Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia11
ANARTIA
Publicación del Museo de Biología de la Universidad del Zulia
ISSN 1315-642X (impresa) / ISSN 2665-0347 (digital)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755930 / Anartia, 38 (junio 2024): 11-22
Occurrence of Anchor Coralsnake, Micrurus ancoralis
( Jan, 1872) (Squamata: Elapidae) confirmed in the Magdalena
River Valley of Colombia, with novel citizen science
distribution records
Presencia de la Coral Ancla Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872) (Squamata: Elapidae)
confirmada en el valle del río Magdalena, Colombia, con novedosos registros de
distribución contribuidos por la ciencia ciudadana
Felipe Barrera-Ocampo 1 & Juan Manuel Renjifo2
1
Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia (GHA), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
2
Independent researcher, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Corresponding author: felipe.barrerao@udea.edu.co
(Received: 04-03-2024 / Accepted: 20-04-2024 / On line: 12-09-2024)
RESUMEN
Confirmamos la presencia de la Coral Ancla, Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872), en los bosques tropicales de la vertiente orien-
tal de la Cordillera Central de Colombia en el valle del Río Magdalena. Esto se logró mediante la revisión de un ejemplar
de museo proveniente del departamento del Tolima y nuevos registros en los departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas de la
plataforma de ciencia ciudadana iNaturalist.
Palabras clave: ciencia comunitaria, Elápidos, nuevos registros, ocurrencia de serpientes, plataforma iNaturalist.
ABSTRACT
We confirm the occurrence of the Anchor Coralsnake, Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872), in the tropical forests of the eastern
slopes of the Central Cordillera of Colombia in the Magdalena River Valley. This was achieved through the examination of
a museum specimen from the department of Tolima and new records for the departments of Antioquia and Caldas from
the citizen science platform iNaturalist.
Keywords: community science, Elapids, iNaturalist platform, new records, snake occurrence.
INTRODUCTION
Most of The New World Coralsnakes (Micrurus spp.)
are not abundant in nature, being difficult to find due
to their semi-fossorial habits (Roze 1996). Information
regarding the biology, venom, and distribution of several
species or species groups is limited, and the knowledge
of reptile distribution in Colombia is still incomplete
(Campbell & Lamar 2004). The Anchor Coralsnake,
Micrurus ancoralis, belongs to the South American tri-
ad-bearing group and is one of the largest Micrurus species,
where lengths of up to 151 cm have been reported (Camp-
bell & Lamar 2004). This species ranges from the Darién
region in southeastern Panama to the western slopes of
the Andes in southwestern Ecuador (Roze 1996), inhab-
iting tropical rainforest and low montane wet forest from
near sea level up to about 2000 m asl (Campbell & Lamar
2004, Rodríguez-Guerra 2020). Two subspecies are recog-
ANARTIA
Publicación del Museo de Biología de la Universidad del Zulia
ISSN 1315-642X (impresa) / ISSN 2665-0347 (digital)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755930 / Anartia, 38 (junio 2024): 11-22
Occurrence of Anchor Coralsnake, Micrurus ancoralis
( Jan, 1872) (Squamata: Elapidae) confirmed in the Magdalena
River Valley of Colombia, with novel citizen science
distribution records
Presencia de la Coral Ancla Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872) (Squamata: Elapidae)
confirmada en el valle del río Magdalena, Colombia, con novedosos registros de
distribución contribuidos por la ciencia ciudadana
Felipe Barrera-Ocampo 1 & Juan Manuel Renjifo2
1
Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia (GHA), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
2
Independent researcher, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Corresponding author: felipe.barrerao@udea.edu.co
(Received: 04-03-2024 / Accepted: 20-04-2024 / On line: 12-09-2024)
RESUMEN
Confirmamos la presencia de la Coral Ancla, Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872), en los bosques tropicales de la vertiente orien-
tal de la Cordillera Central de Colombia en el valle del Río Magdalena. Esto se logró mediante la revisión de un ejemplar
de museo proveniente del departamento del Tolima y nuevos registros en los departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas de la
plataforma de ciencia ciudadana iNaturalist.
Palabras clave: ciencia comunitaria, Elápidos, nuevos registros, ocurrencia de serpientes, plataforma iNaturalist.
ABSTRACT
We confirm the occurrence of the Anchor Coralsnake, Micrurus ancoralis ( Jan, 1872), in the tropical forests of the eastern
slopes of the Central Cordillera of Colombia in the Magdalena River Valley. This was achieved through the examination of
a museum specimen from the department of Tolima and new records for the departments of Antioquia and Caldas from
the citizen science platform iNaturalist.
Keywords: community science, Elapids, iNaturalist platform, new records, snake occurrence.
INTRODUCTION
Most of The New World Coralsnakes (Micrurus spp.)
are not abundant in nature, being difficult to find due
to their semi-fossorial habits (Roze 1996). Information
regarding the biology, venom, and distribution of several
species or species groups is limited, and the knowledge
of reptile distribution in Colombia is still incomplete
(Campbell & Lamar 2004). The Anchor Coralsnake,
Micrurus ancoralis, belongs to the South American tri-
ad-bearing group and is one of the largest Micrurus species,
where lengths of up to 151 cm have been reported (Camp-
bell & Lamar 2004). This species ranges from the Darién
region in southeastern Panama to the western slopes of
the Andes in southwestern Ecuador (Roze 1996), inhab-
iting tropical rainforest and low montane wet forest from
near sea level up to about 2000 m asl (Campbell & Lamar
2004, Rodríguez-Guerra 2020). Two subspecies are recog-
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo12
nized: M. ancoralis ancoralis ( Jan 1872) and M. ancoralis
jani Schmidt 1936 (see Roze 1996). Micrurus a. jani is
found from eastern Panama through the Pacific lowlands
of Colombia to the Río Saija drainage, where it intergrades
with M. a. ancoralis, which ranges southward into north-
western Ecuador (Roze 1996, Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Although, there is little knowledge about the natural his-
tory of M. ancoralis, it is classified as Least Concern (LC)
on the IUCN Red List (Ibáñez et al. 2017).
The known distribution of Micrurus ancoralis in Co-
lombia covers the Pacific lowlands and western slope of
the Western Cordillera in the departments of Antioquia,
Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca
(Roze 1996, Wallach et al. 2014). Additionally, Llano-Me-
jía et al. (2017) reported this species for the department of
Tolima but gave no detailed information, i.e. without an
exact date, locality, photograph, or specimen voucher. For
this reason, the occurrence of this species in the Magdale-
na Valley was doubtful. Nonetheless, there is one specimen
collected in 1990 from San Sebastián de Mariquita (Toli-
ma) by one of us ( Juan Manuel Renjifo) currently deposit-
ed in the Reptile Collection of the Instituto Humboldt. A
photograph in vivo of this specimen appears in Campbell
& Lamar (2004. Plate 219); however, they were unable
to obtain much information at the time beyond the fact
that it was from Colombia (William W. Lamar com. pers.,
2024). Here, we examine that specimen and complete the
gap in the distribution of Micrurus ancoralis in the Magda-
lena valley of the Central Cordillera, with new records for
the departments of Antioquia and Caldas from the citizen
science platform iNaturalist.
The specimen IAvH-R-7332, corresponds to a juvenile
of indeterminate sex from Vereda La Maria, km 82 road
Mariquita-Falan, San Sebastián de Mariquita municipal-
ity, Tolima department, Colombia (Approximate coordi-
nates: 5.180791°N, 74.881952°W, WGS 84; ~451 m asl.),
collected by Juan Manuel Renjifo on August 25, 1990. The
specimen was identified as Micrurus ancoralis based on be-
ing the only triad-type coralsnake that has a red head with
a nearby distribution with a characteristic anchor-shaped
black marking in the head formed by the black nuchal
band projecting onto the parietals (Fig. 1).
The four citizen science records in the iNaturalist plat-
form clearly correspond to Micrurus ancoralis identified by
being large coralsnakes with a pattern of triads and a red
head with a characteristic anchor-shaped black marking
(Fig. 2). More photographs of the individuals are available
online, see appendix. The observations are:
1. Inaturalist ID: 185091716 corresponds to a female
specimen of Micrurus ancolaris observed by Miguel
Alejandro Pabon Arboleda at approximately 1648
h on 27 February 2022, in Samaná municipality,
department of Caldas, Colombia (5.384627°N,
74.951486°W, WGS 84; 828 m asl.). This specimen
was found road-killed (Fig. 2A) in a peri-urban zone
surrounded by fragmented tropical forest.
2. Inaturalist ID: 140615670 corresponds to a male
specimen (Fig. 2B) observed by Diego Rios Monto-
ya at 1100 h on 02 October 2022, in the municipa-
lity of San Francisco, department of Antioquia, Co-
lombia (5.948095°N, 75.080275°W, WGS 84; 1139
m asl.). The specimen appeared in a road of Vereda
Cañada Honda, in a peri-urban zone surrounded by
fragmented tropical forest.
3. Inaturalist ID: 139714234 corresponds to an adult
specimen (Fig. 2C) observed by Juan Camilo Mora
at approximately 0815 h on 22 October 2022, in the
municipality of Remedios, department of Antio-
quia, Colombia (7.21074°N, 74.496178°W, WGS
84; 601 m asl.). The specimen was found in a peri-ur-
ban construction zone surrounded by cattle-grazed
savannah and fragmented tropical forest.
4. Inaturalist ID: 186001626 corresponds to an adult
specimen observed by Oscar Vergara at approxima-
tely 1900 h on 1 December 2022, in the municipali-
ty of Cocorná, department of Antioquia, Colombia
(5.887225°N, 75.146622° W, WGS 84; 1044 m asl.).
The specimen was killed inside a house (Fig. 2D) in
Vereda Santa Rita, a place surrounded by fragmen-
ted tropical forest.
The individuals of Micrurus ancoralis mentioned here
represent new distribution records for the Middle Magda-
lena basin in Antioquia department and a new departmen-
tal record for Caldas department (Fig. 3). The specimen
IAvH-R-7332 aligns with the scale count variation known
for Micrurus ancoralis as proposed by Roze (1996) and
Campbell & Lamar (2004). It was also possible to count
the number of triads in all specimens with additional ma-
terial provided by the authors of the observations, which
corresponds to the established variation of Micrurus ancor-
alis (Table 1). Additionally, these specimens correspond to
M. ancolaris jani based on the distribution range and key
to the subspecies in Roze (1996). The subspecies M. a. jani
intergrades with the nominal species M. a. ancoralis in the
upper Saija River drainage, Cauca department, Colombia
(Roze 1996), although the diagnosis of the subspecies is
poor and needs to be reviewed.
In the recent years, citizen science has been useful in
expanding the knowledge of reptiles and other taxa (An-
garita-Sierra et al. 2022). Specifically, in Colombia, it has
been employed to enhance knowledge about the distribu-
tion of snakes (Angarita-Sierra et al. 2022, Díaz-Floréz et
nized: M. ancoralis ancoralis ( Jan 1872) and M. ancoralis
jani Schmidt 1936 (see Roze 1996). Micrurus a. jani is
found from eastern Panama through the Pacific lowlands
of Colombia to the Río Saija drainage, where it intergrades
with M. a. ancoralis, which ranges southward into north-
western Ecuador (Roze 1996, Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Although, there is little knowledge about the natural his-
tory of M. ancoralis, it is classified as Least Concern (LC)
on the IUCN Red List (Ibáñez et al. 2017).
The known distribution of Micrurus ancoralis in Co-
lombia covers the Pacific lowlands and western slope of
the Western Cordillera in the departments of Antioquia,
Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca
(Roze 1996, Wallach et al. 2014). Additionally, Llano-Me-
jía et al. (2017) reported this species for the department of
Tolima but gave no detailed information, i.e. without an
exact date, locality, photograph, or specimen voucher. For
this reason, the occurrence of this species in the Magdale-
na Valley was doubtful. Nonetheless, there is one specimen
collected in 1990 from San Sebastián de Mariquita (Toli-
ma) by one of us ( Juan Manuel Renjifo) currently deposit-
ed in the Reptile Collection of the Instituto Humboldt. A
photograph in vivo of this specimen appears in Campbell
& Lamar (2004. Plate 219); however, they were unable
to obtain much information at the time beyond the fact
that it was from Colombia (William W. Lamar com. pers.,
2024). Here, we examine that specimen and complete the
gap in the distribution of Micrurus ancoralis in the Magda-
lena valley of the Central Cordillera, with new records for
the departments of Antioquia and Caldas from the citizen
science platform iNaturalist.
The specimen IAvH-R-7332, corresponds to a juvenile
of indeterminate sex from Vereda La Maria, km 82 road
Mariquita-Falan, San Sebastián de Mariquita municipal-
ity, Tolima department, Colombia (Approximate coordi-
nates: 5.180791°N, 74.881952°W, WGS 84; ~451 m asl.),
collected by Juan Manuel Renjifo on August 25, 1990. The
specimen was identified as Micrurus ancoralis based on be-
ing the only triad-type coralsnake that has a red head with
a nearby distribution with a characteristic anchor-shaped
black marking in the head formed by the black nuchal
band projecting onto the parietals (Fig. 1).
The four citizen science records in the iNaturalist plat-
form clearly correspond to Micrurus ancoralis identified by
being large coralsnakes with a pattern of triads and a red
head with a characteristic anchor-shaped black marking
(Fig. 2). More photographs of the individuals are available
online, see appendix. The observations are:
1. Inaturalist ID: 185091716 corresponds to a female
specimen of Micrurus ancolaris observed by Miguel
Alejandro Pabon Arboleda at approximately 1648
h on 27 February 2022, in Samaná municipality,
department of Caldas, Colombia (5.384627°N,
74.951486°W, WGS 84; 828 m asl.). This specimen
was found road-killed (Fig. 2A) in a peri-urban zone
surrounded by fragmented tropical forest.
2. Inaturalist ID: 140615670 corresponds to a male
specimen (Fig. 2B) observed by Diego Rios Monto-
ya at 1100 h on 02 October 2022, in the municipa-
lity of San Francisco, department of Antioquia, Co-
lombia (5.948095°N, 75.080275°W, WGS 84; 1139
m asl.). The specimen appeared in a road of Vereda
Cañada Honda, in a peri-urban zone surrounded by
fragmented tropical forest.
3. Inaturalist ID: 139714234 corresponds to an adult
specimen (Fig. 2C) observed by Juan Camilo Mora
at approximately 0815 h on 22 October 2022, in the
municipality of Remedios, department of Antio-
quia, Colombia (7.21074°N, 74.496178°W, WGS
84; 601 m asl.). The specimen was found in a peri-ur-
ban construction zone surrounded by cattle-grazed
savannah and fragmented tropical forest.
4. Inaturalist ID: 186001626 corresponds to an adult
specimen observed by Oscar Vergara at approxima-
tely 1900 h on 1 December 2022, in the municipali-
ty of Cocorná, department of Antioquia, Colombia
(5.887225°N, 75.146622° W, WGS 84; 1044 m asl.).
The specimen was killed inside a house (Fig. 2D) in
Vereda Santa Rita, a place surrounded by fragmen-
ted tropical forest.
The individuals of Micrurus ancoralis mentioned here
represent new distribution records for the Middle Magda-
lena basin in Antioquia department and a new departmen-
tal record for Caldas department (Fig. 3). The specimen
IAvH-R-7332 aligns with the scale count variation known
for Micrurus ancoralis as proposed by Roze (1996) and
Campbell & Lamar (2004). It was also possible to count
the number of triads in all specimens with additional ma-
terial provided by the authors of the observations, which
corresponds to the established variation of Micrurus ancor-
alis (Table 1). Additionally, these specimens correspond to
M. ancolaris jani based on the distribution range and key
to the subspecies in Roze (1996). The subspecies M. a. jani
intergrades with the nominal species M. a. ancoralis in the
upper Saija River drainage, Cauca department, Colombia
(Roze 1996), although the diagnosis of the subspecies is
poor and needs to be reviewed.
In the recent years, citizen science has been useful in
expanding the knowledge of reptiles and other taxa (An-
garita-Sierra et al. 2022). Specifically, in Colombia, it has
been employed to enhance knowledge about the distribu-
tion of snakes (Angarita-Sierra et al. 2022, Díaz-Floréz et
Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia13
al. 2022, Himes et al. 2022). The new records of Micrurus
ancoralis discussed in this work indicate the presence of
a fourth species of the genus Micrurus in the Middle and
Upper Magdalena Valley, alongside Micrurus camilae Ren-
jifo & Lundberg 2003, Micrurus dumerilii ( Jan 1858) and
Micrurus mipartitus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854)
(see Campbell & Lamar 2004, Meneses-Pelayo & Caballe-
ro 2019). Llano-Mejía et al. (2017) reported the presence
of Micrurus bocourti ( Jan 1872) in Tolima, but without
supporting information such as a photograph, specimen
voucher, or locality details. Therefore, we consider it an
error, as this species is only known to inhabit the Pacific
lowlands of Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Campbell &
Lamar 2004).
All congeners mentioned (except for M. camilae) occur
throughout the Pacific versant and the Magdalena Valley
of Colombia. Different authors have associated these ar-
eas based on biogeographical analyses of terrestrial plant
and animal taxa, which helps to understand the distribu-
tion pattern of M. ancoralis. Hernández-Camacho et al.
(1992), classified both as the Chocó-Magdalena biogeo-
graphic province in ‘Unidades biogeográficas de Colombia’,
and Morrone (2014) in ‘Biogeographical Regionalization of
the Neotropical region’ classified the Magdalena province as
part of the Pacific dominion. The distribution pattern of
M. ancoralis is also observed in other snakes, such as Atrac-
tus clarki, Bothrops punctatus, Chironius grandisquamis,
Coniophanes fissidens, Corallus annulatus, Dendrophidion
clarkii, Enuliophis sclateri, Geophis nigroalbus, Imantodes
inornatus, Lachesis acrochorda, Ninia teresitae, Rhadinaea
decorata, Rhinobothryum bovallii, Sibon annulatus and
Tantilla alticola (McCranie 2004, Passos et al. 2009, Me-
Figure 1. Specimen IAvH-R-7332, juvenile of Micrurus ancoralis from San Sebastián de Mariquita municipality, Tolima department,
Colombia. A. Photograph in vivo. B. General view of the specimen deposited in the reptile collection of the Instituto de Investiga-
ciones de Recursos biológicos Alexander von Humbolt. C-D. Lateral and dorsal view of the head. Photograph A by Juan Manuel
Renjifo; photographs B-D Courtesy of the Reptile Collection of the Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos biológicos Alexander
von Humbolt.
al. 2022, Himes et al. 2022). The new records of Micrurus
ancoralis discussed in this work indicate the presence of
a fourth species of the genus Micrurus in the Middle and
Upper Magdalena Valley, alongside Micrurus camilae Ren-
jifo & Lundberg 2003, Micrurus dumerilii ( Jan 1858) and
Micrurus mipartitus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854)
(see Campbell & Lamar 2004, Meneses-Pelayo & Caballe-
ro 2019). Llano-Mejía et al. (2017) reported the presence
of Micrurus bocourti ( Jan 1872) in Tolima, but without
supporting information such as a photograph, specimen
voucher, or locality details. Therefore, we consider it an
error, as this species is only known to inhabit the Pacific
lowlands of Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Campbell &
Lamar 2004).
All congeners mentioned (except for M. camilae) occur
throughout the Pacific versant and the Magdalena Valley
of Colombia. Different authors have associated these ar-
eas based on biogeographical analyses of terrestrial plant
and animal taxa, which helps to understand the distribu-
tion pattern of M. ancoralis. Hernández-Camacho et al.
(1992), classified both as the Chocó-Magdalena biogeo-
graphic province in ‘Unidades biogeográficas de Colombia’,
and Morrone (2014) in ‘Biogeographical Regionalization of
the Neotropical region’ classified the Magdalena province as
part of the Pacific dominion. The distribution pattern of
M. ancoralis is also observed in other snakes, such as Atrac-
tus clarki, Bothrops punctatus, Chironius grandisquamis,
Coniophanes fissidens, Corallus annulatus, Dendrophidion
clarkii, Enuliophis sclateri, Geophis nigroalbus, Imantodes
inornatus, Lachesis acrochorda, Ninia teresitae, Rhadinaea
decorata, Rhinobothryum bovallii, Sibon annulatus and
Tantilla alticola (McCranie 2004, Passos et al. 2009, Me-
Figure 1. Specimen IAvH-R-7332, juvenile of Micrurus ancoralis from San Sebastián de Mariquita municipality, Tolima department,
Colombia. A. Photograph in vivo. B. General view of the specimen deposited in the reptile collection of the Instituto de Investiga-
ciones de Recursos biológicos Alexander von Humbolt. C-D. Lateral and dorsal view of the head. Photograph A by Juan Manuel
Renjifo; photographs B-D Courtesy of the Reptile Collection of the Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos biológicos Alexander
von Humbolt.
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo14
Figure 2. Citizen science records of Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena Valley. A. Female specimen road-killed from Samaná, Caldas.
B. Male specimen from San Francisco, Antioquia, Colombia. C. Adult specimen from Remedios, Antioquia. D. Adult specimen killed
out of fear from Cocorná, Antioquia. Photographs by Miguel Alejandro Pabon Arboleda (A), Diego Rios Montoya (B), Juan Camilo
Mora (C), and Oscar Vergara (D).
Figure 2. Citizen science records of Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena Valley. A. Female specimen road-killed from Samaná, Caldas.
B. Male specimen from San Francisco, Antioquia, Colombia. C. Adult specimen from Remedios, Antioquia. D. Adult specimen killed
out of fear from Cocorná, Antioquia. Photographs by Miguel Alejandro Pabon Arboleda (A), Diego Rios Montoya (B), Juan Camilo
Mora (C), and Oscar Vergara (D).
Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia15
Table 1. Morphological data of the Micrurus ancoralis specimens examined in this work in contrast with information from
the literature.
Reference material Sex Ventral
scales
Subcaudal
scales Temporal scales Body triads Tail triads
Roze (1996); Campbell & Lamar (2004)
Male 242-262 31-37 1 + 1
(rarely 1+2)
12-20 1-2 (1 +
incomplete)
Female 266-290 28-35 14-21
This work
IAvH-R 7332 unknown 251 32 1 + 1 14 +
incomplete 1
iNaturalist ID: 185091716 Female — — — 14 1
iNaturalist ID: 140615670 Male — — — 13 2
iNaturalist ID: 139714234 Unknown — — — 15 2
iNaturalist ID: 186001626 Unknown — — — 15 1
Figure 3. Distribution map of Micrurus ancoralis in Colombia. Red triangles correspond to records in the middle and upper Magda-
lena Valley discussed in this work. Blue dots correspond to collection vouchers, literature records, and citizen science records. Yellow
star represents the type locality of M. a. jani. Basis of locality records appear in appendix.
Table 1. Morphological data of the Micrurus ancoralis specimens examined in this work in contrast with information from
the literature.
Reference material Sex Ventral
scales
Subcaudal
scales Temporal scales Body triads Tail triads
Roze (1996); Campbell & Lamar (2004)
Male 242-262 31-37 1 + 1
(rarely 1+2)
12-20 1-2 (1 +
incomplete)
Female 266-290 28-35 14-21
This work
IAvH-R 7332 unknown 251 32 1 + 1 14 +
incomplete 1
iNaturalist ID: 185091716 Female — — — 14 1
iNaturalist ID: 140615670 Male — — — 13 2
iNaturalist ID: 139714234 Unknown — — — 15 2
iNaturalist ID: 186001626 Unknown — — — 15 1
Figure 3. Distribution map of Micrurus ancoralis in Colombia. Red triangles correspond to records in the middle and upper Magda-
lena Valley discussed in this work. Blue dots correspond to collection vouchers, literature records, and citizen science records. Yellow
star represents the type locality of M. a. jani. Basis of locality records appear in appendix.
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo16
neses-Pelayo et al. 2016, Angarita-Sierra & Lynch 2017,
Echavarria-Renteria et al. 2018, Parra-Hernández et al.
2019, Vásquez-Restrepo & Toro-Cardona 2019, García-
Cobos et al. 2020, Santana-Londoño et al. 2021, Rojas &
Marín-Martínez 2022, Meneses-Pelayo 2023).
The expansion of the distribution of Micrurus ancora-
lis reflects the need to preserve the tropical forests of the
eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera. Nevertheless, our
work indicates that this species may inhabit disturbed ar-
eas with fragmented tropical forest in Colombia. Further-
more, there is a need to raise awareness about this species.
Despite being classified as Least Concern (LC) on the
IUCN Red List (Ibáñez et al. 2017), it is frequently killed
by humans either out of fear or in road accidents, as illus-
trated in this work (Fig. 2). The absence of voucher spec-
imens in museums from the Magdalena Valley can be at-
tributed to the general habits of coralsnakes, which makes
them difficult to find and collect in nature. Nonetheless,
as more fieldwork is conducted in the humid tropical for-
ests of the middle and upper Magdalena Valley, museum
vouchers of Micrurus ancoralis will likely increase.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Miguel Alejandro Pabon Arboleda, Diego
Rios Montoya, Edwin Martínez Vega, Felipe Rios Mon-
toya, Juan Camilo Mora, and Oscar Vergara for their as-
sistance with the records of the snakes and for allowing
the use of the photographs. We also extend our gratitude
to Sandra P. Galeano, Khristian Vanegas Valencia, and the
staff of the Reptile Collection of the Instituto Humboldt
for sharing information and photographs of the specimens
under their care. Special thanks to Juan Pablo Hurtado
Gómez for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft
of this work, to Ronald A. Díaz Flórez for his assistance
with the map and for providing helpful comments, and to
Yojan C. Vargas Ramírez for his insightful comments as
well. We also thank the editor Gilson A. Rivas and the re-
viewers William W. Lamar and Danni Sherwood for their
comments and suggestions aimed at improving the manu-
script. Additionally, we value and highlight the iNaturalist
platform for its significant contribution to the knowledge
about snakes. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the contri-
butions of the Facebook groups Aliados de las Serpientes
- Colombia and Serpientes de Colombia / Fauna Ofídica
Colombiana, where we first observed the citizen science
records, as well as other Facebook groups dedicated to
snake identification, for their collaborative efforts in the
conservation of Colombian snakes.
REFERENCES
Angarita-Sierra, T. & J. D. Lynch. 2017. A new species of Nin-
ia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena bio-
geographical province, western Colombia. Zootaxa 4244:
478–492.
Angarita-Sierra, T., L. F. Montaño-Londoño & C. A. Bravo-Ve-
ga. 2022. ID please: Evaluating the utility of Facebook as a
source of data for snake research and conservation. Anais da
Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 94: e20211043.
Ayerbe, S., F. Guevara, C. Ortiz, E. Plaza & J. Guerrero-Vargas.
2007. Catálogo de Reptiles Museo de Historia Natural Unicau-
ca. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia, 84 pp.
Campbell, J. A. & W. W. Lamar. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles
of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates,
Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 976 pp.
Díaz-Flórez R. A., F. Barrera-Ocampo, Y. Romero, A. Mon-
tes-Correa, M. Maldonado, J. Zúñiga-Baos, D. Alarcón-Na-
foro, S. Ayerbe-González, J.D. Jiménez, D. Santana, J.
Calderón, R. Tipon, C. Pinilla, L. Lastre & Y. Vargas. 2022.
Fauna ofídica colombiana: Víboras de Colombia. Bogotá, Co-
lombia, 75 pp.
Duméril, A. M. C., G. Bibron & A. H. A. Duméril. 1854. Er-
pétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles.
Volume 7, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, Francia,
1536 pp.
Echavarria-Renteria, J. D., E. Meneses-P., A. M. Jiménez-O., L.
Palacios-M. & J. T. Rengifo-M. 2018. Nuevos registros y es-
tado actual de la distribución de Imantodes inornatus Boulen-
ger, 1896 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) en Colombia. Revista Co-
lombiana de Ciencia Animal 10: 25–30.
García-Cobos, D., A. Corrales-García, G. Cárdenas-Arévalo,
A. Paternina-Hernández & A. R. Acosta-Galvis. 2020. First
record of the goo-eater snake, Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger,
1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cor-
dillera Oriental of Colombia. Check List 16: 115–119.
GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023. GBIF Occurrence Download: Micrurus
ancoralis. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.bek4xc [Accessed on
23 November 2023].
Hernández-Camacho, J.I., A. Hurtado-Guerra, R. Ortiz-
Quijano & T. Walschburger. 1992. Unidades biogeográ-
ficas de Colombia. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (special vol-
ume):105–51.
Himes J. G., A. Arteaga, L. E. Vera-Pérez & K. M. Enge. 2022.
The geographic distribution of Atractus lehmanni (Boettger,
1898) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Dipsadinae) in Colombia,
and clarification of its status and type locality in Ecuador.
Check List 18: 815–820.
Ibáñez, R., C. Jaramillo, J. Renjifo, D.F. Cisneros-Heredia, W.
Bolívar & J. Velasco. 2017. Micrurus ancoralis. The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T203623A2769193.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.
T203623A2769193.en [Accessed on 26 February 2024].
neses-Pelayo et al. 2016, Angarita-Sierra & Lynch 2017,
Echavarria-Renteria et al. 2018, Parra-Hernández et al.
2019, Vásquez-Restrepo & Toro-Cardona 2019, García-
Cobos et al. 2020, Santana-Londoño et al. 2021, Rojas &
Marín-Martínez 2022, Meneses-Pelayo 2023).
The expansion of the distribution of Micrurus ancora-
lis reflects the need to preserve the tropical forests of the
eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera. Nevertheless, our
work indicates that this species may inhabit disturbed ar-
eas with fragmented tropical forest in Colombia. Further-
more, there is a need to raise awareness about this species.
Despite being classified as Least Concern (LC) on the
IUCN Red List (Ibáñez et al. 2017), it is frequently killed
by humans either out of fear or in road accidents, as illus-
trated in this work (Fig. 2). The absence of voucher spec-
imens in museums from the Magdalena Valley can be at-
tributed to the general habits of coralsnakes, which makes
them difficult to find and collect in nature. Nonetheless,
as more fieldwork is conducted in the humid tropical for-
ests of the middle and upper Magdalena Valley, museum
vouchers of Micrurus ancoralis will likely increase.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Miguel Alejandro Pabon Arboleda, Diego
Rios Montoya, Edwin Martínez Vega, Felipe Rios Mon-
toya, Juan Camilo Mora, and Oscar Vergara for their as-
sistance with the records of the snakes and for allowing
the use of the photographs. We also extend our gratitude
to Sandra P. Galeano, Khristian Vanegas Valencia, and the
staff of the Reptile Collection of the Instituto Humboldt
for sharing information and photographs of the specimens
under their care. Special thanks to Juan Pablo Hurtado
Gómez for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft
of this work, to Ronald A. Díaz Flórez for his assistance
with the map and for providing helpful comments, and to
Yojan C. Vargas Ramírez for his insightful comments as
well. We also thank the editor Gilson A. Rivas and the re-
viewers William W. Lamar and Danni Sherwood for their
comments and suggestions aimed at improving the manu-
script. Additionally, we value and highlight the iNaturalist
platform for its significant contribution to the knowledge
about snakes. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the contri-
butions of the Facebook groups Aliados de las Serpientes
- Colombia and Serpientes de Colombia / Fauna Ofídica
Colombiana, where we first observed the citizen science
records, as well as other Facebook groups dedicated to
snake identification, for their collaborative efforts in the
conservation of Colombian snakes.
REFERENCES
Angarita-Sierra, T. & J. D. Lynch. 2017. A new species of Nin-
ia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena bio-
geographical province, western Colombia. Zootaxa 4244:
478–492.
Angarita-Sierra, T., L. F. Montaño-Londoño & C. A. Bravo-Ve-
ga. 2022. ID please: Evaluating the utility of Facebook as a
source of data for snake research and conservation. Anais da
Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 94: e20211043.
Ayerbe, S., F. Guevara, C. Ortiz, E. Plaza & J. Guerrero-Vargas.
2007. Catálogo de Reptiles Museo de Historia Natural Unicau-
ca. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia, 84 pp.
Campbell, J. A. & W. W. Lamar. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles
of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates,
Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 976 pp.
Díaz-Flórez R. A., F. Barrera-Ocampo, Y. Romero, A. Mon-
tes-Correa, M. Maldonado, J. Zúñiga-Baos, D. Alarcón-Na-
foro, S. Ayerbe-González, J.D. Jiménez, D. Santana, J.
Calderón, R. Tipon, C. Pinilla, L. Lastre & Y. Vargas. 2022.
Fauna ofídica colombiana: Víboras de Colombia. Bogotá, Co-
lombia, 75 pp.
Duméril, A. M. C., G. Bibron & A. H. A. Duméril. 1854. Er-
pétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles.
Volume 7, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, Francia,
1536 pp.
Echavarria-Renteria, J. D., E. Meneses-P., A. M. Jiménez-O., L.
Palacios-M. & J. T. Rengifo-M. 2018. Nuevos registros y es-
tado actual de la distribución de Imantodes inornatus Boulen-
ger, 1896 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) en Colombia. Revista Co-
lombiana de Ciencia Animal 10: 25–30.
García-Cobos, D., A. Corrales-García, G. Cárdenas-Arévalo,
A. Paternina-Hernández & A. R. Acosta-Galvis. 2020. First
record of the goo-eater snake, Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger,
1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cor-
dillera Oriental of Colombia. Check List 16: 115–119.
GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023. GBIF Occurrence Download: Micrurus
ancoralis. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.bek4xc [Accessed on
23 November 2023].
Hernández-Camacho, J.I., A. Hurtado-Guerra, R. Ortiz-
Quijano & T. Walschburger. 1992. Unidades biogeográ-
ficas de Colombia. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (special vol-
ume):105–51.
Himes J. G., A. Arteaga, L. E. Vera-Pérez & K. M. Enge. 2022.
The geographic distribution of Atractus lehmanni (Boettger,
1898) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Dipsadinae) in Colombia,
and clarification of its status and type locality in Ecuador.
Check List 18: 815–820.
Ibáñez, R., C. Jaramillo, J. Renjifo, D.F. Cisneros-Heredia, W.
Bolívar & J. Velasco. 2017. Micrurus ancoralis. The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T203623A2769193.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.
T203623A2769193.en [Accessed on 26 February 2024].
Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia17
Jan, G. 1858. Plan d’une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et
description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Revue
et Magasin de Zoologie (Paris) 2d ser. 10: 438–449, 514–527.
Jan, G. 1972. En: Jan, G. & F. Sordelli. 1860-1861. Iconographie
générale des ophidiens. Vol. 1. J. B. Bailière, Milan.
Llano-Mejía, J., Á. M. Cortés-Gómez & F. Castro-Herrera.
2010. Lista de anfibios y reptiles del departamento del Toli-
ma, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 11: 89–106.
iNaturalist community. 2024. iNaturalist Research-grade Obser-
vations of Micrurus ancoralis from Colombia. Exported from
https://www.inaturalist.org [Accessed on 23 November
2023].
McCranie, J. R. 2004. Enuliophis, E. sclateri. Catalogue of
American Amphibians and Reptiles 799: 1–3.
Meneses-Pelayo, E. 2023. Una guía para los anfibios y reptiles
de Santander: Online reference V.06.2023 Bucaramanga,
Santander, Colombia. http://www.santanderherps.com [Ac-
cessed on 26 February 2024].
Meneses-Pelayo, E., J. Caicedo-Portilla, J. Echavarría-Rentería, J.
Bayona-Serrano & J. Rengifo-Mosquera. 2016. New records
and an update of the distribution of Sibon annulatus (Colub-
ridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) for Colombia. Check List 12:
1931.
Meneses-Pelayo, E. & D. Caballero. 2019. New records and an
updated map of distribution of Micrurus camilae Renjifo &
Lundberg, 2003 (Elapidae) for Colombia. Check List 15:
465–469.
Morrone, J. J..2014. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neo-
tropical region. Zootaxa 3782:1–110.
Parra-Hernández, R. M., D. F. Zambrano & M. Hernando-
Bernal. 2019. New record of Tantilla alticola (Boulenger,
1903) (Serpentes, Colubridae) for the Central Cordillera
in the department of Tolima, Colombia. Check List 15:
485–488.
Passos, P., J. J. Mueses-Cisneros, J. D. Lynch & R. Fernandes.
2009. Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpen-
tes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species. Zoo-
taxa 2293: 1–34.
Renjifo, J. M. & M. Lundberg. 2003. Una especie nueva de ser-
piente coral (Elapidae, Micrurus), de la región de Urrá, mu-
nicipio de Tierra Alta, Córdoba, noroccidente de Colombia.
Revista de la Academia Colombiana Ciencias Exactas Físicas y
Naturales 27: 141–144.
Rodríguez-Guerra, A. 2020. Micrurus ancoralis In: Torres-
Carvajal, O., G. Pazmiño-Otamendi, F. Ayala-Varela & D.
Salazar-Valenzuela. 2021. Reptiles del Ecuador. Version
2022.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica
del Ecuador, Ecuador. https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptili-
aweb/FichaEspecie/Micrurus%20ancoralis [Accessed on 26
February 2024].
Rojas, J. A. & M. Marín-Martínez. 2022. Living near water:
Ecological observations on the Ecuador Sipo, Chironius
grandisquamis, (Peters 1869) (Serpentes: Colubridae), in the
Middle Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. Reptiles & Am-
phibians 29: 46–51.
Roze J. A. 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americans: Biology, Identifi-
cation and Venoms. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Florida,
USA, 328 pp.
Santana-Londoño, J. A., J. P. Moncada-Vélez, J. C. Galle-
go-Ramírez, V. A. Ramírez-Castaño & P. D. A. Gutiér-
rez-Cárdenas. 2021. First record of the Spotted Lancehead,
Bothrops punctatus (García, 1896), from the Department of
Caldas, Colombia. Herpetology Notes 14: 1127–1131.
Schmidt, K. P. 1936. Preliminary account of coral snakes of
South America. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural
History 20: 189–203.
Vásquez-Restrepo J. D. & F. A. Toro-Cardona. 2019. Rhadinaea
decorata (Günther, 1858). Culebra café adornada. Catálogo
de anfibios y reptiles de Colombia 5: 56–63.
Wallach, V., K. Williams & J. Boundy. 2014. Snakes of the World.
A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC press Boca
Raton, Florida, USA, 1227 pp.
Jan, G. 1858. Plan d’une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et
description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Revue
et Magasin de Zoologie (Paris) 2d ser. 10: 438–449, 514–527.
Jan, G. 1972. En: Jan, G. & F. Sordelli. 1860-1861. Iconographie
générale des ophidiens. Vol. 1. J. B. Bailière, Milan.
Llano-Mejía, J., Á. M. Cortés-Gómez & F. Castro-Herrera.
2010. Lista de anfibios y reptiles del departamento del Toli-
ma, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 11: 89–106.
iNaturalist community. 2024. iNaturalist Research-grade Obser-
vations of Micrurus ancoralis from Colombia. Exported from
https://www.inaturalist.org [Accessed on 23 November
2023].
McCranie, J. R. 2004. Enuliophis, E. sclateri. Catalogue of
American Amphibians and Reptiles 799: 1–3.
Meneses-Pelayo, E. 2023. Una guía para los anfibios y reptiles
de Santander: Online reference V.06.2023 Bucaramanga,
Santander, Colombia. http://www.santanderherps.com [Ac-
cessed on 26 February 2024].
Meneses-Pelayo, E., J. Caicedo-Portilla, J. Echavarría-Rentería, J.
Bayona-Serrano & J. Rengifo-Mosquera. 2016. New records
and an update of the distribution of Sibon annulatus (Colub-
ridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) for Colombia. Check List 12:
1931.
Meneses-Pelayo, E. & D. Caballero. 2019. New records and an
updated map of distribution of Micrurus camilae Renjifo &
Lundberg, 2003 (Elapidae) for Colombia. Check List 15:
465–469.
Morrone, J. J..2014. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neo-
tropical region. Zootaxa 3782:1–110.
Parra-Hernández, R. M., D. F. Zambrano & M. Hernando-
Bernal. 2019. New record of Tantilla alticola (Boulenger,
1903) (Serpentes, Colubridae) for the Central Cordillera
in the department of Tolima, Colombia. Check List 15:
485–488.
Passos, P., J. J. Mueses-Cisneros, J. D. Lynch & R. Fernandes.
2009. Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpen-
tes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species. Zoo-
taxa 2293: 1–34.
Renjifo, J. M. & M. Lundberg. 2003. Una especie nueva de ser-
piente coral (Elapidae, Micrurus), de la región de Urrá, mu-
nicipio de Tierra Alta, Córdoba, noroccidente de Colombia.
Revista de la Academia Colombiana Ciencias Exactas Físicas y
Naturales 27: 141–144.
Rodríguez-Guerra, A. 2020. Micrurus ancoralis In: Torres-
Carvajal, O., G. Pazmiño-Otamendi, F. Ayala-Varela & D.
Salazar-Valenzuela. 2021. Reptiles del Ecuador. Version
2022.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica
del Ecuador, Ecuador. https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptili-
aweb/FichaEspecie/Micrurus%20ancoralis [Accessed on 26
February 2024].
Rojas, J. A. & M. Marín-Martínez. 2022. Living near water:
Ecological observations on the Ecuador Sipo, Chironius
grandisquamis, (Peters 1869) (Serpentes: Colubridae), in the
Middle Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. Reptiles & Am-
phibians 29: 46–51.
Roze J. A. 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americans: Biology, Identifi-
cation and Venoms. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Florida,
USA, 328 pp.
Santana-Londoño, J. A., J. P. Moncada-Vélez, J. C. Galle-
go-Ramírez, V. A. Ramírez-Castaño & P. D. A. Gutiér-
rez-Cárdenas. 2021. First record of the Spotted Lancehead,
Bothrops punctatus (García, 1896), from the Department of
Caldas, Colombia. Herpetology Notes 14: 1127–1131.
Schmidt, K. P. 1936. Preliminary account of coral snakes of
South America. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural
History 20: 189–203.
Vásquez-Restrepo J. D. & F. A. Toro-Cardona. 2019. Rhadinaea
decorata (Günther, 1858). Culebra café adornada. Catálogo
de anfibios y reptiles de Colombia 5: 56–63.
Wallach, V., K. Williams & J. Boundy. 2014. Snakes of the World.
A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC press Boca
Raton, Florida, USA, 1227 pp.
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo18
Appendix. Locality records of Micrurus ancoralis in Colombia. Reference and voucher/evidence data on all specimens.
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Cocorná, Vereda Santa Rita Antioquia 5.887225 -75.146622 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186001626
Dabeiba, camino a Chontaduro Antioquia 6.758635 -76.53181 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6072
San Francisco Antioquia 5.948095 -75.080275 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/140615670
Remedios Antioquia 7.210740 -74.496178 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/139714234
Mutatá, Villa Arteaga Antioquia 7.373472 -76.487861 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 78107
Samaná Caldas 5.384627 -74.951486 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/185091716
Quebrada Guanguí, about 0,5 km
above its junction with Río Patía,
100 - 200 m. elevation, in upper Río
Saija drainage, Department of Cauca
Cauca 2.749655 -77.37261 Pérez-Santos &
Moreno 1986 Literature record —
Alto Baudó, La Victoria Chocó 5.450278 -77.194167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 3352
Andagoya, Medio San Juan Chocó 5.098576 -76.697307 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani holotype) MCZ 32722
Andagoya Chocó 5.096580 -76.696300 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 11151
Andagoya Chocó 5.096580 -76.696300 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 13270
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 32720-21
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 32723
Andagoya, at junction of River
Condoto and San Juan Chocó 5.095523 -76.696583 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.13-15
Andagoya, Medio San Juan Chocó 5.098576 -76.697307 GBIF. OrgGBIF
[gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
Appendix. Locality records of Micrurus ancoralis in Colombia. Reference and voucher/evidence data on all specimens.
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Cocorná, Vereda Santa Rita Antioquia 5.887225 -75.146622 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186001626
Dabeiba, camino a Chontaduro Antioquia 6.758635 -76.53181 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6072
San Francisco Antioquia 5.948095 -75.080275 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/140615670
Remedios Antioquia 7.210740 -74.496178 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/139714234
Mutatá, Villa Arteaga Antioquia 7.373472 -76.487861 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 78107
Samaná Caldas 5.384627 -74.951486 This work/ iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/185091716
Quebrada Guanguí, about 0,5 km
above its junction with Río Patía,
100 - 200 m. elevation, in upper Río
Saija drainage, Department of Cauca
Cauca 2.749655 -77.37261 Pérez-Santos &
Moreno 1986 Literature record —
Alto Baudó, La Victoria Chocó 5.450278 -77.194167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 3352
Andagoya, Medio San Juan Chocó 5.098576 -76.697307 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani holotype) MCZ 32722
Andagoya Chocó 5.096580 -76.696300 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 11151
Andagoya Chocó 5.096580 -76.696300 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 13270
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 32720-21
Andagoya Chocó 5.095460 -76.712850 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) MCZ 32723
Andagoya, at junction of River
Condoto and San Juan Chocó 5.095523 -76.696583 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.13-15
Andagoya, Medio San Juan Chocó 5.098576 -76.697307 GBIF. OrgGBIF
[gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia19
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Atrato, Samurindó Chocó 5.587500 -76.654167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0309
Atrato, Samurindó Chocó 5.587500 -76.654167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0321
Canton Del San Pablo Chocó 5.354865 -76.672544 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/169959349
Condotó, Peña Lisa Chocó 5.105000 -76.568000 Schmidt 1935 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.31
Condotó, Peña Lisa Chocó 5.105000 -76.568000 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.34-35
El Litoral del San Juan, Taparalito,
quebrada Taparalito, a una hora
arriba de comunidad taparralito
Chocó 4.200678 -76.733652 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6769
El Litoral del San Juan, Taparalito,
quebrada Taparalito, a una hora
arriba de comunidad taparralito
Chocó 4.200678 -76.733652 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
El Litoral del San Juan,
Vereda Taparolito, bajo San
Juan, región de Málaga
Chocó 4.212194 -77.090417 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7360
Istmina Chocó 5.144450 -76.683550 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MHUA-R 14772
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1569
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1570
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1571
Novita, Rio San Juan Chocó 4.960474 -76.609474 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHW
Novita, Rio San Juan Chocó 4.960474 -76.609474 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHW
Nuquí Chocó 5.873771 -77.291912 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/38878398
Appendix. (Continuation).
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Atrato, Samurindó Chocó 5.587500 -76.654167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0309
Atrato, Samurindó Chocó 5.587500 -76.654167 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0321
Canton Del San Pablo Chocó 5.354865 -76.672544 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/169959349
Condotó, Peña Lisa Chocó 5.105000 -76.568000 Schmidt 1935 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.31
Condotó, Peña Lisa Chocó 5.105000 -76.568000 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.21.34-35
El Litoral del San Juan, Taparalito,
quebrada Taparalito, a una hora
arriba de comunidad taparralito
Chocó 4.200678 -76.733652 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6769
El Litoral del San Juan, Taparalito,
quebrada Taparalito, a una hora
arriba de comunidad taparralito
Chocó 4.200678 -76.733652 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 6770
El Litoral del San Juan,
Vereda Taparolito, bajo San
Juan, región de Málaga
Chocó 4.212194 -77.090417 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7360
Istmina Chocó 5.144450 -76.683550 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MHUA-R 14772
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1569
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1570
Istmina Chocó 5.160538 -76.683971 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1571
Novita, Rio San Juan Chocó 4.960474 -76.609474 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHW
Novita, Rio San Juan Chocó 4.960474 -76.609474 Schmidt 1937 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHW
Nuquí Chocó 5.873771 -77.291912 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/38878398
Appendix. (Continuation).
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo20
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Quibdó Chocó 5.591139 -76.668526 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/22897523
Quibdó Chocó 5.683594 -76.628346 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/71379788
Quibdó Chocó 5.694722 -76.661111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1567
Quibdó, Pacurita (Cabí) Chocó 5.681590 -76.597840 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1516
Río Quito, San Isidro Chocó 5.626390 -76.748840 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0634
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1418
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1427
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.326389 -76.615000 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2786
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.326389 -76.615000 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2785
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1475
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1212
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.319722 -76.617778 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2230
Tadó Chocó 5.256917 -76.552556 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.20.28
Tadó Chocó 5.265977 -76.564874 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1568
Tadó Chocó 5.265977 -76.564874 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1852
Barbacoas, El Pangan
ProAves Reserve Nariño 1.331259 -78.064873 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/135865244
Policarpa Nariño 1.723544 -77.49437 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186213517
Ricaurte Nariño 1.226632 -78.085775 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186203188
Appendix. (Continuation).
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Quibdó Chocó 5.591139 -76.668526 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/22897523
Quibdó Chocó 5.683594 -76.628346 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/71379788
Quibdó Chocó 5.694722 -76.661111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1567
Quibdó, Pacurita (Cabí) Chocó 5.681590 -76.597840 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1516
Río Quito, San Isidro Chocó 5.626390 -76.748840 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 0634
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1418
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1427
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.326389 -76.615000 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2786
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.326389 -76.615000 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2785
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1475
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.360278 -76.645833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 1212
Unión Panamericana, Salero Chocó 5.319722 -76.617778 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen COLZOOCH-H 2230
Tadó Chocó 5.256917 -76.552556 Schmidt 1936 Literature record
(M. a. jani paratype) NHMUK 1946.1.20.28
Tadó Chocó 5.265977 -76.564874 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1568
Tadó Chocó 5.265977 -76.564874 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen MLS 1852
Barbacoas, El Pangan
ProAves Reserve Nariño 1.331259 -78.064873 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/135865244
Policarpa Nariño 1.723544 -77.49437 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186213517
Ricaurte Nariño 1.226632 -78.085775 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/186203188
Appendix. (Continuation).
Micrurus ancoralis in the Magdalena river valley, Colombia21
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Ricaurte, 9 Km SE Ricaurte Nariño 1.135222 -77.978583 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen KU 169965
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
pacific Side, 800 m Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 55880
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
Pacific Side, 800 m Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 55879
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 6965
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
Vereda Piedras Risaralda 5.359167 -76.140556 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 6905
San Sebastián de Mariquita,
Vereda La Maria, km 82
road Mariquita-Falan
Tolima 5.180791 -74.881952 This work Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7332
Buenaventura, Anchicayá,
central hidroeléctrica
Valle del
Cauca 3.533263 -76.867508 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 5401
Buenaventura, Bajo Anchicayá,
cerca a represa Bajo Anchicayá
Valle del
Cauca 3.613741 -76.91095 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 13808
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, cuartel
B-V83 concesión Pulpapel, Cartón
Colombia, cerca a Pulpapel
Valle del
Cauca 3.942106 -76.968401 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 11174
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, estación
agroforestal Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 5402
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 7438
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8566
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8567
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, estación
agroforestal Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8568
Appendix. (Continuation).
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Ricaurte, 9 Km SE Ricaurte Nariño 1.135222 -77.978583 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen KU 169965
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
pacific Side, 800 m Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 55880
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
Pacific Side, 800 m Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen FMNH 55879
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia Risaralda 5.343056 -76.096111 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 6965
Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia,
Vereda Piedras Risaralda 5.359167 -76.140556 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 6905
San Sebastián de Mariquita,
Vereda La Maria, km 82
road Mariquita-Falan
Tolima 5.180791 -74.881952 This work Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7332
Buenaventura, Anchicayá,
central hidroeléctrica
Valle del
Cauca 3.533263 -76.867508 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 5401
Buenaventura, Bajo Anchicayá,
cerca a represa Bajo Anchicayá
Valle del
Cauca 3.613741 -76.91095 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 13808
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, cuartel
B-V83 concesión Pulpapel, Cartón
Colombia, cerca a Pulpapel
Valle del
Cauca 3.942106 -76.968401 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 11174
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, estación
agroforestal Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 5402
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 7438
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8566
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima,
estaciónagroforestal
Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8567
Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, estación
agroforestal Universidad del Tolima
Valle del
Cauca 3.983336 -76.949966 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 8568
Appendix. (Continuation).
Barrera-Ocampo & Renjifo22
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Buenaventura, camp Cartón
Colombia, km 13 car.
Valle del
Cauca 3.871111 -76.882500 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 309
Buenaventura, Juanchaco Valle del
Cauca 3.936374 -77.360929 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/70878977
Buenaventura, Juanchaco, Ladrilleros Valle del
Cauca 3.942153 -77.361115 Ayerbe et al. 2007 Preserved specimen MHNUC 000067
Buenaventura, Magüipi Valle del
Cauca 3.832586 -77.261857 Ayerbe et al. 2008 Preserved specimen MHNUC 000474
Buenaventura, Sabaletas Valle del
Cauca 3.746885 -76.96883 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 10770
Buenaventura, Sabaletas Valle del
Cauca 3.746885 -76.96883 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 10773
Buenaventura, San Cipriano Valle del
Cauca 3.839861 -76.897888 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 15484
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 402
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 413
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 424
Calima, Darién, Campo alegre Valle del
Cauca 3.929503 -76.669917 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Human observation
FUNTROPICO_
RFPR_RIOBRAVO_
PARAGUERO 3062
Dagua, Lobo Guerrero, carretera
de Buenaventura-Lobo Guerrero
Valle del
Cauca 3.772889 -76.692972 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7354
COLZOOCH-H: Colección Científica de Referencia Zoológica del Chocó – Herpetología, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia; FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History,
Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Chicago, USA; IAvH-R: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colección de Reptiles, Villa de Leyva, Colombia; ICN:
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; KU: Kansas University Natural His-
tory Museum, Kansas, USA; MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; MHNUC: Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia;
MHUA-R: Museo de Herpetología Universidad de Antioquia, Colección de Reptiles, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; MLS: Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle, Bogotá, Colom-
bia; NHMUK: Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, London, UK; NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Vienna, Austria; UVC: Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles, Universidad del Valle,
Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Coordinates, when not explicit, were approximated according to the locality.
Appendix. (Continuation).
Locality Department Latitude Longitude Reference Basis of record Voucher/Link
Buenaventura, camp Cartón
Colombia, km 13 car.
Valle del
Cauca 3.871111 -76.882500 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 309
Buenaventura, Juanchaco Valle del
Cauca 3.936374 -77.360929 iNaturalist
community 2023 Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/
observations/70878977
Buenaventura, Juanchaco, Ladrilleros Valle del
Cauca 3.942153 -77.361115 Ayerbe et al. 2007 Preserved specimen MHNUC 000067
Buenaventura, Magüipi Valle del
Cauca 3.832586 -77.261857 Ayerbe et al. 2008 Preserved specimen MHNUC 000474
Buenaventura, Sabaletas Valle del
Cauca 3.746885 -76.96883 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 10770
Buenaventura, Sabaletas Valle del
Cauca 3.746885 -76.96883 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 10773
Buenaventura, San Cipriano Valle del
Cauca 3.839861 -76.897888 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen UVC 15484
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 402
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 413
Buenaventura, Río Calima, camp.
Cartón Colombia, a 7 km del río.
Valle del
Cauca 3.878889 -76.895833 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen ICN 424
Calima, Darién, Campo alegre Valle del
Cauca 3.929503 -76.669917 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Human observation
FUNTROPICO_
RFPR_RIOBRAVO_
PARAGUERO 3062
Dagua, Lobo Guerrero, carretera
de Buenaventura-Lobo Guerrero
Valle del
Cauca 3.772889 -76.692972 GBIF [gbif.org]. 2023 Preserved specimen IAvH-R 7354
COLZOOCH-H: Colección Científica de Referencia Zoológica del Chocó – Herpetología, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia; FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History,
Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Chicago, USA; IAvH-R: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colección de Reptiles, Villa de Leyva, Colombia; ICN:
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; KU: Kansas University Natural His-
tory Museum, Kansas, USA; MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; MHNUC: Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia;
MHUA-R: Museo de Herpetología Universidad de Antioquia, Colección de Reptiles, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; MLS: Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle, Bogotá, Colom-
bia; NHMUK: Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, London, UK; NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Vienna, Austria; UVC: Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles, Universidad del Valle,
Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Coordinates, when not explicit, were approximated according to the locality.
Appendix. (Continuation).