ISSN2477-9458 BOLETÍN DEL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOLÓGICAS Incidence of Nematopsis sp. (Proctista: Aplicomplexa) in Penaeus vannamei and its relationship with physicochemical parameters of watern. Edison Pascal, Helimar Váquez, José Arcaya and Hennet Faría…… 80 Monitoreo de hongos anemófilos en el palacio de los deportes de combate, San Francisco, Zulia-Venezuela. Andreína González, Laugeny Díaz, Elizabeth Ojeda y Ricardo Silva. 97 COMUNICACIONES BREVES. Primer registro de la almeja asiática invasora Corbicula fluminea (Muller; 1774) en la cuenca del río Carinicuao, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Sinatra Salazar, Henry Salazar, Osmicar Vallenilla, Carol Lárez y Claudio Marchán…………………………………………………………... 115 Variación morfológica de Basiliscus basiliscus (Reptilia: Squamata: Corytophanidae). Greimary Fuenmayor, Ángel Cardozo y Margareth Voelger……….... 123 NOTAS CIENTÍFICAS Registro de Corythaica carinata Uhler, 1886 (Hemiptera: Tingidae) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. Alfredo Briceño-Santos…………………………….……………………… 134 Geographical distribution note of the of Paracymus Thomson, 1867, from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hidrophilidae: Hidrophilinae). Mauricio García Ramírez and Nadiany Castillo Reyes…..……….... 139 Instrucciones a los autores……………….…..………………………… 149 Instructions for authors………………….………………………….… 159 Vol. 59, N 0 2, Pp. 80-168, Julio-Diciembre 2025 UNA REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA PUBLICADA POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA

Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Vol. 59. Nº 2, Julio-Diciembre 2025, Pp. 139-148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19350490 139 Geographical distribution note of the species of Paracymus Thomson, 1867, from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) Mauricio García Ramírez 1, 2 and Nadiany Castillo Reyes 1 ¹Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Universidad del Zulia, 4001-A, Apartado 526, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3238-9527, https://orcid. org/0000-0002-9817-0088. ²Museo de Artrópodos de la Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002-A, Apartado 526, Zulia, Venezuela. gonospinus@gmail.com ABSTRACT This research presents the geographical distribution of 50 species of Paracymus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) inhabiting Venezuela, within a subregion, two biogeographical domains, and four provinces, following the Neotropical regionalization. The spatial distribution of these species represented on an attached map, which shows an extract of the Neotropical region from northern South America. Key words: Hydrophilidae, Neotropical, Paracymus, neotropical regionalization, geographical distribution. Nota distributiva geográfica de las especies de Paracymus Thomson, 1867, de Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) RESUMEN Esta investigación presenta la distribución geográfica de 50 species de Paracymus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) que habitan en Venezuela, dentro de una subregión, dos

140 Paracymus de Venezuela. García Ramírez and Castillo Reyes. dominios biogeográficos y cuatro provincias, siguiendo el marco de regionalización neotropical. La distribución espacial de estas especies se representa en un mapa adjunto, que constituye una extracción de la región Neotropical del norte de Sudamérica. Palabras clave: Hydrophilidae, neotropical, Paracymus; regionalización neotropical, distribución geográfica. Recibido / Received: 02 -02-2025 ~ Aceptado / Accepted: 25-10-2025. INTRODUCTION The geographic distribution of Paracymus species in Venezuela categorizes geographic areas in terms of their biota (Escalante 2009); this is an essential tool for understanding the distribution of terrestrial biodiversity. By categorizing geographic areas based on their characteristic biota, a hierarchy is established that facilitates the analysis of the interrelationships between species and their respective environments. The primary objective of this research was to represent the distribution of the 50 species belonging to the genus Paracymus in Venezuela, identifying the distribution of species throughout the Pacific and Brazilian Boreal domains, as well as in the biogeographic provinces of La Guajira (states of Mérida, Táchira, Trujillo, and Zulia), Venezuela (states of Aragua, Anzoátegui, Carabobo, Capital District, Falcón, Miranda, Sucre), Sabana (states of Lara, Portuguesa, Cojedes, Guárico, Anzoátegui, Monagas, Barinas, Apure), and Pantepuy (states of Bolívar and Amazonas), reflecting the remarkable environmental heterogeneity of the Venezuelan territory. In short, this study contributes to our knowledge of the biodiversity of aquatic beetles in the country and highlights the importance of considering biogeographical divisions when designing effective conservation strategies.

Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Vol. 59. Nº 2, Julio-Diciembre 2025, Pp. 139-148 141 MATERIALS AND METHODS This research uses the geographical context within the Neotropical region proposed in Morrone (2014) and Morrone et al. (2022) without standardizing a biogeographic study, it only embeds the fundamental hierarchical division such as subregions, domains, provinces, and districts, superimposed on the geographic regions in Venezuela, based on previous works such as those by Ebach et al. (2008) and Escalante (2009). The type material examined in this research was deposited in the collection of the Arthropod Museum of the Universidad del Zulia, located in Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela. The biogeographic distribution framework for this study is the Neotropical regionalization proposed by Morrone (2014) and Morrone et al. (2022). Based on this proposal, a list was drawn up and included in a geographical map of Venezuela (Fig. 1) in order to visualize the distribution of species of the genus Paracymus in the Venezuelan biogeographic units corresponding to the Brazilian subregion. These units comprise the Pacific domain, which includes the provinces of La Guajira (Maracaibo district), Venezuela, and Sabana, and the Brazilian Boreal domain, province of Pantepuy. The resulting map is an adaptation of Figure 12 presented in Morrone (2014: 24). The distribution of species is presented as a hierarchically organized list, following the biogeographic classification established in the regionalization of the Neotropical region of northern South America, proposed by Morrone (2014) and Morrone et al. (2022). This map of Venezuela (Fig. 1) is superimposed and adapted as a modification of Morrone (2014), allowing the visualization of the distribution of species in the different biogeographic areas of northern South America.

142 Paracymus de Venezuela. García Ramírez and Castillo Reyes. Figure 1. Biogeographic regionalization of the genus Paracymus in Venezuelan (Northern South America) modified from Morrone (2014).

Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Vol. 59. Nº 2, Julio-Diciembre 2025, Pp. 139-148 143 RESULTS Neotropical Region Sclater (1858) Brazilian Subregion Blyth 1871: 428 Brazilian Subregion A Pacific Domain Cabrera and Willink1973: 52 Guajira Province Cabrera and Willink1973: 46. Maracaibo District Müller1973 Zulia State: Lake Maracaibo Depression. Paracymus (Paracymus) ailuzus García y Jiménez, 2022c: 169 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) anacolinae García y Jiménez, 2022c: 173 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) barrosi García, 2022b: 74 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) botanicus García, 2024: 23 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) burronegrus García, 2021b: 30 - Zulia. Paracymus (Paracymus) ceuta García, 2022b: 44 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) magnum García, 2022b: 48 – Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) lagoxidacius García, 2022a: 81 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) maracaiboensis García, 2022b: 48 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) pallidecius García, 2024: 25 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) tuberiasus García, 2022a: 87 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) zulianorum García, 2022b: 51 - Zulia. Paracymus (Escotadus) zulianus García, 2021b: 37 - Zulia. Paracymus (Lineolu) chorroelindius García, 2022b: 55 - Táchira. Paracymus (Paracymus) lara García, 2021a: 202 - Lara. Brazilian Subregion B Pacific Domain Cabrera and Willink 1973: 52 Province of Venezuela Cabrera and Willink 1973: 56 State of Sucre: Araya Peninsula. Paracymus (Escotadus) acostae García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 105 - Sucre. Paracymus (Escotadus) aitanae García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 109 - Sucre. Paracymus (Escotadus) balkei García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 110 - Sucre.

144 Paracymus de Venezuela. García Ramírez and Castillo Reyes. Paracymus (Escotadus) marinus García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 114 - Sucre. Paracymus (Escotadus) ramosae García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 118 - Sucre. Paracymus (Paracymus) mercedesae García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 119 - Sucre Paracymus (Escotadus) solarys García y Jiménez-Ramos, 2020: 120 – Sucre. Brazilian Subregion C Pacific Domain Cabrera and Willink 1973: 52 Sabana Province Orfila 1941: 86 Llanos Region in the states of Apure and Guárico Paracymus (Lineolu) arcuatus García, 2022b: 53 - Guárico Paracymus (Escotadus) benettii García, 2021b: 29 - Guárico. Paracymus (Lineolu) convexus García, 2022b: 56 - Apure. Paracymus (Lineolu) fannyae García, 2022b: 48 - Apure, Guárico. Paracymus (Paracymus) insularis Wooldridge, 1973: 119 - Apure, Guárico. Paracymus (Lineolu) hemisphaericum García, 2022b: 59 - Guárico. Paracymus (Lineolu) lisethae García, 2022b: 61 - Guárico. Paracymus (Paracymus) limbatus Wooldridge, 1973: 120 - Apure, Guárico. Paracymus (Paracymus) melvae García, 2021a: 203 - Apure. Paracymus (Paracymus) ovalus García, 2022a: 85 - Apure. Paracymus (Escotadus) venezuelae García, 2022a: 90 - Apure. Paracymus (Escotadus) gilsoni García, 2022a: 77 - Apure. Paracymus (Escotadus) sandovali García, 2024: 27 - Apure. Paracymus (Paracymus) yaruro García, 2021a: 210 - Apure. Brazilian Subregion D Boreal Brazilian Domain Clarke 1892: 381 Province Pantepui Mayr and Phelps 1967: 276 State of Amazonas Paracymus (Escotadus) gavilanensis García y Jiménez, 2022c: 176 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) gavilanus García y Jiménez, 2022c: 179 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) jirehae García y Jiménez, 2022c: 182 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) liliae García y Jiménez, 2022c: 185 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) pemonus García, 2021a: 31 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Paracymus) petiti García, 2021a: 207 (Amazonas.

Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Vol. 59. Nº 2, Julio-Diciembre 2025, Pp. 139-148 145 Paracymus (Paracymus) piaroa García, 2021a: 205 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) samariapus García, 2021b: 32 – Amazonas Paracymus (Lineolu) sanozamaus García, 2022b: 62 – Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) surensis García, 2024: 30 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) toboganensis García, 2024: 32 - Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) torresi García, 2024: 34- Amazonas. Paracymus (Escotadus) yanomami García, 2021b: 35 - Amazonas. DISCUSSION Paracymus species have a particular geographical distribution in Venezuela, currently concentrated in four main biogeographical provinces (Morrone et al. 2022, Morrone 2014): Goajira, Venezuela, Sabana, and Pantepuy. This distribution pattern reflects a complex interaction of historical, geological, and ecological factors that have shaped the evolution and dispersion of species in this genus. The Pantepui Province, with 13 species, emerges as a center of diversity for the Paracymus genus in Venezuela. This region has a diversity of aquatic habitats, providing a wide range of ecological niches. The geological stability of the region and the presence of geographical barriers, such as the Orinoco River, may have limited its distribution, as Pérez-Hernández (1989) points out that this river has acted as a biogeographical barrier, which, as it moved to its current course, modified the distribution of certain species (Pérez-Hernández and Lew 2001). The Sabana Province. With its extensive floodplains and mighty rivers, this province is home to 14 species of Paracymus. The connectivity between the aquatic systems of the Llanos facilitates dispersal, but there is a possibility that geographical barriers, such as the Orinoco and Apure rivers, limit distribution. The Goajira Province. It includes the Lake Maracaibo depression and the Andean highlands of Venezuela, with their high diversity of aquatic habitats, and is home to 16 species of Paracymus, making it the province with the greatest species richness for this

Paracymus de Venezuela. García Ramírez and Castillo Reyes. 146 genus. The environmental heterogeneity of this region, with its lakes, rivers, lagoons and wetlands, favors species diversification. In addition, the geological history of the region, marked by changes in sea level and the formation of geographical barriers, may have played an important role in the evolution of these beetles. The Venezuela Province. With seven species, the Araya Peninsula has less diversity of Paracymus compared to the other provinces. However, its strategic location between the Caribbean Sea and the Llanos makes it a biogeographic transition zone. The presence of salt flats and coastal lagoons may have favored the adaptation of some species to saline conditions. This research represents a preliminary study of the distribution of the genus Paracymus in Venezuela, as new species are discovered every year, offering a different perspective in each of the provinces involved. LITERATURE CITED BLYTH, E. 1871. A suggested new division of the Earth into zoological regions. Nature 3: 427-429. CABRERA, A. L. AND A. WILLINK. 1973. Biogeografía de América Latina. Monografía 13, Serie de Biología, OEA, Washington, D. C., 120 pp CLARKE, C. B. 1892. On biologic regions and tabulation areas. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London 183: 371-387. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1098/rstb.1892.0009 EBACH, M. C., J. MORRONE, L. R. PARENTI AND L. VILORIA. 2008. International Code of Area Nomenclature. Journal of Biogeography 35: 1153-1157. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01920.x ESCALANTE, T. 2009. Un ensayo sobre regionalización biogeográfica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80: 551-560. www.scielo.org.mx GARCÍA, M. 2024. Paracymus de Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini), Parte VII: Registro de seis nuevas especies. Bol. Centro Invest. Biol. 58(1): 20-44. https://produccion cientificaluz.org/index.php/boletin/issue/view/2603

Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Vol. 59. Nº 2, Julio-Diciembre 2025, Pp. 139-148 147 GARCÍA, M. 2022a. Paracymus from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini). Part V: Lineolu, new subgenus with seven new species, three new species of Escotadus García, 2021 and one of Paracymus Thomson, 1867. Anartia 34(1): 43- 69. www.produccioncientificaluz.org GARCÍA. M. 2022b. Paracymus of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini). Part IV: Addition of six new species. Bol. Centro Invest. Biol. 56(1): 72- 100. https://produccion cientificaluz.org/index.php/boletin/issue/view/2603 GARCÍA, M. 2021a. News species of Paracymus Thomson, 1867. Part III. Escotadus, new subgenus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini). Anartia 33(2): 27- 41. www.produccioncientificaluz.org GARCÍA, M. 2021b. Nuevas especies de Paracymus Thomson, 1867 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini). Parte II: Nuevos Registros de Venezuela. Bol. Centro Invest. Biol. 56(2): 199-221. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/ index.php/ boletin/issue/view/2603 GARCÍA, M. AND E. JIMÉNEZ-RAMOS. 2020. Nuevas especies de Paracymus Thomson (Coleóptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae: Laccobiini) de la Península de Araya, nororiente de Venezuela. Folia Entomológica Mexicana (nueva serie) 6(3): 103- 127. www.revistas.acaentmex.org GARCÍA, M. AND E. JIMÉNEZ-RAMOS. 2022. Paracymus de Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Laccobiini), adición de seis nuevas especies: Parte VI. Bol. Centro Invest. Biol. 56(2): 167-197. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index. php/boletin/issue/view/2603 MAYR, E. AND W. H. JR. PHELPS. 1967. The origin of the bird fauna of the South Venezuelan highlands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 136: 269- 328. MORRONE, J. J., T. ESCALANTE, G. RODRÍGUEZ-TAPIA, A. CARMONA, M. ARANA AND J. D. MORRONE. 2014. Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region Zootaxa 3782 (1): 001-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.3782.1.1 MÜLLER, P. 1973. The dispersal centres of terrestrial vertebrates in the Neotropical realm: A study in the evolution of the Neotropical biota and its native landscapes. Junk, The Hague. 244 pp.

148 Paracymus de Venezuela. García Ramírez and Castillo Reyes. ORFILA, R. N. 1941. Apuntaciones ornitológicas para la zoogeografía neotropical. I. Distrito Sabánico. Revista Argentina de Zoogeografía 1: 85-92. PÉREZ-HERNÁNDEZ, R. AND D. LEW. 2001. Las clasificaciones e hipótesis biogeográficas para la Guayana Venezolana. Interciencia 26(009): 373-382. www.ve.scielo.org PÉREZ-HERNÁNDEZ, R. 1989. Distribution of the family Didelphidae (Mammalia - Marsdupialia) in Venezuela. En Redfort K. H and Eisenberg J. F (Eds) Advances in neotropical Mammalogy. The Sandhill Crane. Gainsville. Fla. Pp 363-410 SCLATER, P. L. 1858. On the general geographic distribution of the members of the class Aves. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2: 130-145. http://dx. doi.org/10.1111/ j.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x WOOLDRIDGE, D. P. 1989. New Paracymus from South America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Journal of Kansas Entomological Society 62(2): 282-284.

ISSN 2477-9458 BOLETIN DEL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOLÓGICAS AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA Vol. 59, No2, Pp. 80-168, July-December 2025. Incidencia de Nematopsis sp. (Proctista: Apicomplexa) en Penaeus vannamei y su relación con parámetros físico- químicos del agua. Edison Pascal, Helimar Váquez, José Arcaya y Hennet Faría …. 80 Monitoring anemophilous fungi at the Combat Sports Palace, San Francisco, Zulia, Venezuela. Andreína González, Laugeny Díaz, Elizabeth Ojeda and Ricardo Silva... 97 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS. First Record of the invasive asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) in the Riber basin Carinicuao, Golf of Cariaco, Venezuela. Sinatra Salazar, Henry Salazar, Osmicar Vallenilla, Carol Lárez and Claudio Marchán…………………………………………………………..... 115 Morphological variation in Basiliscus basiliscus (Reptilia: Squamata: Corytophanidae). Greimary Fuenmayor, Ángel Cardozo and Margareth Voelger………. 123 SCIENTIFIC NOTES Record of Corythaica carinata Uhler, 1886 (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Zulia state, Venezuela. Alfredo Briceño Santos……………….…………………………………….. 134 Nota distributive geográfica de las especies de Paracymus Thomson, 1867, de Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hidrophilidae: Hidrophilinae). Mauricio García Ramírez y Nadiany Castillo Reyes……………….…... 139 Instrucciones a los autores……………….…..………………………… 149 Instructions for authors……………….…..……………………………. 159