen and the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels
(SGOT) were 75mg/dL, and 337U/L, respectively. The necropsy
revealed glade with distention severed for cumulus for urine and
no change in the walk. Kidney left present atrophy severed (10
centimeters). Both kidneys were polycystic diuse of dierent
diameters with bilateral pyelic ectasia, ureteral dilation, lack of
cortico-medullary dierentiation, and sponge-like appearance of
the renal parenchyma. In the sections histology demonstrated
marked alteration of the normal renal parenchymal architecture,
bilaterally. The renal cortices contained numerous round cysts
ranging in size from 150 milimeters (mm) to 2.5 mm in diameter,
lined by low cuboidal to attened epithelium, and lled with clear
uid containing a small amount of occulent proteinaceous debris.
Both ovaries had multiple cysts. In conclusion, it was reported a
case of severed polycystic kidney disease and ovarian cyst in a
donkey.
Key words: Donkey; cyst; kidney; polycystic; pathology
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar un caso de riñones
poliquísticos y quistes de ovario en un burro. Un burro de 24
años de edad, de sexo hembra Raza Andaluz (Extremadura,
Badajoz, España) con síndrome de pérdida de peso crónica con
data de seis meses. En la mucosa ocular se observó equimosis,
edema y esclerótica ictérica. Hematología y bioquímica de la
sangre mostraron un aumento de recuento de leucocitos, una
elevada concentración de lactato en sangre. Concentraciones
de calcio, fósforo, potasio y concentraciones séricas estaban
dentro de los rangos normales. El BUN en sangre y los niveles de
Transaminasas séricas glutámico oxaloacético (SGOT) fueron de
75mg/dL y 337U/L, respectivamente. La necropsia evidencio la
distensión quística renal por cúmulos de orina. El riñón izquierdo
presentó atroa aproximadamente 10 centímetros. Ambos riñones
fueron poliquísticos, quistes difusos de diferentes diámetros con
ectasia bilateral piélico, dilatación ureteral, falta de diferenciación
cortico-medular y aspecto esponjoso del parénquima renal. En
las secciones histológicas se evidenció marcada alteración de
la arquitectura del parénquima renal normal, de forma bilateral.
Las cortezas renales contienen numerosos quistes redondos
que varían en tamaño desde 150milimetros (mm) a 2,5 mm de
diámetro, recubierto por células cuboidales a epitelio aplanado,
y llenas de un líquido claro que contiene una pequeña cantidad
de residuos proteico oculante. Ambos ovarios tenían múltiples
quistes. En conclusión se presenta un caso de la enfermedad
renal poliquística y el quiste de ovario en un burro.
Palabras clave: Burro; quiste; riñón; poliquístico; patología
Recibido: 10/01/2020 Aceptado: 29/04/20
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Polycystic kidneys / Morales, A. y col.
INTRODUCTION
Renal cysts are a heterogeneous group comprising heritable,
developmental, and acquired disorders. The classication
general presented [3] here has been developed, as have several
others in the past, to incorporate radiographic, functional, and
genetic contributions in its clinicopathologic correlations. Its major
categories are as follows: dysplastic cysts arising in kidneys that
have undergone abnormal morphogenesis and dierentiation;
polycystic disease of autosomal recessive and autosomal
dominant types; heritable syndromes of multiple malformations
with renal cysts resulting from presumed metabolic injury;
isolated cortical cysts of unknown pathogenesis; medullary
cysts of several types, including medullary sponge kidney and
the progressive syndromes of medullary cystic disease, familial
juvenile nephronophthisis, and renal-retinal dysplasia; acquired
parenchymal cysts of diverse origins; and extraparenchymal
cysts. Four types of abnormalities have been recorded on a study
about cystic diseases of donkey’s kidneys, collected at the Madrid
Slaughter-house [2]. These four categories were: a) simple isolated
renal cysts; b) multiple renal cysts; c) adult polycystic kidneys; and
d) focal renal cystic dysplasia and hypoplasia [2, 4-7]. In horses
(Equus caballus) have been describe polycystic kidneys as a
cause of chronic renal failure and secondary hypoparathyroidism
[1]. A female donkey (Equus africanus asinus) present both
kidneys were polycystic, and multiple calculi were found in the
right kidney. Both ovaries had multiple cysts [10]. Renal dysplasia
and cystic renal disease have been infrequently documented
in horse. Cystic renal disease diagnosed as polycystic kidney
disease (PKD) has been described in adult and aged horses
(9 to 24 years (yr) of age) [1,4,5,9]. Polycystic kidney disease
(PKD), a morphologically distinct form of congenital cystic renal
disease, was the dierential diagnosis for this case at the time of
postmortem examination. The aim of this study was to report a
case of polycystic kidneys and ovarian cyst in a donkey.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Case history
A 24-yr-old female Andalusian Breed Donkey (Extremadura,
Badajoz, Spain) with weight loss syndrome chronic for date six
months (mon). The eyes had ecchymosis, edema and jaundice
(of the ocular conjunctiva).
Clinical pathology
Haematology and blood biochemistry revealed an increased
leukocyte count, an elevated blood lactate concentration. Serum
calcium, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations were within
the normal ranges. The blood urea nitrogen and the serum glu-
tamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels (SGOT) were 75 miligrams
(mg) / deciliters (dL) and 337 units (U) / L, respectively. The blood
glucose concentration was increased to an abnormally high level
of 155 mg/100 mililiters (mL). During last week (w) the donkey’s
condition deteriorated and was euthanized.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Post mortem ndings
A necropsy was performed immediately after euthanasia. The
necropsy revealed a general mucosa icteric (oral and ocular
conjunctiva) and severe loss of muscle mass and weight loss
syndrome. Lesions (brosis and mineralization) were found in
the liver milk spot associated a chronic migration of parasites,
lungs with equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(ECOPD) and conuent areas of chronic-active bronchitis, heart
with cardiopathy hypertrophic concentric and gastric parasite
infection by Gasterophillus spp. The urogenital organs present
glade with distention severed for cumulus for urine and no
change in the walk, with ectasia of the pelvis and dilatation of
the ureters compatible with non-severe hydronephrosis. There
is a deciency in the corticomedullary dierentiation due to the
fact that the macro and microstructural anatomy are completely
distorted by the excessive dilation of the renal tubules. However,
no alteration in the cortical structure is observed due to polycystic
disease. Compensatory changes (hypertrophy) are seen to
fulll the ltering function of the undamaged nephrons. Kidney
left present atrophy severed 10centimeters (cm). Both kidneys
were polycystic diuse of dierent diameters with bilateral pyelic
ectasia, ureteral dilation, lack of cortico-medullary dierentiation,
and sponge-like appearance of the renal parenchyma. Both
ureters were present and dilated. On cut section, the entire renal
parenchyma resembled a sponge, consisting of a myriad of 1 to
3 cm cysts lled with clear uid. Both ovaries had multiple cysts.
FIGURE 1.- DONKEY (ANDALUSIAN BREED): necropsy with
urogenital system
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Revista Cientíca, FVC-LUZ / Vol. XXX, N° 2, 65 - 69, 2020
FIGURE 2.- KIDNEY LEFT. Present atrophy severed (10cm)
and polycystic kidney
FIGURE 3.- KIDNEY LEFT (SAGITTAL SECTION). Present
atrophy severed (10cm) and polycystic kidney
For histopathological examination, sections were stained with
haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In the sections demonstrated
marked alteration of the normal renal parenchymal architecture,
bilaterally.
FIGURE 4.- HISTOPATHOLOGY OF KIDNEY. Marked alteration
of the normal renal parenchymal architecture, bilaterally. the
renal cortices contained numerous round cysts ranging in
size from 150 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter, lined by low cuboidal
to attened epithelium (Hematoxilin & Eosin 10x)
The renal cortices contained numerous round cysts ranging in
size from 150 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter, lined by low cuboidal to
attened epithelium, and lled with clear uid containing a small
amount of occulent proteinaceous debris. Interspersed between
the cysts were glomeruli of varying sizes. In some sediment and
renal cysts consistent mineralization is observed with calcium
oxalate. These included dilated Bowman’s spaces, and larger,
hypertrophic and/or hyperplastic glomeruli, which often exhibited
segmental to global brinoid necrosis of the glomerular tuft,
with hemorrhage and brin exudation into Bowman’s space.
Cortical tubules included those lined by cuboidal epithelium with
a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, resembling proximal tubules,
as well as those lined by pale cuboidal epithelium with a lower
N: C ratio. Cysts, glomeruli, and tubules were embedded in an
edematous, slightly myxoid stroma populated by spindled to
stellate mesenchymal cells. Both ovaries had multiple cysts.
68
Polycystic kidneys / Morales, A. y col.
FIGURE 5.- HISTOPATHOLOGY OF KIDNEY. The renal
cortices contained numerous round cysts ranging in size
from 150 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter, lined by low cuboidal to
attened epithelium (Hematoxilin & Eosin 20x)
FIGURE 6.- HISTOPATHOLOGY OF KIDNEY. The renal
cortices contained round cyst range of 2.5 mm diameter,
lined by low cuboidal to attened epithelium with sediment
and renal cysts consistent mineralization is observed with
calcium oxalate (Hematoxilin & Eosin 20x)
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder in
which clusters of cysts develop primarily within of kidneys. Cysts
are round sacs containing water-like uid. The cysts vary in size
and, as they accumulate more uid, they can grow very large.
Although kidneys usually are the most severely aected organs,
PKD can cause cysts to develop in liver, ovary and elsewhere
in the body. The presentation of cysts in kidneys and ovaries
coincide with some reports in the literature [10]. The disease
causes a variety of serious complications. A common complication
of polycystic kidney disease is high blood pressure, laminitis and
others pathologies. Kidney failure is another common problem
for animals with polycystic kidney disease. Polycystic kidney
disease varies greatly in its severity, and some complications
are preventable but its diagnosis can be confused. Some studies
the major inherited types are autosomal dominant (AD) and
autosomal recessive (AR) [8]. ADPKD is caused by at least two
(and possibly three) genes located on separate chromosomes,
while ADPKD-1 is due to a 14 kb transcript in a duplicated region
on the short arm of chromosome 16 very near the alpha-globin
gene cluster and the gene for one form of tuberous sclerosis.
ADPKD-2 has been assigned to the long arm of chromosome 4.
ARPKD is due to a mutated gene on both copies of the long arm
of chromosome 6 [8]. Cysts originate in renal tubules. Proliferation
of tubule epithelial cells modulated by endocrine, paracrine, and
autocrine factors is a major element in the pathogenesis of renal
cystic diseases. In addition, uid that is abnormally accumulated
within the cysts is derived from glomerular ltrate and, to a greater
extent, by transepithelial uid secretion. Abnormal synthesis and
degradation of matrix components associated with interstitial
inammation are additional features in the pathogenesis of renal
cystic diseases [8]. The ADPKD genotypes are characterized by
bilateral kidney cysts, hypertension, hematuria, renal infection,
stones, and renal insuciency. ADPKD is a systemic disorder;
cysts appear with decreasing frequency in the kidneys, liver,
pancreas, brain, spleen, ovaries, and testis. Cardiac valvular
disorders, abdominal and inguinal hernias, and aneurysms of
cerebral and coronary arteries and aorta are also associated with
ADPKD [8]. Although there have been cases of polycystic kidney
disease in horses and donkeys, secondary clinical complications
have been described recently as the reports have been like nding
occasional necropsy or slaughter inspections. Unfortunately,
this case has the limitation of not conducting a genetic study
to determine polycystic familial kidney disease in donkeys, to
consider a hereditary origin. However, the observed lesions show
severe pathological changes of the kidneys associated with a
polycystic kidney disease, they may be associated with recurrent
infections although secondary bacterial infection was ruled out,
or a previous obstruction of the urinary tract is not described
in the history of this donkey. In this case, although a unilateral
polycystic kidney deterioration of the conditions of the patient,
the secondary complications and chronic liver injury and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease ultimately led to euthanasia.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion it was reported a case of severed PKD and
ovarian cyst in a donkey. Future studies are needed to elucidate
the pathogenesis of polycystic kidneys in a donkey as well as its
etiology considering the similarity between the observed clinical
signs in animals.
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2 2020
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