Non-invasive imaging reveals new cranial element of the basal ornithischian dinosaur Laquintasaura venezuelae, Early Jurassic of Venezuela
Imágenes no invasivas revelan nuevo elemento craneal del dinosaurio ornitisquio basal Laquintasaura venezuelae, Jurásico Temprano de Venezuela
Resumen
Se registra y describe un nuevo hueso premaxilar izquierdo del ornitisquio basal Laquintasaura venezuelae proveniente de un lecho fosilífero de la Formación La Quinta en los Andes de Venezuela. La datación previa de este lecho fosilífero, basada en el análisis de circón U–Pb, sugirió una edad máxima del Jurásico temprano (Hettangiana). Por primera vez se aplicó una tomografía computarizada de alta resolución a las rocas de este sitio, lo que llevó al descubrimiento que se informa aquí, ratificando las potencialidades de este método para hacer frente a bloques no preparados y a la identificación de fósiles. Hemos creado un modelo tridimensional del fósil y mostramos que el premaxilar izquierdo de L. venezuelae presenta la característica inusual de un recuento de siete surcos dentales. Este número se conoce sólo en otros dos tireóforos basales,
tales como Huayangosaurus taibaii y Gargoyleosaurus parkpini. Este descubrimiento es consistente con la tendencia general observada en la evolución de los ornitisquios a perder los dientes premaxilares, lo que sugiere que Laquintasaura representa el estado plesiomórfico del carácter, con un alto recuento de dientes. Sólo con nuevos datos anatómicos sobre Laquinta-saura podemos generar hipótesis sólidas de sus relaciones evolutivas, que aborden parte de la historia más temprana de los dinosaurios y su aparición en las áreas ecuatoriales del mundo, mismas que de otro modo estarían mal documentadas.
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Agnolín, F. L. & S. Rozadilla. 2017. Phylogenetic reassessment of Pisanosaurus mertii Casamiquela, 1967, a basal dinosauriform from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 16(10): 853–879.
Baron, M. G. 2019. Pisanosaurus mertii and the Triassic ornithischian crisis: could phylogeny offer a solution? Historical Biology 31(8): 967–981.
Baron, M. G., D. B. Norman & P. M. Barrett. 2017. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature 543: 501–506.
Baron, M. G., D. B. Norman & P. M. Barrett. 2016. Postcranial anatomy of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179(1):125–168.
Barrett, P. M., R. J. Butler, R. Mundil, T. M. Scheyer, R. B. Irmis & M. R. Sánchez-Villagra. 2014. A palaeoequatorial ornithischian and new constraints on early dinosaur diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2014, 281(1791): 20141147.
Barrett, P. M. & Sánchez-Villagra MR. 2012. Los Dinosaurios del Táchira. In Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., ed., Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado: St. Gallen, Printwork Art GmbH, p. 111–117.
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Carpenter, K., C. Miles & K. Cloward. 1998. Skull of a Jurassic ankylosaur (Dinosauria). Nature 393: 782–783.
Crompton, A. W. & J. Attridge. 1986. Masticatory apparatus of the larger herbivores during Late Triassic and Early Jurassic 3D premaxillary bone of the ornithischian Laquintasaura venezuelae times. In Padian, K. ed., The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Cambridge University Press, p. 223–236.
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Ezcurra, M. D. 2010. Biogeography of Triassic tetrapods: evidence for provincialism and driven sympatric cladogenesis in the early evolution of modern tetrapod lineages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2547–2552.
Irmis, R. B. 2011. Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 101(3-4): 397–426.
Kilbourne, B., B. Rouge & K. Carpenter. 2005. Redescription of Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum, a polacanthid ankylosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Albany County, Wyoming. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 237(1): 111–160.
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Langer, M. C., M. D. Ezcurra, O. W. M. Rauhut, M. J. Benton, F. Knoll, B. W. McPhee, F. E. Novas, D. Pol & S. L. Brusatte. 2017. Untangling the dinosaur family tree. Nature 551(7678): pp. E1–E3.
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Lee, Y.-N. 2010. A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Paw Paw Formation (Late Albian) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(2): 232–245.
Maze, W. B. 1984. Jurassic La Quinta Formation in the Sierra de Perijá, northwestern Venezuela: Geology and tectonic environment of red beds and volcanic rocks. Geological Society of America Memoirs 162: 263–282.
Moody, J.M. 1996. Tafonomía de restos de dinosaurios jurásicos de Táchira, Venezuela. VII Jornadas científicas, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. 08-12 Julio, pp. 24–25.
Moody, J.M. 1997. Theropod teeth from the Jurassic of Venezuela. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Geólogos 22 (2): 37–42. Müller, R. T. & M. S. García. 2020. A paraphyletic ‘Silesauridae’ as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs. Biology Letters 16(8): 20200417.
Nabavizadeh, A. & D. B. Weishampel. 2016. The Predentary Bone and Its Significance in the Evolution of Feeding Mechanisms in Ornithischian Dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record 299(10): 1358–1388.
Nesbitt, S. J. & H.-D. Sues. 2020. The osteology of the earlydiverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early diosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191(1): 150–179.
Nesbitt, S. J., P. M. Barrett, S. Werning, C. A. Sidor, A. J. Charig. 2013. The oldest dinosaur? A Middle Triassic dinosauriform from Tanzania. Biology Letters 9: 20120949.
Norman, D. B. 2020. Scelidosaurus harrisonii from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: cranial anatomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188(1): 1–81.
Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11: 60–204. Padian, K. 2017. Dividing the dinosaurs. Nature 543: 494–495.
Parsons, W. L. & K. M. Parsons. 2009. A new ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46(10):721–738.
Porro, L. B., L. M. Witmer & P. M. Barrett. 2015. Digital preparation and osteology of the skull of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Ornithischia: Dinosauria). PeerJ, p. 3:e1494.
Prieto-Márquez, A. & M. A. Norell. 2011. Redescription of a Nearly Complete Skull of Plateosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany). American Museum Novitates 3727:1–58.
Raven, T. J. & S. C. Maidment. 2017. A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia). Palaeontology 60(3): 401–408.
Russell, D. E., O. O. Rivas, B. Battail & D. A. Russell. 1992. Découverte de Vertébrés fossiles dans la Formation de La Quinta, Jurassique du Vénézuéla Occidental. Comites Rendus de L’Académie des Sciences 314(2):1247–1252.
Sachs, S. 1991. Dinosaurier in Venezuela. Dinosaurier Magazin Heft ¾: 3–5.
Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. & J. M., Clark. 1994. An ornithischian from the Jurassic of the Venezuelan Andes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3-Suppl.): 44A.
Schubert, C. 1986. Stratigraphy of the Jurassic La Quinta Formation, Méridda Andes, Venezuela: Type section. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 137: 391–411.
Schubert, C., R. S. Sifontes, V. E. Padron, J. R., Velez & P. A. Loiza. 1979. Formación La Quinta ( Jurásico) Andes merideños; geología de la sección tipo. Acta Científica Venezolana 30 (1): 42–55.
Seeley, H. G. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165–171.
Sereno, P. C.1999. The Evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 284(5423): 2137–2147.
Sereno, P. C. 2010. Lesothosaurus, “Fabrosaurids,” and the early evolution of Ornithischia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(2): 168–197.
Sereno, P. & D. Zhimin, D. 1992. The Skull of the Basal Stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii and a Cladistic Diagnosis of Stegosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(3): 318–343.
Sereno, P. C., C. A. Forster, R. R. Rogers & A. M. Monetta. 1993. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature 361(6407): 64–66.
Tanner, L. H., S. G. Lucas & M. G. Chapman. 2004. Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions. Earth Science Reviews 65:103–139.
Weishampel, D. B., P. Dodson & H. Osmólska. 2007. The Dinosauria. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press; second Edition.
Baron, M. G. 2019. Pisanosaurus mertii and the Triassic ornithischian crisis: could phylogeny offer a solution? Historical Biology 31(8): 967–981.
Baron, M. G., D. B. Norman & P. M. Barrett. 2017. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature 543: 501–506.
Baron, M. G., D. B. Norman & P. M. Barrett. 2016. Postcranial anatomy of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179(1):125–168.
Barrett, P. M., R. J. Butler, R. Mundil, T. M. Scheyer, R. B. Irmis & M. R. Sánchez-Villagra. 2014. A palaeoequatorial ornithischian and new constraints on early dinosaur diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2014, 281(1791): 20141147.
Barrett, P. M. & Sánchez-Villagra MR. 2012. Los Dinosaurios del Táchira. In Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., ed., Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado: St. Gallen, Printwork Art GmbH, p. 111–117.
Barrett, P. M., R. J. Butler, F. E. Novas, S. C. Moore-Fay, J. M. Moody, J. M. Clark & M. R. Sánchez-Villagra. 2008. Dinosaur remains from the La Quinta Formation (Lower or Middle Jurassic) of the Venezuelan Andes. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 82(2): 163–177.
Carpenter, K., C. Miles & K. Cloward. 1998. Skull of a Jurassic ankylosaur (Dinosauria). Nature 393: 782–783.
Crompton, A. W. & J. Attridge. 1986. Masticatory apparatus of the larger herbivores during Late Triassic and Early Jurassic 3D premaxillary bone of the ornithischian Laquintasaura venezuelae times. In Padian, K. ed., The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Cambridge University Press, p. 223–236.
Eaton, T. H. 1960. A new armored dinosaur from the cretaceous of Kansas. Vertebrata 8: 1–24.
Ezcurra, M. D. 2010. Biogeography of Triassic tetrapods: evidence for provincialism and driven sympatric cladogenesis in the early evolution of modern tetrapod lineages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2547–2552.
Irmis, R. B. 2011. Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 101(3-4): 397–426.
Kilbourne, B., B. Rouge & K. Carpenter. 2005. Redescription of Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum, a polacanthid ankylosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Albany County, Wyoming. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 237(1): 111–160.
Langer, M. C., M. D. Ezcurra, J. S. Bittencourt, F. E. Novas. 2010. The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biological Reviews 85(1): 55–110.Langer, M. C., A. D. Rincón, J.
Ramezani, A. Solórzano, O. W. M. Rauhut. 2014. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal society Open science 1: 140184.
Langer, M. C., M. D. Ezcurra, O. W. M. Rauhut, M. J. Benton, F. Knoll, B. W. McPhee, F. E. Novas, D. Pol & S. L. Brusatte. 2017. Untangling the dinosaur family tree. Nature 551(7678): pp. E1–E3.
Lee, M. S., M. G. Baron, D. B. Norman & P. M. Barrett. 2018. Dynamic biogeographic models and dinosaur origins. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109: 325–332.
Lee, Y.-N. 2010. A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Paw Paw Formation (Late Albian) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(2): 232–245.
Maze, W. B. 1984. Jurassic La Quinta Formation in the Sierra de Perijá, northwestern Venezuela: Geology and tectonic environment of red beds and volcanic rocks. Geological Society of America Memoirs 162: 263–282.
Moody, J.M. 1996. Tafonomía de restos de dinosaurios jurásicos de Táchira, Venezuela. VII Jornadas científicas, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. 08-12 Julio, pp. 24–25.
Moody, J.M. 1997. Theropod teeth from the Jurassic of Venezuela. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Geólogos 22 (2): 37–42. Müller, R. T. & M. S. García. 2020. A paraphyletic ‘Silesauridae’ as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs. Biology Letters 16(8): 20200417.
Nabavizadeh, A. & D. B. Weishampel. 2016. The Predentary Bone and Its Significance in the Evolution of Feeding Mechanisms in Ornithischian Dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record 299(10): 1358–1388.
Nesbitt, S. J. & H.-D. Sues. 2020. The osteology of the earlydiverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early diosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191(1): 150–179.
Nesbitt, S. J., P. M. Barrett, S. Werning, C. A. Sidor, A. J. Charig. 2013. The oldest dinosaur? A Middle Triassic dinosauriform from Tanzania. Biology Letters 9: 20120949.
Norman, D. B. 2020. Scelidosaurus harrisonii from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: cranial anatomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188(1): 1–81.
Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11: 60–204. Padian, K. 2017. Dividing the dinosaurs. Nature 543: 494–495.
Parsons, W. L. & K. M. Parsons. 2009. A new ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46(10):721–738.
Porro, L. B., L. M. Witmer & P. M. Barrett. 2015. Digital preparation and osteology of the skull of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Ornithischia: Dinosauria). PeerJ, p. 3:e1494.
Prieto-Márquez, A. & M. A. Norell. 2011. Redescription of a Nearly Complete Skull of Plateosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany). American Museum Novitates 3727:1–58.
Raven, T. J. & S. C. Maidment. 2017. A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia). Palaeontology 60(3): 401–408.
Russell, D. E., O. O. Rivas, B. Battail & D. A. Russell. 1992. Découverte de Vertébrés fossiles dans la Formation de La Quinta, Jurassique du Vénézuéla Occidental. Comites Rendus de L’Académie des Sciences 314(2):1247–1252.
Sachs, S. 1991. Dinosaurier in Venezuela. Dinosaurier Magazin Heft ¾: 3–5.
Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. & J. M., Clark. 1994. An ornithischian from the Jurassic of the Venezuelan Andes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3-Suppl.): 44A.
Schubert, C. 1986. Stratigraphy of the Jurassic La Quinta Formation, Méridda Andes, Venezuela: Type section. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 137: 391–411.
Schubert, C., R. S. Sifontes, V. E. Padron, J. R., Velez & P. A. Loiza. 1979. Formación La Quinta ( Jurásico) Andes merideños; geología de la sección tipo. Acta Científica Venezolana 30 (1): 42–55.
Seeley, H. G. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165–171.
Sereno, P. C.1999. The Evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 284(5423): 2137–2147.
Sereno, P. C. 2010. Lesothosaurus, “Fabrosaurids,” and the early evolution of Ornithischia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(2): 168–197.
Sereno, P. & D. Zhimin, D. 1992. The Skull of the Basal Stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii and a Cladistic Diagnosis of Stegosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(3): 318–343.
Sereno, P. C., C. A. Forster, R. R. Rogers & A. M. Monetta. 1993. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature 361(6407): 64–66.
Tanner, L. H., S. G. Lucas & M. G. Chapman. 2004. Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions. Earth Science Reviews 65:103–139.
Weishampel, D. B., P. Dodson & H. Osmólska. 2007. The Dinosauria. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press; second Edition.
Publicado
2021-08-16
Cómo citar
Herrera-Castillo, C. M., Carrillo-Briceño , J. D., & Sánchez-Villagra, M. R. (2021). Non-invasive imaging reveals new cranial element of the basal ornithischian dinosaur Laquintasaura venezuelae, Early Jurassic of Venezuela: Imágenes no invasivas revelan nuevo elemento craneal del dinosaurio ornitisquio basal Laquintasaura venezuelae, Jurásico Temprano de Venezuela. Anartia, (32), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5571306
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